Al-Ameeria Integrated Technical Education Cluster

Assessment Activity Front Sheet

Criteria Achieved
Criteria P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 M1 M2 D1
Sub. √ √ √ √ √
Re-Sub.

(This front sheet must be completed by the STUDENT where appropriate and included with the work submitted for assessment)

Students Name: Beshoy Samir Fayes khalifa Assessor’s Name: Ms. Aziza
Date Issued: 19-11-2020 Completion Date: 15-12-2020 Submitted on: /12 /2020
Qualification TSS-Vehicle Technology, Y2 Group:
Unit No.: 6 Unit Title: vehicle design and operation of vehicle systems
1 Know the types of vehicle design
Outcome No.: 1,2 Outcome Title: 2 Know the operation of vehicle systems
Assignment No.: 1
Assessment Title: vehicle design and operation of vehicle systems
Part: 1 of 1
In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria.
Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found
Criteria Task To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the Tick Page
reference Number student is able to: if met numbers
P1 1 -Describe two types of vehicle by their body design, their engine
position and power train arrangement.
P2 2 -Describe the operation of a power train system.

P3 3 - Describe the operation of a braking system

P4 4 - Describe the operation of a steering system.

P5 5 - Describe the operation of a suspension system.

6 - Compare vehicle body design, engine position and power

M1 arrangements for two different vehicles.
7 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the braking,
M2 steering and suspension systems of two different vehicles.
8 - Select and justify the vehicle body design, engine position and
D1 power arrangements for two different vehicle applications.
Declaration
“I certify that this assignment is my own work, written in my own words. Any other persons work included in my
assignment is referenced / acknowledged”.
Student’s Name: Beshoy Samir Student’s Signature: Beshoy Samir Date: /11/2020
Fayes khalifa Fayes khalifa

Internal Verifier’s approval to use with students

IV’s Name: Malek Hegazy IV’s Signature: Malek Hegazy Date: 1/11/2020
 Scenario

According to Your work as an assistant technician in automotive manufacturing factory, you

acquired enough experience from working in this field you became able to describe the
vehicle’s body, engine design, and ways to place the engine for more than one vehicle, and
determine the extent of the difference between them within the manufacturing workshop,
according to internationally agreed standard specifications.
With the acquisition of technical skills in the manufacture and assembly of cars and you have
the ability and competence to describe both steering, suspension and brake systems and to
determine the extent of the advantages and disadvantages of these systems through your
experience and technical learning of more than one vehicle.

Malek Hegazy
Task 1 (p1, p2, M1, M2)

- Your factory manufactures the following types of vehicles:

1- heavy goods vehicle (HGV)

2- light goods vehicle (LGV)
3- passenger service vehicles (PSV)
4- light vehicles
5- multi-purpose vehicle

A - Chose two types of vehicles and describe them cording to the body design, their engine
position and power train arrangement? (P1)
B- Compare vehicle body design, engine position and power arrangements for two
different vehicles? (M1)
C- Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the braking, steering and suspension
systems of two different vehicles? (M2)

- The operation line of power train arrangement produces the following types
1- Rear wheel drive
2- Four-wheel drive
3- Front wheel drive

D- Describe the operation of power train arrangement for one system of them? (P2)

Malek Hegazy
Task 2 (p3, p4, p5, D1)

- Describe the operation of the following systems.

A-Braking system) disc brake or drum brake) (P3)

B-Steering system. (P4)
C-Suspension system. (P5)

- For the following applications.

