8638092382

COLD WAR ERA

Results into space war between Russia and usa

Study insight
AS A RESULT RUSSIA WON THIS SPACE WAR AS

The Sputnik 1 spacecraft was the first artificial satellite

successfully placed in orbit around the Earth Fifty years
ago, on October 4, 1957 by the Soviet Union.

It was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome at

Tyuratam (370 km southwest of the small town of
Baikonur) in Kazakhstan.

In 1958- 1959 Third largest

India GDP was =$33,335M $3.75 trillion ·
Growth rate was 2.6% poverty14.96% in 2021

1956–57 = india`s poverty

was 65%
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Scientific Policy Resolution 1958 in Indian
Parliament

•Jawahar Lal Nehru established the fundamental

foundation for science and technology in India.
•He was quick to recognize the value of science and
technology and believed that the only way the
nation could overcome its many problems was
through scientific advancement.

•The problems of hunger and poverty, the mentally ill

and illiteracy, superstitions, depressing traditions,
enormous riches that go to waste, and wealthy nations
with starving populations, he declared, can only be
solved by science.

•As a result, he made the decision to include science

and technology as a crucial component of the nation’s
goals and priorities
That is why Nehru is called visionary leader

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This policy give the task of
Space reasearch
And out space exploration
Depeartment of atomic research
lead by Homi jahanghir baba
1962 He established
Indian committee for space and research
i.e INCOSPAR
Headed by vikram sarabhai.
•The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is India's
premier nuclear research facility, headquartered
in Trombay, Mumbai
•It was founded by Homi Jehangir Bhabha as the Atomic
Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) in January 1954
as a multidisciplinary research program essential for India's
nuclear program.
•It operates under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE),
which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India.
•After Bhabha's death in 1966, the centre was renamed as
the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre on 22 January 1967.
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NCOSPAR took the decision to set up 21 November 1963 marked India's first venture
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching into space, with the launch of a two-stage Nike
Station (TERLS) Apache sounding rocket from TERLS.
at Thumba on the southern tip of India.
The first rockets launched were built in United
States.
It was renamed in honour of Vikram Sarabhai,
often regarded as the father of the Indian space
program.

IN 1963 AT THUMBA he formed space science

and technology centre SSTC was to developed
indigenous satellite launching capability.

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•The first Indian designed and built rocket,
RH-75, made its maiden flight on 20
November 1967.

•This was the 52nd launch of a sounding

rocket from TERLS. It was flown twice
again in 1967 and another 12 times in
1968, making a total of 15 RH-75 flights.

IN 1969, 15TH augst

INCOSPAR converted into ISRO
Headquarters: Bengaluru
Founded: 15 August 1969
Founder: Vikram Sarabhai
Officeholder: S. Somanath (Chairperson)
In 1972 dpt of science was formed, and isro brought under Dos
On 1st of june

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In 1973 augst a practicle expreminet was done of SLV3 vehicle

•In 1975 Aryabhata was India's

first satellite,named after the famous Indian
astronomer.
• It was launched on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin
Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development
site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-
3M launch vehicle.
•It was built by ISRO, and launched by
the Soviet Union as a part of the
Soviet Interkosmos programme which provided
access to space for friendly states.
•1979
Bhaskara-I, an experimental satellite for earth
observations, launched (June 7, 1979) by ussr

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1979

First Experimental launch of SLV-3 with

Rohini 35 Technology Payload on board
(August 10, 1979). The satellite could not
be placed in orbit.

1980
Second Experimental launch of SLV-3.
Rohini satellite successfully placed in orbit
(July 18,1980). India now become a
member of ellite group of countries
including russia , US, france ,Japan ,
Chaina that have built satellite and
launched by own vehicle.

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1982
INSAT-1A launched (April 10, 1982). Deactivated on
September 6, 1982 from US but it was deactiavted

In 1983

INSAT-1B was an Indian communications satellite

which formed part of the Indian National Satellite
System.

it was operated in geostationary orbit .

