LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE

English

S2 – 2023/2024
 The Art and Sport Playground
In the heart of downtown, where the busy daily life blends seamlessly with the city's vibrant arts
scene, lies a unique fusion of art and sport: the Street Art Skate Park. This unconventional
venue has become a safe space for those seeking to express themselves not only on canvas, but
also through the dynamic movement of skateboarding.

The park is decorated with murals featuring art and portraits of legendary athletes, all painted by
local artists. These works of art not only serve as a background, but are an integral part of the
skateboarding experience, inspiring skateboarders to push the boundaries of creativity and
athleticism.

Every weekend, the park transforms into a vibrant center of activity. Young artists capture the
smooth movements of skaters on their sketch pads, while athletes practice their moves, their
movements reflecting the bold lines and vivid colors of the murals that surround them.

The Street Art Skate Park symbolizes more than just a place for leisure; it represents the
intersection of two worlds often considered distinct: art and sport. Here, individuals are
encouraged to explore and express their passions, whether holding a paintbrush or a skateboard.
It's a reminder that creativity knows no bounds, and that sometimes the most extraordinary
expressions come from the meeting of different art forms.
 Comprehension
1. What makes the Street Art Skate Park unique compared to other parks?
2. How do the murals at the park influence the skateboarders?
3. What two things can you find in the Art and Sport Park?
4. What do artists do at the park?
5. What happens at the park on weekends?
6. What two worlds does the Street Art Skate Park bring together?
7. In what ways are individuals encouraged to express their passions at the park?
8. What message does the Street Art Skate Park convey about creativity?
 True or False
1. The Street Art Skate Park is located in the countryside.
2. Artists and skateboarders only use the park on weekdays.
3. The murals at the park include portraits of legendary athletes.
4. The park is exclusively for professional skateboarders.
5. Murals at the park play a significant role in inspiring both artists and skateboarders.
6. Local artists contribute to the park's atmosphere by painting murals.
7. The park becomes less active on weekends.
8. The murals are only meant to decorate the park.
9. Skateboarders and artists are encouraged to explore and express their passions at the park.
10. The Street Art Skate Park reminds us that creativity has limits.
Synonyms

▪ Smoothly
▪ Unusual
▪ Limit
▪ Drawing book
▪ Entertainment
▪ Separated
Quantifiers :

▪ Quantifiers are words and phrases that indicate the amount or quantity of something. They answer the
question "How much?" or "How many?"
▪ Quantifiers are essential in English because they allow us to be specific about quantity, whether we’re
talking about something countable (like books) or uncountable (like water).
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
▪ Before using quantifiers, it's important to know whether the noun you're referring to is countable or
uncountable.
• Countable Nouns: are items that you can count individually. For example, "apple," "book," or "car" are
countable because you can have one, two, three, or more of them.
• Uncountable Nouns: are items that you cannot count individually because they are seen as a whole or
mass. For example, "water," "sand," or "money" are uncountable.
Using Quantifiers:
1. A few / Few: Used with countable nouns when you want to refer to a small number, but not zero. "Few"
without "a" emphasizes that the quantity is smaller than expected.
▪ Example: I have a few cookies left. (Some, but not many)
▪ Example: I have few cookies left, so I can’t share them with everyone. (Not as many as I need)

2. A little / Little: Used with uncountable nouns to indicate a small amount, but not zero. "Little" without "a"
emphasizes that the quantity is smaller than expected.
▪ Example: I have a little sugar in my coffee. (Some, but not a lot)
▪ Example: I have little interest in politics. (Not much at all)

3. Much: Use "much" with uncountable nouns in questions and negative sentences to talk about a large
amount.
▪ Example: Is there much milk left in the fridge? (Asking about the quantity)
▪ Example: There isn't much time before the show starts. (A large amount is not available)

4. Many: Use "many" with countable nouns in questions and negative sentences to talk about a large number.
▪ Example: How many friends do you have in this city? (Asking about the number)
▪ Example: She doesn't have many contacts in the industry. (Not a large number)
Fill in the blank with the correct quantifier: "a few," "a little,"
"much," or "many."
1. I don't have __________ money left after buying the concert tickets.
2. There are only __________ cookies in the jar; we can make some more if you like.
3. She spent __________ hours trying to fix the car, but it still won't start.
4. We should hurry; there isn't __________ time before the store closes.
5. He has __________ friends from school that he still keeps in touch with.
6. Can you add __________ more salt to the soup? It tastes bland.
7. There are __________ reasons why I choose to walk to work instead of driving.
8. __________ people know the secret to the perfect chocolate cake recipe.
9. Do you think __________ rain will ruin our plans for the picnic?
10. He showed __________ interest in the subject, which surprised everyone because he usually loves
history.
 the Because Sentence
▪ Definition: A “Because Sentence” is any sentence that uses the conjunction “because” to link an independent
clause with a dependent clause (reason clause). The word “because” serves to explain the reason or justification
for the action or situation described in the main clause.

Here's how the structure works:

[Main Clause] + because + [Reason Clause]
▪ The main clause usually states a situation or action, while the reason clause explains why the situation occurs or
why the action is taken.
Here are some points to keep in mind:
• The main clause can stand alone as a sentence, but the reason clause typically cannot.
• "Because" introduces a cause-and-effect relationship between the two clauses.
• The reason clause answers the question "Why?" in relation to the action or situation in the main clause.
Complete the sentences with your own reasons using "because."

