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UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PHY1014F
Physics A for Engineers
Final Examination
2 July 2021

Time: 150 minutes + 10 min reading time Total marks: 60

Marks available: 62

Internal Examiners: Mr P le Roux (University of Cape Town)

External Examiner: Dr G Bosman (Stellenbosch University)

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Complete your details at the top of each page.
2. Answer all questions in the spaces provided on the question paper neatly and legibly.
3. Use blank sheets on question paper for all calculations and or rough work.
4. A list of constants and formulae are available on the last page.
5. Prescribed calculators are allowed.
6. Use a pen to complete your answers.
7. Hand in your question paper at the end of the test.
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 2

Question 1
1.1. (2 marks) Describe the motion of a particle, in terms of its direction and speed, where 𝑎𝑎⃗ is in the
opposite direction to 𝑣𝑣⃗.

1.2 (2 marks) In uniform circular motion, what is the average velocity for one revolution around a circular
path of radius R? Explain.
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 3

1.3. (2 marks) At the highest point in its projectile motion, a shell explodes into two fragments. Is it possible
for both fragments to fall straight down after the explosion? Explain.

1.4. (2 marks) A cube of oak wood with very smooth faces normally floats in water. Suppose you submerge it
completely and press one face flat against the bottom of a tank so that no water is under that face. Will the
block float to the surface when you let it go? Explain.
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 4

1.5. (2 marks) For the process of filling a diving (scuba) tank with compressed air, is the work done by the
system on the environment positive or negative? Explain using a pV diagram.
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 5

Question 2
An athlete is running in a straight line along the x-axis. The graph shows this athlete’s speed in the x-
direction as a function of time.

2.1. (3 marks) Find the total distance moved during the first 12.0 s.

2.2. (1 marks) Find the displacement of the athlete during the first 12.0 s.
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 6

2.3. (2 marks) Sketch an ax-vs-t graph showing this athlete’s x-component of the acceleration as a function of
time for the first 12.0 s. [Your diagram must include all relevant acceleration and time labels]

𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 (m⁄s2 )

12 𝑡𝑡(s)
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 7

Question 3
An adult and child are both on ice-skates on an ice-rink. The adult, with a mass 𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴 = 60 kg, is carrying a ball
of mass 𝑚𝑚B = 0.15 kg. The adult is sliding with a speed of 1.0 m/s towards the stationary child, who has mass
𝑚𝑚𝐶𝐶 = 30 kg. Before reaching the child, the adult throws the ball toward the child so that the ball has a speed
of 30 m/s. The child catches and holds onto the ball. [Ignore any change in speed or trajectory of the ball as it
travels and friction between the skates and the ice.]

3.1. (3 marks) Determine the speed and direction of the adult’s motion after throwing the ball.

3.2. (3 marks) Determine the speed of the child after catching the ball.
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 8

Question 4
The machine part shown consists of three small disks linked by lightweight struts.

4.1. (2 marks) Where is this machine part’s centre-of-mass? (Use the coordinate axes shown with the origin
at point A and express your answer as an (x, y) coordinate)

4.2. (2 marks) What is this body’s moment of inertia about the axis through the centre of disk A,
perpendicular to the plane of the diagram?

4.3. (2 marks) What is the body’s kinetic energy, if it rotates clockwise about the same axis through A, with
an angular speed ω = 4.0 rad/s?
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 9

Question 5
Water flows steadily from an open tank. The elevation of points A, B and C are labelled. The cross-sectional
area of the tank is very large compared with the cross-sectional area of the exit pipe. The cross-sectional area
at point B is AB = 0.0480 m2 and at point C is AC = 0.0160 m2.

B C

5.1. (4 marks) Calculate the flow rate at point C.

Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 10

5.2. (4 marks) Find the gauge pressure at point B.

Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 11

Question 6 (4 marks)
A 0.175 kg piece of copper at temperature 177°C and a 0.100 kg piece of aluminium, both at a temperature
of -73°C, are dropped into an insulated bucket containing 0.500 kg of water. If the thermal equilibrium
temperature of the mixture is 9.5°C, what was the initial temperature (in °C) of the water in the bucket?
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 12

Question 7 (6 marks)
An important piece of landing equipment must be thrown to a yacht, which is moving at 45.0 cm/s, before
the yacht can dock. This equipment is thrown at 15.0 m/s at 60.0° above the horizontal from the top of a
tower at the edge of the water, 8.75 m above the yacht’s deck, as shown. At what distance D from the dock
should the yacht be when the equipment is thrown so that this equipment will land on the yacht?
[Ignore air resistance.]
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 13

Question 8
You are lowering two boxes, one on top of the other, down a ramp by pulling on a rope parallel to the surface
of the ramp. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the ramp and the lower box is 0.438, and the
coefficient of static friction between the two boxes is 0.759. [Your solutions to this question require
appropriate free-body diagrams]

8.1 (5 marks) What force do you need to exert to move the boxes together at a constant speed of 0.140 m/s?
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 14

8.2. (4 marks) What are the magnitude and direction of the friction force on the upper box?
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 15

Question 9 (7 marks)
A 350 kg roller coaster car starts from rest at point A and slides down a frictionless track which has a loop-
the-loop at the end. Does the car maintain contact with the track at point B in the loop-the-loop?
[Calculations and diagrams are required to validate your answer]
Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 16