At the end of its seven-year design life it was replaced
by the newly launched INSAT-1D

It provided direct television and communications to the

entire country including remote villages. It also provided
weather forecasting and disaster warning services

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In 1984, Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian
citizen to enter space when he flew aboard the Soviet
rocket Soyuz T-11 launched from Baikonur
Cosmodrome in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist
Republic on 3 April 1984.

The crew held a joint television news conference with

officials in Moscow and then Indian Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi. When Indira Gandhi asked
Sharma how India looked from outer space, he replied,
"Sare Jahan Se Accha"

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1987
First developmental launch of ASLV with SROSS-1
satellite on board (March 24, 1987). Satellite could not
be placed in orbit

1988
Launch of first operational Indian Remote Sensing
satellite, IRS-1A (March 17, 1988) from ussr .

1992
INSAT-2A, the first satellite of the indigenously-built second-
generation INSAT series, launched (July 10, 1992)

1993
INSAT-2B, the second satellite in INSAT-2 series, launched
(July 23, 1993).
First developmental launch of PSLV (PSLV-D1) with IRS-1E
on board (September 20, 1993). Satellite could not be placed
in orbit

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•2001

•Successful flight test of Geosynchronous Satellite

Launch Vehicle (GSLV - D1) (April 18, 2001) with an
experimental satellite GSAT-1 on board

•Successful launch of KALPANA-1 by ISRO’s PSLV -

C4

2004
EDUSAT gsat 3 was launched whcich was
Complitly excluciveness to EDUCATION only

2005
Successful launch of INSAT-4A by Ariane from Kourou,
French Guyana (December 22, 2005)
INSAT-4A was a communication satellite intended for
providing high quality television, telecommunication,
broadcasting services i.e d2h service

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In 2008

Chandrayan 1 was launched on 22oct,2008

It was first moon mission
Vehicle pslv c11
Mission life : 2 years

In 2013

The constellations' first satellite (IRNSS-1A)

was launched on 1st July 2013 and the
eighth satellite IRNSS-1I was launched
in April 2018.
With the seventh launch of the constellation's
satellite (IRNSS-1G), IRNSS was renamed
NavIC by India’s Prime Minister in 2016.

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in 2013

Mars mission
named as Mangalyan mission was launched
vehicle pslv c25
It was success in frst time

In 2015
ISRO launched astrosat
It is the first dedicated Indian astronomy
mission aimed at studying celestial sources
in X-ray, optical and UV spectral bands

In 2017

PSLV c37 launched 104 satellite

Which one is record itself

Study insight
In 2019

Mission Shakti was undertaken to develop highly-potent

Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT). It is a joint programme
of the Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO). Anti-satellite (ASAT) System is
missile-based system to attack moving satellites.

In 2019

Chandrayan2 was launched

By gslv mk3 m1
Aimed to fit in south pole

In 2020

Gsat 30 was launched

By Ariane VA 251
It is an telecommunication satellite
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In 2023

Chandrayan 3
And aditya L1 was ssuccesffully done by isro
Aditya l1 is first misson of isro to sun

Study insight
ISRO FUTURE MISSION

Mangalyaan 2
Gaganyan mission
2024Mars orbiter
Human space flight of india
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2) also
Three indian astronauts will be sent to lower earth orbit
called Mangalyaan 2 is India's second
Dec 2024
interplanetary mission planned for launch
Isro will sent a robot vyomitra
to Mars by the Indian Space Research
Lvm 3 will be used
Organization

Sukrayan

The Venus Orbiter Mission, unofficially known

as Shukrayaan (from Sanskrit: Shukra , "Venus"
and yāna, "craft, vehicle"),is a planned Indian Space
Research Organisation(ISRO) mission to study the
surface and atmosphere of Venus.
Launched in 2024 dec

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Study insight
What is Aditya-L1 Mission?
About:
Aditya-L1 is the first space based observatory class
Indian solar mission to study the Sun from a substantial
distance of 1.5 million kilometers.
L2: Positioned directly 'behind' Earth as
viewed from the Sun, L2 is excellent
for observing the larger Universe without
Earth's shadow interference.
The James Webb Space Telescope orbits the
Sun near L2.