1- passenger service (PSV)
2- personal transfer
3- heavy goods transfer
4- light goods transfer
Choose two applications of the previous four vehicle applications and then Select and
justify the vehicle body design, engine position and power arrangements for the two
selected applications. (D1)

Malek Hegazy
(P1)
No. Type one
Light vehicles
Body design The Materials:-
The light vehicle is made from carbon
fibre, plastic, rubber, and steel for the
chassis.
This car it has four doors and four
chairs and four wheels.
It has also two side mirrors and a roof
This vehicle is characterized by its high
flow capacity due to its design.[1]
Engine The engine is located in the front
position
Power train The car engine converts the thermal
arrangement energy from fuel combustion inside the
engine cylinders to any kinetic energy
then movement goes to the flywheel it’s
essentially a very heavy wheel that
takes a lot of force to spin around and
it’s made of something like a carbon –
fiber and it’s function is to store energy
then the movement goes to gearbox and
the gearbox It gives engine shifts.
Increase engine torque. And Gives
forward and reverse speeds. And Gives
five speeds for the car. And the
movement is transmitted from the
engine to the gearbox by clutch and it’s
transfers torque from the engine to the
gearbox. It performs the process of
separating and connecting the
movement between the engine and the
Type two
Multipurpose passenger vehicle-MPV
The materials:-
The multi-purpose vehicle is made
from titanium, rubber, plastic, carbon
fibre, and steel for chassis.
This car it has four wheels and it
consists of two main doors and sliding
back door and a roof.
And it has also two or three rows of
seats which serve for 6 to 8 passengers.
[1]
The engine is located in the front
The car engine converts the thermal
energy from fuel combustion inside the
engine cylinders to any kinetic energy
then movement goes to the flywheel
it’s essentially a very heavy wheel that
takes a lot of force to spin around and
it's made of something like a carbon -
fiber and it's function is to store energy
then the movement goes to gearbox and
the gearbox It gives engine shifts.
Increase engine torque. and Gives
forward and reverse speeds. and Gives
five speeds for the car. and the
movement is transmitted from the
engine to the gearbox by clutch and it’s
transfers torque from the engine to the
gearbox. It performs the process of
separating and connecting the
movement between the engine and the
gearbox then the movement goes to
drive shaft it’s a vehicle component for
transmitting mechanical power and
torque and rotation, usually used to
connect other components of a
drivetrain that cannot be connected
directly because of distance or the need
to allow for relative movement between
them. And drive shafts frequently
incorporate one or more universal
joints, jaw couplings, or rag joints, and
sometimes a splined joint or prismatic
joint. Then the movement goes to the
differential It has a reduction ratio. The
krone takes the longitudinal movement
from the cardan shaft, turns it into a
rotational movement and then gives it to
the wheels[2]
gearbox then the movement goes to
drive shaft it's a vehicle component for
transmitting mechanical power and
torque and rotation, usually used to
connect other components of a
drivetrain that cannot be connected
directly because of distance or the need
to allow for relative movement between
them. and drive shafts frequently
incorporate one or more universal
joints, jaw couplings, or rag joints, and
sometimes a splined joint or prismatic
joint. then the movement goes to the
differential It has a reduction ratio. The
krone takes the longitudinal movement
from the cardan shaft, turns it into a
rotational movement and then gives it
to the wheels[2]
(P2) Description the operation of power train arrangement for one system of them:-
Rear wheel drive:-
Rear-wheel drive vehicles send all of their power to the wheels in the rear of the vehicle
The car engine converts the thermal energy from fuel combustion inside the engine cylinders to any kinetic
energy then movement goes to the flywheel it’s essentially a very heavy wheel that takes a lot of force to spin
around and it’s made of something like a carbon – fiber and it’s function is to store energy then the movement
goes to gearbox and the gearbox It gives engine shifts. Increase engine torque. And Gives forward and reverse
speeds. And Gives five speeds for the car. And the movement is transmitted from the engine to the gearbox by
clutch and it’s transfers torque from the engine to the gearbox. It performs the process of separating and
connecting the movement between the engine and the gearbox then the movement goes to drive shaft it’s a
vehicle component for transmitting mechanical power and torque and rotation, usually used to connect other
components of a drivetrain that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for
relative movement between them. And drive shafts frequently incorporate one or more universal joints, jaw
couplings, or rag joints, and sometimes a splined joint or prismatic joint. Then the movement goes to the
differential It has a reduction ratio. The krone takes the longitudinal movement from the cardan shaft, turns it
into a rotational movement and then gives it to the wheels[2]
(P3) Braking system:-
Disk brake:-
The brake system in your vehicle allows the driver to slow down or stop in a consistent and reliable manner.
The brakes on your car work by converting the kinetic energy of movement into thermal energy (heat) and
There are two kinds of service brakes, or the brakes that stop your vehicle while driving: disc and drum
brakes.
What’s the main components of disk brake system:-
A disc brake consists of four different parts. These components work together to form a functional and
complete brake system. These parts include brake pad, brake rotor, brake calipers.