Extra Page: Question ___________

Student Number PHY1014F Exam 2021 – Page 17

Extra Page: Question ___________

 PHY1014F Formula Sheet

Constants 𝑔𝑔 = 9.80 𝑚𝑚⁄𝑠𝑠 2 𝑝𝑝0 = 101.3 kPa R = 8.31 J.K-1.mol-1 𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴 = 6.02 × 1023 mol-1

Maths 𝐴𝐴circle = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 𝐴𝐴sphere = 4𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 𝑉𝑉sphere = 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3

4
𝑥𝑥 =
−𝑏𝑏±�𝑏𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
2𝑎𝑎

Trigonometry 𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 𝜃𝜃

Scalar and Vector �⃗ = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �𝐴𝐴⃗ × 𝐵𝐵

𝐴𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝐵𝐵 �⃗ � = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
Product

1
Linear Motion 𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑓 = 𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖 + 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 + 2 𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥)2 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥

𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = constant 𝑥𝑥𝑓𝑓 = 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 + 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥

Projectile motion 1
𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑣𝑣iy − 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑦𝑦f = 𝑦𝑦i + 𝑣𝑣iy 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 − 2 𝑔𝑔(𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥)2

𝑠𝑠 = 𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃 𝑣𝑣𝑡𝑡 = 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼

1
Circular Motion 𝜃𝜃𝑓𝑓 = 𝜃𝜃𝑖𝑖 + 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 2 𝛼𝛼(𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥)2 𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 = 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 + 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 2 = 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 2 + 2α𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2
(𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 )𝑟𝑟 = ∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑟𝑟 = = 𝑚𝑚𝜔𝜔2 𝑟𝑟 (𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 )𝑡𝑡 = ∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑡𝑡 (𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 )𝑧𝑧 = ∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑧𝑧 = 0
𝑟𝑟

Force 𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝜇𝜇𝑠𝑠 𝑛𝑛 𝑓𝑓𝑘𝑘 = 𝜇𝜇𝑘𝑘 𝑛𝑛 𝐹𝐹⃗𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = −𝑘𝑘(∆𝑠𝑠⃗)

Momentum 𝑝𝑝⃗ = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣⃗ 𝛥𝛥𝑝𝑝𝑥𝑥 = 𝐽𝐽𝑥𝑥 = ∫ 𝐹𝐹 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1 1
Energy 𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 + 𝑈𝑈𝑖𝑖 + 𝑊𝑊𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 + 𝑈𝑈𝑓𝑓 + 𝛥𝛥𝐸𝐸𝑡𝑡ℎ 𝐾𝐾 = 2 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑈𝑈𝑠𝑠 = 2 𝑘𝑘(𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥)2

Work 𝑊𝑊𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝑊𝑊 = ∫ 𝐹𝐹𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹⃗ ⋅ 𝑟𝑟⃗ (constant force)

Elastic Collision (𝑚𝑚 −𝑚𝑚 )

�𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 � = (𝑚𝑚1 2 ) (𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 )1 �𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 � = (𝑚𝑚
(2𝑚𝑚1 )
(𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 )1
(body 2 at rest) 1 +𝑚𝑚 1 2 2 1 +𝑚𝑚2 )

1 (𝑚𝑚1 𝑥𝑥1 +𝑚𝑚2 𝑥𝑥2 +𝑚𝑚3 𝑥𝑥3 +...) 1 (𝑚𝑚1 𝑦𝑦1 +𝑚𝑚2 𝑦𝑦2 +𝑚𝑚3 𝑦𝑦3 +...)
𝑥𝑥𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = ∑ 𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 = 𝑦𝑦𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = ∑ 𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 =
𝑀𝑀 (𝑚𝑚1 +𝑚𝑚2 +𝑚𝑚3 +...) 𝑀𝑀 (𝑚𝑚1 +𝑚𝑚2 +𝑚𝑚3 +...)
Rotation of a Rigid 𝐼𝐼particle = 𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖2 𝐼𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀2
Body 2
𝐾𝐾 = 𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝐾𝐾𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
1
+ 2 𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜔𝜔2
1

𝜏𝜏⃗ = 𝑟𝑟⃗ × 𝐹𝐹⃗ ∑ 𝜏𝜏 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 �⃗ = 𝑟𝑟⃗ × 𝑝𝑝⃗

𝐿𝐿 �⃗ = 𝐼𝐼𝜔𝜔
𝐿𝐿 �⃗

𝑝𝑝 = 𝑝𝑝0 + 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 𝑣𝑣1 𝐴𝐴1 = 𝑣𝑣2 𝐴𝐴2 𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵 = 𝜌𝜌𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿 𝑔𝑔

Fluids 1 1
𝑝𝑝1 + 2 𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣12 + 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑝𝑝2 + 2 𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣2 2 + 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝑦𝑦2

𝐹𝐹 ∆𝐿𝐿 ∆𝑉𝑉
Elasticity 𝐴𝐴
= 𝑌𝑌
𝐿𝐿
𝑝𝑝 = −𝐵𝐵
𝑉𝑉

N M M pf Vf pV
=n = = N = i i
N A M mol m pV = nRT Tf Ti
Vf V 
W = − ∫ p dV W = −nRT ln  f  ∆Eth = W + Q
Thermodynamics Vi
 Vi 
Q Mc∆T
= Q = ML Q nCV ∆T
= Q nCP ∆T
= C=
P CV + R
𝐶𝐶
∆Eth = nCV ∆T W nCV ∆T
= pf Vf γ = piViγ 𝛾𝛾 = 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃
𝑉𝑉
 Unit Conversions Coefficients of Friction Moments of Inertia

Densities of Materials Atomic Masses

Specific Heats Molar Specific Heats

Melting/Boiling temperatures and Heats of Transformation