Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

MATHEMATICS – GRADE 10
Fourth Quarter, Week 1&2
Module Number: 7

QUANTILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

Learning Competency

LEARNING COMPETENCY AND CODE

• Illustrates the following measures of position: Quartiles, Deciles
and Percentiles (M10SP-IVa-1)
• Calculates a specified measure of position of a set of data.
(M10SP-IVb-1)
• Interprets measures of position (M10SP-IVc-1)
• Solves problems involving measures of position. (M10SP-IVd-e-1)

Address: D. Macapagal Highway, Poblacion, Toledo City

Tel. No.: (032) 322-7770; Fax. No.: (032) 467-8629;
Email Address: toledo.city@deped.gov.ph

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 Mini-Lesson

What is an Ungrouped Data?

An ungrouped data is a set of data which has not been classified or has not been
subdivided in the form of groups. This type of data is totally the raw data. Ungrouped data is just
in the form of number list. It is the data collected in original form. We can say that ungrouped data
is an array of numbers.

In dealing with an ungrouped data set, the first thing that we need to do is to arrange the
elements in ascending order and take note of the number of elements which we will denote
as n.

ILLUSTRATING THE QUARTILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

The quartiles are three values which divide a distribution into four equal parts. Twenty-five
percent (25%) of the distribution are below the first quartile, fifty percent (50%) are below the
second quartile, and seventy-five percent (75%) are below the third quartile. Q1 is called the lower
quartile and Q3 is the upper quartile.

This means that,

• 25% of the data has a value that is less than or equal to the Q1 value
• 50% of the data has a value that is less than or equal to the Median or the Q2 value
• 50% of all the data lies between Q1 & Q2
• 75% of the data has a value that is less than or equal to the Q3 value

Remember:

If a measurement falls to the right of the Upper Quartile of a set of data, then we know
that it is in the top 25% of the data.
• We also know that it is better than at least 75% of the data.
If a measurement falls to the left of the Lower Quartile of a set of data, then we know
that it is in the bottom 25% of the data
• We also know that it is worse than at least 75% of the data.
We say that, Q1< Q2< Q3, where Q2 is nothing but the Median.
The Q2 value is greater When we say Median, it is the middle value when the number
than the Q1 value but of scores is odd or the average of the two middle values when the
less than the Q3 value.
number of scores in the distribution is even.

The difference between Q3 and Q1 is the Interquartile Range.

https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/students-thought-bubble.html

Since the second quartile is equal to the median, the steps in the computation of median
by identifying the median class is the same as the steps in identifying the Q 1 class and
the Q3 class.

Let’s have a walk-through on

the activity you had earlier.
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 raw data: 8 , 2 , 5 , 4 , 8 , 5 , 7 , 1 , 3 , 6 , 9

1. The elements of the given data were arranged in ascending order.

2. The number of elements (n) was noted. n = 11 (odd)
3. With an odd number of elements, it is easy to locate the middle value or the Median (Q2).
4. With the array of numbers arranged in increasing order, counting from 1 to 11 will give you
6 as the middle position. The value or the number sitting on the 6th position is the value of
your Q2 which is 5.
5. This means that, the values of 50% of the data is less than or equal to 5.
6. Counting the number of elements to the left and to the right of Q 2 shows that there are 5
positions on both sides. First to fifth Positions on the left of Q2 and seventh to eleventh
position to its right.
7. Remember that Q1 is always less than Q2; therefore, Q1 is located at the left of Q2. On the
other hand, Q3 is always greater than Q2; therefore, Q3 is always at the right of Q2.
8. To locate Q1, check the middle value from the first to the fifth position. This value sits on
the third position. So, Q1 is 3.
9. This means that, the values of 25% of the data is less than or equal to 3.
10. To locate Q3, check the middle value from the seventh to the eleventh position. This value
sits on the ninth position. So, Q3 is 8.
11. This means that, the values of 75% of the data is less than or equal to 8.
12. This means that, the values of 75% of the data is less than or equal to 8.

That was fun and easy right?

Now, how about we try it on a
real-life scenario?

Sample Problem:

The owner of a coffee shop recorded the number of customers who came into his café each hour
in a day. The results were 14, 10, 12, 9, 17, 5, 8, 9, 14, 10, and 11. Find the lower quartile and
upper quartile of the data.