How disc brakes works:-

When the driver steps on the brake pedal, the power is amplified by the brake booster (servo system) and
changed into a hydraulic pressure (oil-pressure) by the master cylinder. The pressure reaches the brakes on the
wheels via tubing filled with brake oil (brake fluid). The delivered pressure pushes the pistons on the brakes
of the four wheels. The pistons in turn press the brake pads, which are friction material, against the brake
rotors which rotate with the wheels. The pads clamp on the rotors from both sides and decelerate the wheels,
thereby slowing down and stopping the vehicle.[3]
(P4) Steering system:-
There are two basic types of power steering systems used on vehicles. The rack and pinion steering system
and the conventional/integral steering gear system, which is also known as a recirculating ball steering system.
The rack and pinion steering system is the most commonly used power steering system on todays’ vehicles.

The main component of the steering system:-

The basic parts of the steering system are the same for all cars and trucks: steering wheel, steering column,
universal joint, rack housing, axel, and tie rods.

How the steering system work:-

The steering system will convert the rotary motion of the steering wheel into the angular turn of the front
wheels. This is typically achieved by a series of linkages, rods, pivots and gears. Each wheel is steered with a
pivot point ahead of the wheel; this makes the steering tend to be self center towards the direction of travel
where the steering wheel turns the pinion gear; the pinion moves the rack, which is a linear gear that meshes
with the pinion, converting circular motion into linear motion along the transverse axis of the car (side to side
motion). This motion applies steering torque to the swivel pin ball joints that replaced previously used
kingpins of the stub axle of the steered wheels via tie rods and a short lever arm called the steering arm.[4]
(P5) Suspension system:-
What’s the suspension system components:-
The suspension system consists of knuckle or upright, linkages, springs or shock absorbers, struts, bushing,
bearing, and joints.
Knuckle or Upright-
It is the component of the suspension system that is mounted over the wheel’s hub through which the wheels
and the suspension of the vehicle connect with each other by the linkages provided. A knuckle is provided
with the king-pin and the caster angles that help the front wheels of the vehicle to steer in right or left
direction which in turn steers the vehicle. A knuckle provides housing for central bearing over which the
wheel’s hub rotates along with the rotation of the wheels.
Linkages-
Linkages are the rigid connections that are used in the suspension system to connect the mainframe of the
vehicle with the knuckle of the wheels through mechanical fasteners.
Struts-
Struts are a structural part of the suspension system mounted to the chassis of the vehicle to hold the shocks in
place. They control spring and suspension movement, which keeps tires in contact with the road. Struts are
more expensive, but have a longer life than normal shock absorbers. The McPherson strut suspension system,
which is used by most vehicles today, combines coil springs and shocks into one unit.
Joints/Bearings/Bushings-
These components are what keep the linkages connected to the bigger components. Not only that, but parts
like bearings and bushings enable sliding and twisting actions to be made by certain components too.
Shock absorbers or springs-
They are the flexible mechanical components that are used to absorb shock provided by the road condition and
is placed between the linkages ( wishbone. Solid axle, multi-links) and the mainframe such that the road shock
is minimised before transmitting to the mainframe of a vehicle.
On the basis of the application and type of suspension used shock absorbers are of many types that are-
1-Spring and damper type shock absorber-
It is the type of shock absorber in which a pneumatic or hydraulic piston is known as the damper is used that
