Biological Molecules Medium

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Biological Molecules
Question Paper
Course Edexcel IGCSE Biology

Section 2. Structure & Function in Living Organisms
Topic Biological Molecules
Difficulty Medium
Time Allowed 60
Score /42
Percentage /100
Page 1 of 11
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Question 1
Some cosmetic companies claim that adding argan oil to their shampoo increases the strength of human hair.
Design an investigation to find out if argan oil shampoo does increase the strength of human hair.
Include experimental details in your answer and write in full sentences.
[6 marks]
Question 2a
Describe the structure of a protein such as an enzyme.
[3 marks]
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Question 2b
The mechanism of enzyme action is often described as being like a 'lock and key'.
Describe the mechanism of enzyme action.
[4 marks]
Question 2c
During the digestive process, digestive enzymes break down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
Explain the role that digestive enzymes play in sustaining respiration in cells of the body.
[2 marks]
Page 3 of 11
Question 3a
Yeast cells are often used when making bread.
A student uses this method to investigate the effect of temperature on the height that bread dough rises.
Place dough containing flour, sugar, water and yeast into a measuring cylinder
Measure the height of the dough
Place the measuring cylinder in a 25 °C water bath
Measure the height of the dough after two hours
Repeat the experiment at temperatures of 35 °C and 65 °C
The diagram shows the student’s apparatus.
The table shows the student’s results.
Height of dough in mm Percentage (%)

Temperature in °C increase in height of
At start After two hours dough
25 25 35 40
35 25 45
65 25 27 8
Calculate the percentage increase in the height of the dough after two hours at a temperature of 35 °C.
[2 marks]
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Question 3b
Explain why yeast causes the bread dough to increase in height.
[2 marks]
Question 3c
Explain why the dough rises to a different height at 25 °C compared with the height at 35 °C.
[2 marks]
Question 3d
Explain why the dough rises to a different height at 35 °C compared with the height at 65 °C.
[2 marks]
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Question 4a
The graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme.
Describe and explain the trend of the graph.

[4 marks]
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Question 4b
What evidence from the graph is part (a) indicates that the enzyme being studied is not likely to be one found in the human
body.
[2 marks]
Question 4c
A group of students wanted to investigate the effect that temperature has on the activity of pepsin, a protease found in
the human digestive system.
They used the following method:
1. Put 4 cm3 of 1% protein solution into a boiling tube.
2. Put 4 cm3 of pepsin solution into a second boiling tube. Put both boiling tubes into a water bath at 20 °C.
3. After 4 minutes, add the pepsin solution to the protein solution together in one boiling tube, mixing together with a
stirring rod.
4. After 20 seconds, add a drop of the mixture to a drop of Biuret solution in one well of a spotting tile.
5. Repeat step 5 until the Biuret solution no longer changes colour.
6. Repeat steps 1 – 6 at 10 °C (using an ice water bath), 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C.
Why did the student leave the protein and pepsin solutions in the water bath for 4 minutes in step 3?
[1 mark]
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Question 4d
The image below shows the incomplete results of the experiment carried out in part (c).
Complete the image below to show the results you would expect at 30 °C and at 40 °C
You should write a tick or a cross in each well of the spotting tile.
[2 marks]
Question 4e
(e) State where in the digestive system protease is secreted.
(1)
[1 mark]
Page 8 of 11
Question 5a
The table shows four samples of food that were tested for glucose (reducing sugar) using the Benedict's test.
Test number Contents
1 Water
2 Potato juice
3 Dilute orange juice
4 Glucose sports drink e.g. Lucozade™
The results were observed as follows:
The Benedict's test is referred to as being semi-quantitative.

Use the information provided to suggest what the term 'semi-quantitative' means.
[2 marks]
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Question 5b
Explain the purpose of the test tube containing just water in the experiment shown in part (a).
[2 marks]
Question 5c
Explain why the test for lipids is known as an emulsion test.
[2 marks]
Question 5d
Predict the colour changes (if any) of the iodine test on the food samples shown below:
Food sample Iodine test result
Bagel
Eggs
Fish
Rice
Grapefruit
[3 marks]
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Course Edexcel IGCSE Biology

The table shows the student’s results.

Height of dough in mm Percentage (%)

Describe and explain the trend of the graph.

Test number Contents

3 Dilute orange juice

4 Glucose sports drink e.g. Lucozade™

The results were observed as follows:

The Benedict's test is referred to as being semi-quantitative.

Food sample Iodine test result

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