ENGLISH 10 NOTES Terms related to an Argumentative

Essay

Argumentative Essay Terms Definition

➣ Presents evidence for a claim to
Issue an idea about which the
persuade readers of its favorability.
opinions of people are
different.
❐ Stance: Takes a clear position on an
issue. Claim a statement by an
author about an issue. A
claim has a significant
❐ Persuasion: Aims to convince readers
amount of disagreement
to support the writer's viewpoint. about it. A claim needs
supporting arguments. A
❐ Reasoning: Provides logical claim is also called a
arguments supporting the claim. position, stand, or point
of view.
❐ Evidence: Backs up arguments with Argument an idea that supports
relevant evidence. the claim. An argument
needs supporting
❐ Structure: Includes introduction, body evidence.
(arguments and evidence), and
Evidence facts in the real world
conclusion.
that can be used to
support an argument.
❐ Common topics: Science, technology,
politics, and healthcare. Examples of Evidence
➣ statistics
➣ data from studies
❐ Assignment: Common in high school
➣ historical events
and college. ➣ habitual practices
➣ other facts that can
❐ Goal: Clearly present why the chosen support an argument.
stance is favorable while showing the
Counterargum an idea given by the
weaknesses of opposing viewpoints.
ent opposing side against
the claim given in the
argumentative essay.

Rebuttal the response to the

counterargument

Pro an argument in favor of

a claim or advantage
regarding something
 ➣ it also introduces the thesis
Con an argument against a
claim or disadvantage statement of the essay, which is the
regarding something heart of an essay, and tells what to be
discussed in the body paragraphs.
Why is it important to learn to write an
argumentative essay? Example:
Why should we ditch our fancy, high
priced, gas guzzling sports car and
pick up a low tech bicycle? Well, we
should all choose to take the old
fashion route because there are money
benefits to riding a bike round town.
Although it may be more work, a
bicycle’s benefits will outweigh a car’s
dangerous fumes any day. People
should be encouraged to commute by
bicycle rather than by car.
Components of an Argumentative
Essay
BODY
❐ it is the body paragraph where facts
of the given thesis statements of the
essay are written.

➣ it is where the arguments are

written to support the statements.

INTRODUCTION
❐ it is an introductory paragraph, it is in
the start of the essay.
➣ this is called the “gateway” of an
essay.
➣ it is because it attracts the attention
of readers to the essay and gives the
readers background information about
the topic.
Example:
(1st Argument) Financial commuting
costs for a bicycle are considerably
less than for a car. A brand new car
costs a million pesos and it uses
expensive fuel to let it run and move,
while a bicycle will only cost more than
one thousand pesos but does not need
any fuel, and it uses body energy to
pedal and move.
REFUTATION/COUNTERARGUMENT
❐ it is the argument to refute earlier
arguments and give weight to the actual
position.
Example:
(Counterargument) Some say that
riding a bike would increase
commuting time and decrease
productivity.
(Rebuttal) Commuting by bicycle
would mean avoiding rush hour traffic
jams and helping the be early or on
time to an appointment.
CONCLUSION
❐ it is rephrasing the thesis
statement, major points, call attention,
or
just having the concluding remarks. It
even has some recommendations.
Example:
We should choose riding a bicycle. This
will not only be less expensive
and fuel-free but it gives us a healthy
body. Finally, it brings us to destination
on time or even earlier avoiding traffic
jams.
Eight Effective Strategies to Write an
Argumentative Essay
➣ Select a strong topic
➣ Conduct a Thorough Research
➣ Establish a Clear Thesis Statement
➣ Generate an outline
➣ Use effective Transitions
➣ Address Counterarguments
➣ Maintain a Formal Tone
➣ Format and Edit
How to Critique a Story
❐ Short stories are a popular form of
writing, despite misconceptions about
their readership.
➣ They possess unique structures and
requirements distinct from novels.
➣ A good short story leaves the reader
with something to ponder, often termed
as an epiphany.
Critique guidelines
➣ Begin with questions about the type
of story (literary or genre) and
expectations.
➣ Focus on craft aspects such as
opening, character development, conflict,
and resolution.
Craft aspects to analyze
➣ Opening: Assess engagement, first
line, and hooks.
➣ Characterization: Identify the main
character, POV, and setting.
➣ Conflict: Evaluate the presence and
interest of conflict, suggest
enhancements.
Structure and form
➣ Development: Determine if the story
progresses and maintains interest.
 ➣ Climax/Epiphany: Look for a
pivotal moment or realization.
➣ Ending: Assess satisfaction, clarity,
and resolution of main story question.

➣ Theme: Consider the underlying

message or theme conveyed by the story.

➣ Reflection: Identify weaknesses, slow

passages, and areas for improvement,
providing reasons for their shortcomings.