provides damping by absorbing the road shocks. This damper is surrounded by a compression coil spring
which is an elastic mechanical constraint that compresses when force is applied by the bump and recoil back
or regains its original shape and size when the force is removed. It is used to maintain the surface contact of
the tyres with the road by providing stiffness (resistance to compress), also maintain the damper at its original
length after absorbing the shock.
2-Leaf spring-
It is the type of spring in which a number of ductile metal plates called leaf are arranged in a special pattern
i.e. one over one in ascending order of their length, leaves of the leaf spring shock absorber are pre-stressed
such that when the shock is transferred by the wheels these pre-stressed leaves being ductile tries to regain
their original shape i.e. straighten,. Due to which shock is absorbed by the leaves. This type of shock absorber
can be easily seen in trucks on the road in which leaf spring shock absorber is used in between the solid or live
axle and the mainframe of the vehicle.
3- Air spring-
It is the latest type of shock absorbers which can be easily seen in Volvo buses, in air spring shock absorbers
the damping of shock is a function of air compression, which means air is used as a shock absorber. The air
needed for different load conditions is controlled and monitored by the Electric control unit of the vehicle.
What’s the suspension system function:-
1-Absorbs and softens jumps and shocks while driving and uneven surface. This both significantly increases
the comfort of driving and strongly reduces loads on the body. Thus, prolongs the lifetime of the mechanisms
and systems of an automobile.
2-Stabilizes an automobile while driving. This is realized by the suspension’s limitation of the car body’s
excessive inclination and provides constant tires contact with the road surface.
3-Keeps the set direction of wheels and movement geometry. It helps keep high control precision while
driving or emergency brake application.[5]
 Reference
1-Halderman, James D., and Chase D. Mitchell. Automotive technology. Pearson, 2014.
2-https://www.yourmechanic.com/article/what-is-rear-wheel-drive
3-https://www.yourmechanic.com/article/how-disc-brakes-work
4-https://www.moogparts.eu/blog/how-a-steering-system-works.html
5-https://www.ingenieriaymecanicaautomotriz.com/suspension-system-components-types-and-working-
principle/

Assessment Feedback / Resubmission Form

Student’s Name: Beshoy Samir Fayes khalifa

Unit No.: 6
Assessment Title:
Unit Title: Vehicle design and operation of vehicle systems. vehicle design and operation of vehicle
systems
Assignment No.: 1

Part: 1 of 1

Criteria Comments Re- Achieved

Assessment Criteria Achieved Evidence Resubmission
Reference /feedback Sub
 -Describe two types of vehicle by their body
P1 design, their engine position and power train Yes/No Report Yes/No
arrangement.

P2 -Describe the operation of a power train system. Yes/No Report Yes/No

P3 - Describe the operation of a braking system Yes/No Report Yes/No

P4 - Describe the operation of a steering system. Yes/No Report Yes/No

P5 - Describe the operation of a suspension system. Yes/No Report Yes/No

- Compare vehicle body design, engine position
M1 and power arrangements for two different Yes/No Report Yes/No
vehicles.
- Compare the advantages and disadvantages of
M2 the braking, steering and suspension systems of Yes/No Report Yes/No
two different vehicles.
- Select and justify the vehicle body design,
D1 engine position and power arrangements for two Yes/No Report Yes/No
different vehicle applications.

Assessor’s General Comments:

Assessor’s Name: Signature: Date:

Student’s Comments:

Student’s Name: Beshoy Samir Fayes khalifa Signature: Beshoy Samir Fayes Date
khalifa
Authorised by HoD/ L IV to resubmission
HoD’s Name: Signature: Date

Student's Work has been Internally Verified

IV’s Name: IV’s Signature: Date: /11/2020

(This feedback sheet must be completed by the ASSESSOR where appropriate)