5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17

• Arrange the data in ascending order: 5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17
• The least value in the data is 5 and the greatest value in the data is 17.
• Number of elements (n) is 11 (odd)
• The middle value (Q2) in the data is 10 which is on the 6th position.
Interpretation: This means that, 50% or ½ of the 11 hours that the coffee shop is open,
have less than or equal to 10 customers coming in each hour.
• The lower quartile (Q1) is the value that is between the middle value (10) and the least
value (5) in the data set. So, the lower quartile is 9.
Interpretation: This means that, 25% or ¼ of the 11 hours that the coffee shop is open,
have less than or equal to 9 customers coming in each hour.
• The upper quartile (Q3) is the value that is between the middle value and the greatest
value in the data set. So, the upper quartile is 14.

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 Interpretation: This means that, 75% or ¾ of the 11 hours that the coffee shop is
open, have less than or equal to 14 customers coming in each hour.

This time, you will learn to locate the Lower

and Upper Quartiles when their positions
are of no exact values. To do so, you are
going to compute for their positions first.

Mendenhall and Sincich Method

Mendenhall and Sincich, in their text _Statistics for Engineering and the
Sciences_, define a different method of finding quartile values. To apply their method on
a data set with n elements, first calculate:

𝒌
Position of Qk = 𝟒 (𝒏 + 𝟏) Where: k = kth Quartile (can be 1, 2 or 3)
n = number of elements or given scores
***Quartiles divide the distribution into 4 equal parts

𝟏
Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1 = 𝟒 (𝒏 + 𝟏) and round to the nearest integer. If L
falls halfway between two integers, round up. The Lth element is the lower quartile value
(Q1).

𝟑
Next calculate: Upper Quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = 𝟒 (𝒏 + 𝟏) and round to the nearest
integer. If U falls halfway between two integers, round down. The Uth element is the upper
quartile value (Q3).

So for our example data set: {1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31} and n = 9.

Applying the first method that we have used, the above illustration shows that we do not have
exact values for Q1 and Q3 since both of their positions fall in between elements. This calls for
another approach, the Mendenhall and Sincich Method.

𝟏
To find Q1, locate its position using the formula 𝟒 (𝒏 + 𝟏) and round off to the nearest integer.
1
Position of Q1 = 4 (𝑛 + 1)
1 The computed Q1 position value, 2.5 becomes 3
= 4 (9 + 1)
after rounding up. The lower quartile value (Q1)
1
= 4 (10) is the 3rd data element, so Q1 = 7.
Position of Q1 = 𝟐. 𝟓

Similarly:
3
Position of Q3 = 4 (𝑛 + 1)
3
= 4 (9 + 1)
The computed Q3 position value, 7.5 becomes 7
3
= 4 (10) after rounding down. The upper quartile value
Position of Q3 = 𝟕. 𝟓 (Q3) is the 7th data element, so Q3 = 27.

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 Using the Mendenhall and Sincich Method, the upper quartile (Q3) and lower
quartile (Q1) values are always two of the given data elements.

Using the same data, we are going to use

another approach called the Linear
Interpolation and see if it will yield the
same results with the previous method that
we used.

So for our sample data set: {1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31} and n = 9.

Applying the first method that we have used, the above illustration shows that we do not
have exact values for Q1 and Q3 since both of their positions fall in between two elements.
This time, we solve first for the positions of our lower (Q1) and upper (Q3) quartiles and
then, instead of rounding off values, we will be using Linear Interpolation.

Interpolation is an estimation of a value within two known values in a sequence of

values. Using interpolation method sometimes (but not always) produces the same results.

To find Q1, locate its position using the To find Q3, locate its position using the
𝟏 𝟑
formula: (𝒏 + 𝟏). formula: (𝒏 + 𝟏).
𝟒 𝟒
1 3
Position of Q1 = 4 (𝑛 + 1) Position of Q3 = 4 (𝑛 + 1)
1 3
= 4 (9 + 1) = 4 (9 + 1)
1 3
= 4 (10) = 4 (10)
Position of Q1 = 𝟐. 𝟓 Position of Q3 = 𝟕. 𝟓

Since the computed Q1 position value 2.5, is a Since the computed Q3 position value 7.5, is a
decimal number, interpolation is needed. decimal number, interpolation is needed.

