Advanced Materials Research Online: 2012-02-27

ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 472-475, pp 2717-2721

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.472-475.2717
© 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland

Vibration Analysis of Radial Drilling Machine Structure

Using Finite Element Method

Rajiv Kumar1, a, M.P.Garg2, b, Dr. R.C.Sharma3, c

1
Department of Mechanical Engineering,MVEC,Yamuna nagar,Haryana,India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering,MMU,Mullana,Haryana,India
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering,MMU,Mullana,Haryana,India
a
rajivpansra@gmail.com, bmpgarg@yahoo.com, cer_rcs2000@yahoo.co.in

Keywords: Vibration analysis; Drilling machine; -shaped structure; Two-noded frame element;
Finite element method.

Abstract
Manufacturing industries now a days have stringent expectation from the machine tools in terms of
productivity as well as quality of products.Vibration plays an important role in determining the
quality of product.If the pattern of vibration prevailing in the machine tool during cutting is
known,then machine tool structure can be designed in such a way so that natural frequency of
machine tool structure can be isolated from the forced frequency.So, this study is focussed on finding
the natural frequency and mode shapes of radial drilling machine structure.Finite element analysis has
been done to find out the natural frequencies and mode shapes of radial drilling machine
structure.Assembled mass and stiffness matrices are obtained for each element and solved by using
inverse iteration technique.

Introduction
The increasing demand for accuracy and output has caused vibration problems to gain importance.
Both Forced and Sustained Vibrations are known to be prejudicial to accuracy and output. All
machine tools give rise to vibrations. Deterioration in machine condition always produces a
corresponding increase in vibration levels. Vibration signals have proved to be one of the most
reliable parameter used in machine health monitoring to check machine condition. The purpose of
vibration analysis of machine tool structure is to sustain the useful oscillations and destroy the
unwanted ones.The motive behind this study is that if natural frequency of a machine tool structure is
known before hand,then forced frequencies obtained during cutting can be isolated from the natural
frequency to avoid resonance.
A no. of researchers has adressed sililar types of problems.Bellman et al. [1] purposed Differential
quadrature (DQ) method for vibration analysis of plates. This method was later used by Leiw et al. [2]
for vibration analysis of rectangular plates.Wei [3] used discrete singular convolution (DSC) method
for analysis of mechanical behavior of plates. R.S. Bais et al. [4] developed updated FE models of a
drilling machine using analytical and experimental results. Analytical FE modeling had been done
using I-DEAS software. Nanda et al.[5] found the natural frequencies and mode shapes for vibration
analysis of upright drilling machine. A method for analyzing lateral vibrations in a milling machine
spindle was presented including finite-element modeling (FEM), by M. Rantatalo et al. [6].Dynamic
characteristics of XK717 CNC milling machine were analyzed using the finite element method by
Weiwei et al. [7]. H. Nguyen-Xuan et al. [8] studied an edge-based smoothed finite element method
(ES-FEM) with the discrete shear gap (DSG) method for static, free vibration and buckling analyses
of Reissner–Mindlin plates using 3-node triangular elements.E.S. Ventsel et al. [9] described the
method of determining the normal modes of vibrations and natural frequencies of elastic shells of
revolution with an arbitrary meridian, partially filled with a fluid.

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2718 Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ICMSE 2012

Problem Formulation of Radial Drlling Machine Structure

The basic matrix equation for dynamics of a system is given by
[M]{ẍ}+[C]{ẋ}+[K]{x}=[q] (1)
Assuming un-damped free vibration, harmonic motion,equation (1) becomes to
[K]-λ[M] {X} = 0 (2)
where [K]=stiffness matrix,[M]=mass matrix
Equation (2), eigenvalue problem can be solved using inverse iteration scheme for finding the
natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes.
When the length of the element is parallel to x-axis stiffness matrix for a frame element is given
by
[k]e = A∫0ℓ [B]T [D] [B] dx (3)
Where [K]e = Elemental stiffness matrix, [B] = [L] [N], [L] = [-d2/dx2], D= E*I
Where [L]= Shape function of frame element, I= mass moment of inertia and E= Youngs modulus of
elasticity.

When the length of the element is parallel to x-axis mass matrix for a frame element is given by
[m]e= A∫0ℓ ρ [N]T [N] dx (4)
When the length of the element is parallel to y-axis, then rows and columns of elemental mass and
stiffness matrices, corresponding to x and y directions are interchanged.
The simplified structure of radial drilling machine ( ), which is considered for FE analysis is shown
in figure 1 with dimensions. All dimensions of the structure are in mm.