It will take approximately 125 days to reach the L1

point.

What are Lagrange Points?

About:
Lagrange points are special positions in space where
the gravitational forces of two large orbiting
bodies, such as the Sun and the Earth, balance each
other out.
This means that a small object, such as a spacecraft,
can stay at these points without using much fuel to
maintain its orbit.
There are five Lagrange Points, each with distinct
characteristics. These points enable a small mass to
orbit in a stable pattern amid two larger masses.
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Objective:

The mission aims to provide valuable insights into

the solar corona, photosphere, chromosphere, and
solar wind.

The primary objective of Aditya-L1 is to gain a deeper

understanding of the Sun's behavior, including
its radiation, heat, particle flow, and magnetic
fields, and how they impact Earth.

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Why maximum landing of equator

•Smooth moon surface

•Less crater
•Sunlight availabity = easy to work many solar
• equipped component

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 SPECIFICATIONS OF CHANDRAYAAN-3

• The Chandrayaan-3 has a Mission life of One Lunar day

which is approximately equal to 14 earth days or two
weeks on earth

• The Chandrayaan-3 consists of mainly three components =

Lander, Rover and Propulsion Module.

• The total mass of the Chandrayaan-3 is 3900 Kgs out of

which The Rover which is known as Pragyan weighs 26
Kgs only. It may be mentioned here that the Orbiter which
is used for the Chandrayaan-3 is the same.

Study insight
 COMPONENTS OF THE CHANDRAYAAN-3 LANDER MODULE (VIKRAM)

• The lander module of the Chandrayaan-3 consists of 4 major

components that have their own specific functions.

• The first is the ‘Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive

Ionosphere and Atmosphere’ in short RAMBHA.

• Its main objective is to measure the surface plasma and

its changes with time.

• The second component is “Chandra’s Surface Thermo Physical Experiment”

( CHASTE)

• Its objective is to carry out measurements of thermal properties of the moon

surface.

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 COMPONENTS OF THE CHANDRAYAAN-3 LANDER MODULE

• The third component is the “Instrument for Lunar Seismic

Activity (ILSA).

• Its objective is to measure the seismic activity of the polar region

of the moon.

• The fourth component is the “LASER Retroreflector Array” (LRA)

for understanding the dynamics of Moon System.

Study insight
 ROVER MODULE OF CHANDRAYAAN-3

• The Rover of the Chandrayaan-3 is known as Pragyan.

• Pragyan rover landed about 4 hours after the Lander

touched the lunar surface.

• The Pragyan rover has two components or payloads

in it, namely ‘LASER induced Breakdown Spectroscope’
(LIBS) and the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectroscope
(APXS).

• The function of the LIBS is to derive Chemical composition

of Lunar Surface.

Study insight
The APXS of the Pragyan rover will be used to determine the elemental
composition of Lunar Soil and rocks around the Lunar Landing site.

Study insight
 THE PROPULSION MODULE OF CHANDRAYAAN-3

• The propulsion module of Chandrayaan-3 carried the

Chandrayaan-3 from the launch site to about
100 Kms above the Lunar orbit.

• Its main function is to carry the Chandrayaan from

launch vehicle injection orbit to till the lander \
seperates from it.

• It also carries a “Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planetary Earth”

(SHAPE) payload will help to find habitate exoplanet .

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 FACTS

● Chandrayaan 1 – 22 Oct, 2008

● Chandrayaan 2 – 22 July, 2019

● Chandrayaan which means “Moon vehicle” in Sanskrit

● ISRO Chief – S Somnath
● Chandrayaan 3 is India’s lunar mission, which aims to be the world’s first
mission to soft land near the lunar south pole.
● Chandrayaan 3 launched on 14th July 2023 at 2:35 PM from Satish Dhawan
Space Centre in Sriharikota
● Isro hq= bengaluru

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 S T U D Y I N S I G H T

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insight

CHANDRAYAAN- 3
CHANDRAYAAN-3
MISSION
অসমীয়াত

By Sahid Sir