Steps of Interpolation Steps of Interpolation

* Q1 lies between the 2nd data from the 3rd data
Step 1. Subtract the smaller number or the
2nd data from the bigger number or the 3rd
data: 7–3=4
Step 2. Multiply the result of step 1 by the
decimal part obtained in the computed
Position of Q1: 4(0.5) = 2
Step 3. Add the result in step 2, to the 2nd or
smaller number: 3+2=5
Therefore, the value of Q1 = 5.
* Q3 lies between the 7th data from the 8th data
Step 1. Subtract the smaller number or the
7th data from the bigger number or the 8th
data: 30 – 27 = 3
Step 2. Multiply the result of step 1 by the
decimal part obtained in the computed
Position of Q3: 3(0.5) = 1.5
Step 3. Add the result in step 2, to the 7th or
smaller number: 27 + 1.5 = 28.5
Therefore, the value of Q3 = 28.5.

As stated above, these methods sometimes (but not always) produce the same results.

Good Job! I’m sure you did great with the

above activity!
Are you now ready to learn another type of
measure of position for Ungrouped Data? Ok
then, Let’s get started!

The Deciles for Ungrouped Data

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 The deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten equal
parts. They are deciles and are denoted as D1, D2, D3,…, D9. They are computed in the same
way that the quartiles are calculated.

𝒌
Position of Dk = 𝟏𝟎 (𝒏 + 𝟏) Where: k = kth Decile (can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10)
n = number of elements or given scores
***Deciles divide the distribution into 10 equal parts
Example 1: Find the 3rd Decile or D3 and the 7th Decile or D7 of the following test scores of a random
sample of ten students: 35 , 42 , 40 , 28 , 15 , 23 , 33 , 20 , 18 and 28.

• First, arrange the scores in ascending order.

15 18 20 23 28 28 33 35 40 42

𝒌
• To find the position of D3, use the formula (𝒏 + 𝟏) and round off to the nearest
𝟏𝟎
integer.
Use: k = 3 since we are looking for the 3rd decile or D3
n = 10 since there are 10 given scores
10 = constant since Deciles divide the distribution into 10 equal parts
3
Position of D3 = 10 (𝑛 + 1)
3
= 10 (10 + 1) The computed D3 position value, 3.3 becomes 3
3 after rounding off. The 3rd decile or D3 value is
= 10 (11)
the 3rd data element, so D3 = 20.
Position of D3 = 𝟑. 𝟑  3
Thirty percent (30%) of the students’ scores are less than or equal to 20.

𝒌
To find the position of D7, use the formula (𝒏 + 𝟏) and round off to the nearest integer.
𝟏𝟎

Use: k = 7 since we are looking for the 7th Decile or D7

n = 10 since there are 10 given scores
***Deciles 7 divide the distribution into 10 equal parts
Position of D7 = 10 (𝑛 + 1)
7 The computed D7 position value, 7.7 becomes 8
= 10 (10 + 1) after rounding off. The 7th decile or D7 value is
7
= 10 (11) the 8th data element, so D7 = 35.
Position of D7 = 𝟕. 𝟕  8
Seventy percent (70%) of the students’ scores are less than or equal to 35.
Example 2: Mrs. Garcia gave a test to her students in Mathematics. The students finished their
test in 35 minutes. This time is the 2.5th decile of the allotted time. What does this mean?

2.5th Decile
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/vector-illustration-
35 minutes
students-taking-exam-class-269454146
*Notice that 2.5th Decile (D2.5) is equal to the 1st Quartile (Q1).
Explanation:

This means that, 25% of the learners finished the test in less than or equal to 35 minutes.
Seventy-five percent (75%) of the learners finished the exam in more than 35 minutes. A low
quartile considered good, because it means the students finished the test in a short period of time.

Example 3: Belinda is a secretary in one of the big companies in Cebu City. Her salary
is in the 7.5th decile. Should Belinda be glad about her salary or not? Explain your answer.

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Illustration:

7.5th Decile
Belinda’s salary
Explanation:
*Notice that 7.5th Decile (D7.5) is equal to the 3rd Quartile (Q3).
Seventy-five percent (75%) of the employees receive a salary that is less than or equal
to her salary and 25% of the employees receive a salary that is greater than her salary. Belinda
should be pleased with her salary.

