INTRODUCTION TO SERVERS

• Server – as a computer on a network that provides services to other computers

on the network.
→ They come in various types, such as file servers, print servers, and web servers.
Servers serve to share files, printers, and websites, respectively, with other
networked devices.

• Differentiating Types of Servers

A. Server Classification:
➢ Office/File Servers: These servers are used in smaller environments, like
offices, to serve a limited number of users. They are not mission-critical, and
their downtime may be inconvenient but not disastrous.
➢ Critical Servers: these servers are essential for businesses and must operate
24/7 without interruption. Failure of a critical server can result in significant
disruptions, making their stability and reliability crucial.

B. Types of Servers:
1. File Server: A server designed to store and share files with other computers
on the network. Users can access and retrieve files from this server.
2. Print Server: A server that is connected to a printer and allows other
computers on the network to print documents through it. It facilitates
centralized printing.
3. Web Server: A server equipped with special software to host and serve
websites to users accessing them over the network. It handles web content
delivery.

• Server Operating Systems

→ Server operating systems, like Windows Server or Linux distributions designed for
servers, are more robust, stable, and secure than their desktop counterparts.
→ They are built to handle a larger number of incoming connections and are
designed for continuous operation.
→ They may lack user-friendly graphical interfaces to enhance security.

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• Server Software Costs
→ Software designed for server operating systems is generally more expensive
than comparable software for desktop systems.
→ For example, backup or utility software may cost significantly more for server
editions.
→ This price difference is due to the additional robustness and scalability required
for server software.

• Server Hardware
→ While it's possible to use regular desktop hardware for servers, specialized server
hardware is designed for reliability, stability, and 24/7 operation.
→ Server hardware is built to handle the demands of a larger number of
concurrent users and is typically more expensive than consumer-grade
hardware.

VIRTUALIZATION EXPLAINED

• Virtualization – in computing is the process of simulating hardware and software,

such as computers, operating systems, storage, and networking. And it does it in
a virtual or software environment.
→ Traditional way a business operates – is by having one machine for one
application.
→ Virtualization – is basically consolidating all of these physical servers with their
different operating systems and applications and running them on just one
physical server in a virtual environment.

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 • HYPER VISROR – software that creates and runs the virtualization.
→ allows one machine to run multiple virtual machines.
→ allocates and controls the sharing of a machine's resources such as storage
space, RAM, CPUs, and so on.

TYPES OF HYPERVISOR
Type I Type II
✓ Installed on bare metal hardware. ✓ Installed and runs on top of an existing
✓ No existing operating system or any other operating system, such as Microsoft
software on the machine. Windows, MAC OS, Linux, Unix, and so on.
✓ The hypervisor is installed on empty, bare ✓ Operating system sits in between the
metal hardware. machine and the hypervisor.
✓ Most common because they are used in ✓ These are typically used on personal
enterprise data centers computers.
▪ To test new software
▪ Try out different operating systems
• Example of a Type I Hypervisor
a. VMware ESXi
b. Citrix Xenserver
c. Microsoft Hyper-V

• Example of a Type II Hypervisor

a. Oracle VM Virtual Box
b. Microsoft Virtual PC
c. VMware Workstation

• Creating Virtual Machines:

1. Allocating the server’s hardware resources.
2. Installing operating System.
3. Installing applications.

• Virtualization Benefits:
1. Saves money on hardware and electricity.
2. Saves money on floor space.
3. Saves money on maintenance and management.

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 4. Portability.
5. Full computing capability
6. Disaster and recovery

VIRTUALIZATION

• Virtualization – “virtual”; software hypervisor

→ Gaming
→ Reduces Cost
→ 60/40 Rule

Server Roles/ Functions/ Services Server Hardware Resources

✓ File/ Print/ Data ✓ CPU = 64 (8 slots * 8 cores)
✓ Email/ Web ✓ RAM = 512GB
✓ Application ✓ Storage =
✓ Database ✓ NIC Badwidth (Network Interface Card) = 640 MBPS
(800 MBPS * 80%)
✓ Domain/ AD (Active Directory)

DOMAIN AD MIS 4
EMAIL/ WEB MIS 3 Virtual
FILE/ PRINT/ DATA MIS 2
APPLICATIONS MIS 1 Physical

60% 40% M1 M2 M3
CPU 64 Cores 38 26 8 10 8
RAM 512 GB 308 204 68 68 68
STORAGE 8 TB 4TB 4 2 1 1
640 384 265 53 150 53
NIC BANDWIDTH
(800*80%)

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 CPU RAM STORAGE BADWIDTH
Domain AD 8 68 1 53
Email/ Web 10 68 1 150
40%
File/Print/Data 8 68 2 53

Application Software 38 308 4 TB 384 60%

TOTAL 64 Cores 512 GB 8 TB 640

SOFTWARE

• Two types of Software:

1. Application Software
2. System Software (Application Platform)

Application Software System Software

✓ Operating System
✓ General
✓ Drivers
✓ Business
✓ Utilities
✓ Custom Development
✓ Language Translations

Servers are essential for providing services within a network.

Server operating systems are tailored for reliability and performance but may lack some user-
friendly features.

Server software for these systems is more costly due to the added functionality and robustness.

Finally, server hardware is built to be highly reliable and is suited for continuous operation,
although it comes at a higher cost than typical desktop hardware.

VMs – can easily be transferred to another physical machine.

- it can push a machine's capacity to its limit and take full advantage of a machine's capability.
1. Hardware
2. Software

Hypervisor – software that creates and runs virtualization

App – single function and single purpose

Application – one purpose and multiple function

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