Science, Technology,

and Nation Building

 Historical Background of Science
and Technology in the Philippines
PRE- SPANISH ERA
➢Science is observed in the way
they interpret the movements of
heavenly bodies to predict seasons
and climates, and in organizing days
into months and year.
PRE- SPANISH ERA
➢Scientific knowledge is observed in
the way they plant their crops, in
taking care of animals to help them
in their daily tasks, and for food
production.
PRE- SPANISH ERA
➢They use science in preparing the
soil for agricultural purposes and
like any other ancient cultures.
➢They also discovered the medicinal
uses of plants.
PRE- SPANISH ERA
➢They developed tools for
planting, hunting, cooking and
fishing; for fighting their enemies
during war or tribal conflicts.
PRE- SPANISH ERA
➢They also developed
technologies in creating musical
instruments.
PRE- SPANISH ERA
➢Metal age also had a significant
influence on the lives of early
Filipinos.
PRE- SPANISH ERA
➢Sophisticated designs of gold
and silver jewelry, ceramics, and
metal tools proved that their
technological ideas helped in the
development of different tools.
SPANISH ERA
➢The Spaniards brought with
them their own culture and
practices
SPANISH ERA
➢They established schools for
boys and girls and introduced the
concept of subjects and
disciplines.
SPANISH ERA
➢It was the beginning of formal
science and technology in the
country, known now as school of
science and technology.
SPANISH ERA
➢The Filipinos developed ways to
replicate the technology brought
by the Spaniards using
indigenous materials.
SPANISH ERA
➢Medicine and advanced science
were introduced in formal
colleges and universities
established by the Catholic
orders.
SPANISH ERA
➢The galleon trade has brought
additional technology and
development in the Philippines.
SPANISH ERA
➢Filipino students who were able to
study in Europe also contributed to
the advancement of medicine,
engineering, arts, music, and
literature in the country.
AMERICAN ERA
➢The Americans established the
public education system,
improved the engineering works
and the health conditions of the
people.
AMERICAN ERA
➢They reorganized the learning of
science and introduced it in
public and private schools.
AMERICAN ERA
➢They established a modern
research university, the
University of the Philippines
AMERICAN ERA
➢They created more public
hospitals than the former
colonial master.
AMERICAN ERA
➢The mineral resources of the
country were also explored and
exploited during the American
time.
AMERICAN ERA
➢ Transportation and
communication systems were
improved, though not accessible
throughout the country.
AMERICAN ERA
➢ The Protestant Church mission
in different places in the country
also brought hospitals and
schools to far-flung areas.
AMERICAN ERA
➢ However, World War II has
destabilized the development of the
country in many ways. Institutions
and public facilities were turned
into ashes, houses were burned,
and many lives were destroyed.
AMERICAN ERA
➢ Since the establishment of the
new republic, the whole nation has
been focusing on using its limited
resources in improving its science
and technological capability.
AMERICAN ERA
➢ Since the establishment of the
new republic, the whole nation has
been focusing on using its limited
resources in improving its science
and technological capability.
 Development of Science and Technology in
the Philippines
• Internal Influences • External Influences
1. Survival 1. Foreign Colonizers
2. Culture 2. Trades with Foreign
3. Economic 3. International
Activities Economic Demands
• The development of science and technology in the
Philippines, based on its brief history, is shaped by
several factors and influences. Like in the history
of science in other countries, it is always shaped
by human and social activities, both internal and
external.
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE
FIELD OF SCIENCE:

1.Ramon Cabanos Barba

for his outstanding
research on tissue
culture in Philippine
mangoes
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE
FIELD OF SCIENCE:
2. Josefino Cacas Comiso
for his works on
observing the
characteristics of
Antarctica by using
satellite images.
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE
FIELD OF SCIENCE:
3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.
known intentionally
in the field of electrical
engineering; was
elected as officer of the
famous institute of
Electrical and
Electronic Engineering.
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE:
4. Loudes Jansuy Cruz
Notable for her
research on sea snail
venom
 FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE:
5. Fabian Millar
Dayrit
for his research
on herbal medicine
 FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE:
6. Rafael Dineros
Guerrero III
for his research
on tilapia culture
 FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE:
7. Enrique Mapua
Ostrea Jr.
for inventing
the meconium
drugs testing
 FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE:
8. Lilian Foralejo Patena
for doing research
on plant biotechnology
 FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE:
9. Mari-Jo Panganiban
Ruiz
for being an
outstanding educator
and graph theorist
 FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE:
10. Gregory Ligot Tangonan
for his research in the
field of communications
technology
DIRECTION: Answer the following
questions.
1. What are the significant
contributions of the Spaniards
and Americans to the
development of science and
technology in the Philippines?
2. What can you say about the
state of science and
technology during the Spanish
and American period?