1. I always carry an umbrella __________.

2. We decided to cancel the trip __________.
3. She's studying late at night __________.
4. They're saving money __________.
5. The park was closed __________.
6. He missed the bus __________.
7. The children are happy __________.
8. I bought a new phone __________.
9. We need to leave early __________.
10. She won the award __________.
 Positive Negative
I ’ve I haven’t
Present Perfect Simple You (have) You (have
We arrived. We not) arrived.
They begun. They begun.
He ’s He hasn’t
Structure of Present Perfect Tense She (has) She (has
It It not)
▪ Affirmative: Subject + have/has + past participle
e.g. : I have visited France. Question Short Answer
Have I Yes, I have.
▪ Negative: Subject + have/has + not + past participle you You
we arrived No, We haven’t
e.g. : They have not finished their homework.
They ? They .
▪ Questions: Have/Has + subject + past participle? Has he
begun?
Yes, He has.
she She
e.g. : Have you ever seen a shooting star? No, hasn’t.
it It
Present Perfect Simple
▪ We usually use short forms (I've, You've, He's, She's, We've, They've) when we are speaking and in informal writing.

▪ Regular verbs have past participles which are the same as their past simple forms, ending -ed.
The letter arrived yesterday. → The letter has arrived!

▪ Irregular verbs have irregular past participles. Sometimes the past participle of an irregular verb is the same as the past
simple form.

We met for a coffee last week. → They've met many times before.

▪ Sometimes the past participle of an irregular verb is different from the past simple form.

She did some homework last night. → She's done lots of homework.

▪ We can use the present perfect to talk about life experiences of a living person.

They've read all the Harry Potter books.

▪ We don't say when the action happened with the present perfect.

I've visited Paris. I've visited Paris last year.

▪ We don't use the present perfect to talk about the experiences of dead people.

Shakespeare wrote more than 30 plays. Shakespeare has written more than 30 plays.
 Positive Negative
I ’ve I haven’t
Present Perfect Continuous You (have) You (have
We been We not) been
They working. They working.
He ’s He hasn’t
Structure of Present Perfect Tense She (has) She (has
It It not)
▪ Affirmative: Subject + have/has + been + present
participle (verb + -ing)
Question Short Answer
e.g. : I have been playing tennis since 9.00 am.
Have I Yes, I have.
▪ Negative: Subject + have/has + not + present participle you You
we been No, We haven’t
e.g. : I have not been playing tennis since 9.00 am.
They working. They .
▪ Questions: Have/Has + subject + present participle?
Has he Yes, He has.
e.g. : Have you been playing tennis since 9.00 am? she She
it No, It hasn’t.
Present Perfect Continuous

▪ We use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action or activity that started in the past and continues
now or has only just stopped.
▪ We use the present perfect continuous to talk about a current situation that started in the past. We often use it
to ask or answer the question How long …?
▪ We can use it with for + a period of time or since + a point in time.
I've been working here for eight years.
‘How long has he been playing basketball?’ ‘Since he was twelve years old.’
▪ We use the present perfect continuous to give reasons for current situations.
‘Why is your hair wet?’ ‘I've been swimming in the lake.’
‘Why is she tired?’ ‘She's been working hard all day.’
▪ We don't usually use the present perfect continuous with state verbs like be, have and know.
I've known Jack for five years. I've been knowing Jack for five years.
Present Perfect Simple Vs Present Perfect Continuous
▪ We use the present perfect simple to focus on the result of an action, and we use the present perfect continuous to focus on the
doing of the action itself. e.g. : I've been practising this piece for weeks but still haven't learned it.

▪ We use the present perfect simple to talk about how much or how many. When we focus on how long something has taken, we
use the present perfect continuous.

e.g. : I've done three tests this term. / We've seen that show three times.
I've been working on this project for a month now. I need to finish it by the end of the week.

▪ We use the present perfect simple to talk about how many times something has happened. But we use the present perfect
continuous for repeated actions when we don't say specifically how many times they have happened. We often use phrases such
as all day and recently in these sentences.

e.g. : We've seen that show three times. / I've been trying to contact him all morning.

▪ We usually use the present perfect simple, not the present perfect continuous, to talk about states rather than actions with verbs
like be, have, know, seem.

e.g. : We’ve known each other since university. We've been knowing each other since university.

She’s had that laptop for over ten years! She's been having that laptop for over ten years!

▪ We often use the present perfect simple, not the present perfect continuous, to announce news for the first time.

e.g. : Have you heard? Tom’s lost his job. / The Prime Minister has resigned.
 Exercise 1: Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences. Decide if you
should use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. I __________ (write) five emails this morning.
2. She __________ (not/eat) anything all day.
3. They __________ (live) in London since 2015.
4. How long you __________ (wait) for the bus?
5. My brother __________ (work) on his science project for three hours now.
6. We __________ (finish) painting the house.
7. You __________ (see) the new Marvel movie yet?
8. He __________ (try) to fix that clock for ages, but it still doesn't tell the right time.
9. I __________ (have) this car since I graduated from college.
10.They __________ (argue) about the same issue for weeks and still haven't reached an agreement.
 Exercise 2: Fill in the gaps with either the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
Continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1. She __________ (study) French for two years and she __________ (just/finish) her B2 course.

2. It __________ (rain) since early morning, and the streets __________ (become) very muddy.

3. I __________ (wait) here for you since seven o'clock and you __________ (just/arrive)!

4. Our team __________ (win) every match this season, and we __________ (practice) every single day.

5. You look tired. You __________ (work) too hard recently?