CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION

Introduction:
❖ Geography Population Relation

● People interact with resources and create social and

cultural environment.
● People themselves are resources with varying
quality.
❖ Population is the pivotal element in Social Studies.

‘Resources’, ‘Calamities’ and ‘Disasters’ are all meaningful only in relation to human beings.

❖ Production and consumption of earth’s resources depends on human beings.

∴ Understanding population is Census

important.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Introduction:
A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. It is a
Census
comprehensive source of demographic, social and economic data.
● First census was held in 1872.
● First complete census was taken in the year 1881.
❖ Major questions about population are:
Population size & Population growth and processes Characteristics or qualities of
distribution of population change the population

● By numbers ● What is population growth? ● Age composition

● By density ● Processes of population ● Sex ratio
change/growth. ● Literacy rates
● Occupational structure
● Health
❖ National population policy 2000 and its relation with
Adolescent population.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers:
India’s Population

As on March 2011 = 1,210.6 Million [Accounts for 17.5 per cent of the world’s population]

❖ 1.21 billion people are unevenly distributed over our country’s vast area of 3.28 million
square km [2.4 percent of the world’s area]
❖ According to 2011 census data

● Uttar Pradesh [199 Million population size] = ● Most populous state of India
● Accounts for about 16 percent of
the country’s population.
● Sikkim [0.6 Million population size] = Least populous state of India.
● Lakshadweep has only 64,429 people.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers:
❖ Almost half of India’s population lives in just five states.

● Uttar Pradesh
● Maharashtra
● Bihar
● West Bengal
● Andhra Pradesh

❖ Rajasthan, the biggest state in terms of area, has only 5.5 per cent of the country’s
population. why?

Hope you understand the uneven distribution of population

CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
India’s Population Distribution by Density

Density Provides a better picture for uneven distribution of population.

❖ The population density of India in the year 2011 was 382 per
Population density is person per sq km.
the number of person Varies from area to area
per unit area.
❖ 1,102 person per sq km in Bihar.
❖ 17 person per sq km in Arunachal Pradesh.
Only Bangladesh and
Japan have higher
average population
densities than India.
❖ State below the population density below 250 person per square
km have rugged terrain and unfavorable climatic conditions.
❖ Identify the state with different population density on map.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
India’s Population Distribution by Density
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Population Growth and Processes of Population change:
❖ Population Growth is a dynamic phenomenon

Influenced by the interaction of the processes.

● Births
● Deaths
● Migrations

❖ Population Growth = Change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during

a period of time.

Expressed in two ways:

● Absolute numbers
● Percentage
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Population Growth:
❖ The Rate or the pace of population growth

It studies the per cent of population increase per annum.

Annual Growth Rate

❖ The Annual growth may decline but the absolute numbers would always increase.
E.g. Since 1981, growth rate declined but the absolute number increased.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Population Growth
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Processes of Population changes/Growth:
❖ Three main processes of change of population : Birth rate, death rate and migration.
❖ The natural increase of population is the difference between birth rates and death rates.

Birth Rate Death Rate Migration

● It is the number of ● It is the number of ● It is the movement of

live births per
thousand person in
a year.
● Birth rates have
always been higher
than death rates.
deaths per thousand people across regions
persons in a year. and territories.
● Migration can be:
➔ Internal (within the
country)
➔ International (between
the countries)
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Processes of Population changes/Growth:
❖ Impact of Migration of the population

Internal Migration does not changes the size of the population

But Influence the composition and distribution of population.

❖ Migration is mostly rural to urban areas because of the Push and Pull factors.
Impact on population size
❖ Migration
as well as on the
population composition in Poverty Employment
urban and rural population. Unemployment Better living conditions

❖ Example: The urban population has increased from 17.29 per cent of the total population in 1951 to 31.80
per cent in 2011. There has been a significant increase in the number of ‘million plus cities’ from
35 to 53 in just one decade, i.e., 2001 to 2011.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Age Composition:
❖ The number of people in different age groups in a country.

Importance

● A person’s age influences what he/she neds, buys, does and his/her capacity to
perform.
● Determinants of the population’s social and economic structure.
❖ The population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad categories.

Children Working age Aged

● Generally below 15 years.
● Economically unproductive
and dependent group.
● 15-59 years.
● Economically productive and
biologically reproductive.
● Makes up the working
population.
● Above 59 years.
● Exceptionally economically
productive.
● Not available for employment
through recruitment.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Age Composition:

❖ The percentage of children and

the aged affect the dependency
ratio because these groups are
not producers.

