Maths - IX - MPI

PROGRESSIONS

Aaditya S Chougale

Definition : Arithmetic Progression (AP)

A sequence , in which and for each , , is called an arithmetic
progression. The number is the common difference of the A.P.

The first term and the common difference completely determine a given A.P.

term of an AP

Sum of first terms of an AP Reverse and add Technique

FT First Term LT= Last Term

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Theorem1 : Let be an A.P. Let be the common difference of . Let . For

each natural number . Let . Then
(1) is also an A.P. and its common difference is .
(2) is also an A.P. and its common difference is .

Definition : Arithmetic Means

Let and . We say that numbers, , are arithmetic means between
and if are in AP.

Theorem2 :
Let . Then mentioned in above definition in terms of and .
Let the common difference of the desired A.P. be . Then
and .
Hence
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Definition : Geometric Progression (GP)

A sequence in which and for each , is called a Geometric
Progression (G.P.). The number is called the common ratio of the G.P.

term of an GP

Sum of first terms of an GP Slide and Subtract Technique)

But when and

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Theorem3 : Let be a G.P. Let be its common ratio. Let and
For each let and then
(1) need not be a G.P.
(2) is a G.P. and its common ratio is .

Symmetric Fourth Degree Polynomial:

Substitution will lead to a quadratic in .

Arithmetic, Geometric, Harmonic Means:

Let .
is called Arithmetic Mean (AM) of and iff form A.P.
is called Geometric Mean (GM) of and iff form G.P.
is called Harmonic Mean (HM) of and iff form A.P.

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Also,

AM GM Inequality

Summation Notation :

is called the summation index.

Read it as sigma to .

Properties of Sigma Notation:

(1) .

(2) .

(3) .

(4)

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Telescoping Technique
Express the given Expression as difference of 2 consecutive terms.

Consider AP with and common difference . Let

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