Figure1 Structure for FE analysis Figure 2 The ‘ ’

- Structure with node numbers

Eigen values and eigen vectors are found by using a program in C language..
ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
The various steps in the finite element vibration analysis of a stature as follows:
1. Structure is divided into seventeen two-noded frame element and eighteen nodes. Each node
has two displacements and a rotational degree of freedom. Therefore each element has six
degree of freedom and total structure is having 54 degrees of freedom. The discretized
structure is shown in figure 2.
2. Elemental connectivity table is prepared for the structure, which shows that which element is
connected to which pair of nodes.
3. Elemental mass matrices and stiffness matrices are computed using equations 3 and 4.
4. Using conventional rules of assembly in FEM,system mass and stiffness matrices are
obtained.
5. System mass and stiffness matrices are modified according to boundary condition, which for
the present work is that, the displacements at the fixed node are zero.
6. The eigen value thus obtained can be solved using inverse iteration technique.
 Advanced Materials Research Vols. 472-475 2719

Vibration Analysis of Radial Drilling Machine Structure

Following assumptions are made in the vibration analysis of radial drilling machine structure:
• The drilling machine structure is considered two dimensional.
• The joints are assumed to be rigid and the structure is considered to be one piece.
• Damping is neglected.
• Switches,broader base of the machine, motor driving the drill are not considered, since these
in no way contribute towards the rigidity of the drill machine structure.
• Displacements at the grounded mode are assumed to be zero.
Figure 3 shown a radial drilling machine. It is modeled as a ‘ ’ Structure as shown in figure 2.
• Framed structure(figure2) is
discretized into 17 elements and 18
nodes.
• Element numbers 8,9,10,11,12,13 of
the framed structure(figure 2) represent
the column of drilling machine
structure. The column of the drilling
machine is tapered more width near to
the pillar and less width at end. So,
total length of arm is divided into six
frame elements having same length and
different width as shown in figure 4
Figure 3 Radial Drilling Machine and figure 5.

The FE model of the radial drilling machine

structure is obtained as discussed below:

Figure 4 Column of drilling machine structure Figure 5 Frame elements representing the
column of drilling machine
These six elements will approximate the shape of column of drilling machine structure.
• Element numbers 14, 15, 16 of the framed structure (fig. 2) represent the drilling head
structure of radial drilling machine. Frame type elements having rectangular cross section are
taken.
• Element numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 of the framed structure represent pillar of drilling machine
structure. Pillar of drilling machine is having circular cross-section.
• Base for drilling machine is represented by element no. 0 of the framed structure. The element
is having circular cross-section.
RESUTLS AND DISCUSSION
From figure 6, it is seen that in the fundamental mode shape (corresponding to fundamental natural
frequency 35.68 Hz) node no. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 & 8 (refer fig 2 & all correspond to pillar of radial drilling
machine structure) shows displacements along positive x-axis from the corresponding positions on
the un-deformed machine structure. Node no. 9, 10,11,12,13 and 14 (which corresponds to column of
drilling machine) shows displacements below the un-deformed structure .Node no. 15,16,12 and
17(drilling head of radial drilling machine structure) shows displacements to the right side of the
corresponding positions on the un-deformed machine structure.
2720 Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ICMSE 2012

Table1First three natural frequencies obtained

from C program
Mode No. Frequency (Hz)

1 35.68
2 52.24
3 318.7 Figure 6 First three mode shapes of the
structure
In the 2nd mode shape (around 2nd natural frequency 52.24 Hz), node no. 9, 10,11,12,13 shows
displacements above the un-deformed machine structure, where as node no. 14(all correspond to
column of radial drilling machine) is overlapping with the un-deformed machine structure. Nodes
corresponding to pillar of drilling machine (i.e. node no. 2,3,4,5,6,7,8) shows displacement along
negative x-axis from the un-deformed structure and node no.1 is overlapping with the un-deformed
structure.Drilling head(i.e. element no.14,15,16 fig. 2) vibrates left side of the un-deformed structure.
In the 3rd mode shape (corresponding to third natural frequency 318.7 Hz), column of radial drilling
machine (i.e. node no. 9,10,11,12,13,14) vibrates above the un-deformed drilling structure. Nodes
corresponding to pillar of drilling machine (i.e. node no. 1,2,3,4,5) shows displacement along
negative x-axis from the un-deformed structure, where as node no.6,7 are overlapping with
un-deformed structure and node no. 8 shows displacement in positive x-axis from the un-deformed
machine structure. Element no. 14, 15 vibrates right side, where as element no.16 (all correspond to
drilling head of machine structure) vibrates left side of the un-deformed machine structure.So, from
fig.6, by studying the first three mode shape, the vibration pattern of drilling machine structure can be
visualized.

CONCLUSION
Based upon the results and discussions presented in this paper, following conclusions may be drawn.
a) It is observed that at fundamental frequency of the machine structure at various positions,
pillar of radial drilling machine structure vibrates most of times along positive x-axis with
maximum displacement, column of radial drilling machine structure vibrates below and
drilling head of radial drilling machine structure vibrates right side of the corresponding
positions on the un-deformed structure.
b) At higher natural frequencies i.e. from 3rd natural frequency and onwards, pillar of radial
drilling machine structure vibrates very close to un-deformed positions along positive or
negative x-axis, column of radial drilling machine structure vibrates below the corresponding
positions on the un-deformed structure and drill head of radial drilling machine structure
vibrates right side with some elements and at the same time left side with rest of the elements
from the corresponding positions on the un-deformed structure.
c) In the 2nd mode shape (around 2nd natural frequency), it is observed that pillar of radial drilling
machine structure vibrates along negative x-axis, column of radial drilling machine structure
vibrates below and above and drilling head of radial drilling machine structure vibrates left
side of the corresponding positions on the un-deformed structure.
 Advanced Materials Research Vols. 472-475 2721

References
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[4] R.S. Bais,A.K. Gupta,B.C.Nakra,T.K.Kundra: Studies in dynamic design of drilling machine
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Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ICMSE 2012
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.472-475

Vibration Analysis of Radial Drilling Machine Structure Using Finite Element Method
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.472-475.2717