India: Age composition

CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Literacy Rates:
❖ Who is Literate?

➔ A person aged 7 years and above, who can read and write with understanding in any
language is treated a literate.
❖ An informed and educated citizen can make intelligent choices and undertake research
and development projects.
❖ Low level of literacy are a serious obstacle for economic improvement.
❖ Literacy Rate of the country.

As per the census of 2011, 73 per cent is the literacy rate.

● 80.9 percent for males

● 64.6 percent for females
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Occupational Structure:
The distribution of population according to different type of
Meaning occupation is referred to as occupational structure. It explain where
and how much population of the country is engaged in which
occupation.

❖ Occupations are generally classified:

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Includes agriculture Includes manufacturing Includes transport,

animal husbandry, industries, building and communication, commerce,
forestry, fishing, mining construction work. administration and other
and quarrying etc. services.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Occupational Structure:
❖ Proportion of people working in different activities varies in developed and developing
countries.

Developed Countries Developing Countries

● High proportion of people are ● Higher proportion of
working in secondary and workforce is engaged in
tertiary activities. Why primary activities. Why
❖ Situation in India
➢ Primary sector = 64 percent of population is engaged in this sector.
➢ Secondary sector = 13 percent of population is engaged in this sector.
➢ Tertiary sector = 20 percent of population is engaged in this sector.
➔ Over the period of time a shift in favour of Secondary and Tertiary sector is observed.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Sex Ratio:
❖ Number of Females per 1000 males in the
population.

Important social indicator.

● Equality between male and female.

● Sex ratio has always remained
unfavorable to females.
• What could be the reasons for such
variations?
• Kerala has a sex ratio of 1084 females per
1000 males, Puducherry has 1038 females for
every 1000 males, while Delhi has only 866
females per 1000 males and Haryana has just
877.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Health:
❖ Health Affects the process of development. How?

Health population will contribute more in the development

❖ Government programmes have registered significant improvements in the health.
Conditions of the Indian population.
➔ Decline in the death rate [25 per 1000 in 1951 to 7.2 per 1000 in 2011]
➔ Life expectancy at birth has increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 67.9 years in 2012.
❖ Improvement in public health, prevention of infectious diseases and application of modern
medicine practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments is reason for all improvement in
health conditions.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Health:
❖ Despite considerable achievements, there are some challenges in securing better health
conditions such as:
● Per capita caloric consumption is much below the recommended levels.
● Large population is suffering from malnutrition.
● Safe drinking water and basic sanitation amenities are available to only
one-third of the rural population.

∴ An appropriate population policy is the need of hour to tackle these problems.

Is there any such policy?

CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Adolescent Population
Who are
Adolescent?

Proportion of the population, grouped

in the age group of 10 to 19 years.
❖ Adolescent population constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India.

Most important resource for the future How?

Why?
❖ Nutritional requirement of adolescents are higher than of a normal child or adult.

Poor nutrition can lead to deficiency and stunted growth

Inadequate nutrients in Indian Diet.

CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
Adolescent Population
❖ Due to the insufficient and improper diet.

A large number of girls suffer from anaemia.

❖ The Adolescent girls have to sensitised to the problems they confront.

Awareness among them can be improved through the

spread of literacy and education.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
National Population Policy:

National Population Policy Need?

Planning of families would improve individual health and welfare

∴ Government of India initiated a comprehensive Family Planning Programme [1952]

Family Welfare Programme

Sought to promote responsible and planned

parenthood on a voluntary basis.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
National Population Policy:
❖ National Population Policy 2000

● Provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory school

education upto 14 years of age.
● Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births.
● Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable
diseases.
● Promoting delayed marriage for girls.
● Making family welfare a people-centred programme.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
NPP 2000 and Adolescents:

National Population Policy Adolescents

Relation

❖ National Population Policy identified Adolescents as one of the major section.

Adolescent Population is future of country

A healthy, educated and skilled Adolescents means a healthy, educated and skilled
population in the future which will work for the development of country.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
NPP 2000 and Adolescents:
❖ Taking Adolescents into consideration, NPP 2000 on the following:

● Protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases

[STDs].
● Encouraging delayed marriages strengthening legal measures to prevent child
marriage and childbearing.
● Educating adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex, making
contraceptive services accessible and affordable.
● Providing food supplements, nutritional services.

People are the nation’s most valuable resources. A well-educated healthy population
provides potential power.