Exaunbleo ;:

yivew hat morral.

Shos4hat Ton s mortal. folows;

argnenlo wFoL as
Soutiow: Let uo ymoze above

MortalL ( ) * lause Fom

Mortal (x)
Prredicata fom Mau()V
()Mortal()) Man(Tsm')
<a)(Man set ot
2 S i the
S= Man(x) Mortal ), orctal./3ohu.
Kave to prtove. that (Tst)aud thio
MorUal Amoded
s38 N ) we couenon that to s.
the,
Negate (Tsh), 1Horetal (Iohu)
}¬Maw(x)vHortal (), au e daw
Aay
contradicin. thew waatiogible
S=
we
protuee. a soMMortal (sat)in
and

¬Mau (x)v hortal(x)

Maw(Toh)

Moral(Tolw)

contradiotiom
hone and a
produee
l a e . io
Ihe I l
 Givo 1luat
detecnin.
(a) ALL deetuo e
ngone who is deterined and mteliqent wi ll ge.
() AcRNiCc

Show tthat Mary wl gic qood seviee..

Sotticwi Let o ymsoize above
argmento w FrL ao
folow:
R( x ) xba letuee
D(x)
I()
gweo govd seiee.
Prradicala for lauoe. Form

7 b ( ) v I ( ) v G(

KR(Mary) AI (Mary)
S-RC«)vD(«), D(vI()VG (x), R(Many),1(Many
New we tave topve tha Many i l geve good
ie, L = Ge Mary)
The L'
where = G(Marg) conaeqmeneo.
wah to hd tliatL s a logical

we os t a t
Logical cowaeqmewee o Si

R e o s t mtree. v
 R(Many)

b(Mang

G(Many) 1Ge(Mary

Sunce conbadiotiom acheieved

wee couede that
(wing s.
ogical dowseqmee o
3) Givew ttat
wndono.
a) Au mnbero i e byy 2 Te.
(6) Nunbe Q5 wot Q een menber.
Coneide that mser Q5 o not anoisie by 2.
Souioni Let o mymboize above aesumeus wFOL
followo:
memloer.
E(x) - X
Preeliate Form lause for

(y()(D()’E() ¬D(«)v E(*)

(5 ¬E(a5) 1E(26)
Leb (26)
L.1D(as)
Land qet
we noid negate 4h. ctause

lagical coeqmenoe ofs.

 hilotJ:

nE(25)

-ib (25) n(25)

toneude. using veooutiow etation heorem that {

Givew that
a) Many, Micky and Jshn arte membeo o Rotacycub.
Every Rotaey cetb memberr usthonota i m e r oa
mounttm ciber.
Hountaim climber do not ke reano
yAnyone sho doeo st uke watar o nsd a minmez,
e) Micky dialie o whaevee May keo and ihes ushateverr
disieeo.
f)Mary ikesr n Qnd raler.

follews;
Setution: Le wo ymboize abve iwgumens iw FoL ao
Member (x) xs a menber o Rotary

s(x)
ihco ( x Y ) xikeo Y.

b)(Vx) (eudor ()as(«)

A)z)(* likeo (z. waler)-s(z)

Waex).
Fos
w)Mamber (Jot).

d)keo (z, WaterVee

ikea (Mary wader

containg
we hawe to pove that oo
alla e alauaes
aL) (Member)aMe (L) AS(L))
Le s'= Su

()(Manben()a7 Me(L)as)

Logiaal

Mamber (L)v Me(L) v1s() ¬ Member (x) vs(x)vMeCx)

Memberr (1)vMe(

Likeo (Mary Rain) ¬ Member (1) v ineo (h, Rain)

1Menbet (Hauy) Manber May)

 A

tuiss

lae

shuiy
 ¬prore(Y) (wealthy
= ()
a)Shuid ()¬ Smornt (x)
thaawne We
Wealtg ()’xin wealthy
poor in’x (x) Poor
otui ()-xin stupid
olloo: ameno
ao FoL uw aloveymbotize Sotion:
uoLet
be. ayo law
aw itt tond
uid. not aro. read shs pooste Thoe.
haby ae wart ae auc povr wot are who peote AuCa)
that given
conoeameno.
S. of Logieal thatcomede
io oc
ean we s, det te. achieved
to coniradictiowb Smee
w)
-ueuy)v
(, pam
Ristorg (goh, 7pas
Ratog)vnualy
(4eh) -pas(otn,
logicol OWseqmemco.
 Ox)poor (x)a Smat (x)happ ))
(2)Y(Cad4). worvtt (Y
(3) Read (goh)Pror
()VE) (hapy (z)--’ exeitng (z )
lawne torcw
a y (x
peorr (x) Vs Swat(x) v
7ead (Y)V Sma t(Y)
(3)

(5) 7 ka poy ()v exeitug (z)

tha(Jw) (encitig (w)) s the or nst.
We Kae to ve A

logeal.

The rccsatutiow fre b given helow;

po ()vnSmar+()vhatpy()

excitng()v poore (e)v smar ()

Tpoor(Tsl)

-road (Iea)ve*etg(Ieth)

iereitig(w)
* Awmwer exfractiow from
Reasuhon Rtutatia
hybottheis is tue ae
forn.
Thercehove, rtetrimimg wpornatiow ow ttho. cuvicakm mbstihutHiom
nade. mthe esotien rrafutatiow gi ves mtrtion to ihe.
reae. the original
TheaeJL methvd s imolo. reotain
coneui rocordina
tat wsto be proved in to t a t c m l n .
made wthe esgthion
tttoduee atl uiicetiomthat
froeen.
Let w code

where Rdo?
Tue. redicales are:
at (Totw, X) - at (Fdo, x)
at (Tow, brang)
Te lauseo ave

at(tu, ) vat (Rido, x).

at (Jou, lihg.
we kave. to pro.that 4here emtot omeplae, wthore hio io ay

The conauion negate

-(9z) a (Fido, z)=(vz) (at(ido, z)) ¬a(Fido, )
The reensutiow tree io gvew belod :
at(Fdo, ) at(Fldo,z)

at (Fito, x) libramy)

at (Fdo,'brug)
Ausse exfretion trrvlen ow th
 umiicaioo tha! roduee a
Tws a qeneral reou, where 4he

ustauos uidi wtich he wswer. amay be etacde,

) Lvengns kas a partew.

grandpurent
Geve1he pcU J o .1rove t h t Jaw has ca

) (x) (1Y) paent (KY).

(Vx)()(e)r.cut (xY) ^ paent(Y,z)-5 grautparaut X, z)..
b)

W) or, arandareut (Tsu,

(9n) rutuparcetohw,

) pareu, pax)

parcu (,fa(x)
quandpa'eiba, Dpwent (Totuv, Y) purrent(Y, w)

-ipanen (pa(Toh, ) paraut (x, p(x))