Time to Record
Mrs. Marasigan is a veterinarian. One morning, she asked her secretary to record the service time
for 15 customers. Find the value of the 2nd decile, 6th decile, and 8th decile if these are the recorded
service times in minutes:
20, 35, 55, 28, 46, 32, 25, 56, 55, 28, 37, 60, 47, 52, 17

So far, you have already learned that Quartiles are

the 3 values which divide that data into 4 equal
parts and Deciles are the 9 values which divide that
data into 10 equal parts. This time, you will learn
about the Quantile that divides the data into 100
equal parts, the Percentiles.
The Percentile for Ungrouped Data

The percentiles are the ninety-nine score points which divide a distribution into one hundred
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equal parts, so that each part represents the data set. It is used to characterize values according to
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the percentage below them. For example, the first percentile (P1) separates the lowest 1% from the other
99%, the second percentile (P2) separates the lowest 2% from the other 98%, and so on.

The percentiles determine the value for 1%, 2%,…, and 99% of the data. P30 or 30th
percentile of the data means 30% of the data have values less than or equal to P30.

The 1st decile is the 10th percentile (P10). It means 10% of the data is less than or
equal to the value of P10 or D1, and so on.

Example: Find the 30th percentile or P30 of the following test scores of a random sample of ten
students: 35, 42, 40, 28, 15, 23, 33, 20, 18, and 28.

To solve, arrange first the scores from the lowest to the highest (ascending order).

Illustration:

15 18 20 23 28 28 33 35 40 42

𝒌
• To find the position of P30, use the formula (𝒏 + 𝟏) and round off to the nearest
𝟏𝟎𝟎
integer.
Use: k = 30 since we are looking for the 30th percentile or P30
n = 10 since there are 10 given scores
*** Percentiles divide the distribution
7 into 100 equal parts
 30
Position of P30 = 100 (𝑛 + 1)
30
= 100 (10 + 1) The computed P30 position value, 3.3 becomes
30 3 after rounding off. The 30th percentile or P30
= 100 (11)
value is the 3rd data element, so P30 = 20.
Position of P30 = 𝟑. 𝟑  3
Thirty percent (30%) of the students’ scores are less than or equal to 20.
Percentiles are generally used with large sets of data so that dividing it up to 100 equal
parts seems realistic.

P84
Suppose a test mark is calculated to be at the 84th percentile,
• Then we know that 84% of the people who took the test got the same mark or less than
the test mark.
• We know that 16% of the people who took the test scored higher than the test mark.
Sometimes,
✓ Low percentile = Good
✓ High percentile = Good, It depends on the context…

Example: A learner is given a test back. He got a mark of 33. Is this a good or a bad mark?
• Not sure.
✓ If out of 35, it is a good mark.
 If out of 100, it is a bad mark.
Suppose we know this mark is at the 98th percentile. Is this mark good or bad?
✓ It means that the learner did better than 98% of the rest of the learners.
Suppose we know this mark is at the 3rd percentile. Is this mark good or bad?
 This means that the learner did better than 3% of the rest of the learners.
In an exam, you want a mark that is better than the majority of your classmates ---so you
want a high percentile. e.g. You want 90% of your classmates to get a mark that is less than or
equal to yours.

Learning Activity Sheet: WEEK 8

Directions: Read and understand each question carefully. Write your answer in a 1 whole sheet
of paper.(Explain your answer).

1. The median score is also the

A. 75th percentile B. 5th decile C. 3rd decile D. 1st quartile
2. The lower quartile is equal to
A. 50th percentile B. 25th percentile C. 2nd decile D. 3rd quartile
3. In the set of scores 14, 17, 10, 22, 19, 24, 8, 12, and 19, the median score is ___.
A. 17 B. 15 C. 16 D. 13
4. In a 70-item test, Melody got a score of 50 which is the third quartile. This means
that:
A. She got the highest score.
B. Her score is higher than 25 of his classmates.
C. She surpassed 75% of his classmates.
D. Seventy-five percent of the class did not pass the test.
5. The 1st quartile of the ages of 250 fourth year students is 16 years. Which of the
following statements is true?
A. Most of the students are below 16 years old.
B. Seventy-five percent of the students are 16 years old and above.
C. Twenty-five percent of the students are 16 years old.
D. One hundred fifty students are younger than 16 years.
6. When a distribution is divided into hundred equal parts, each score point that
describes the distribution is called a ___________.
A. percentile B. decile C. quartile D. median
7. In a 100-item test, the passing mark is the 3rd quartile. What does it imply?
A. The students should answer at least 75 items correctly to pass the test.
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 B. The students should answer at least 50 items correctly to pass the test.
C. The students should answer at most 75 items correctly to pass the test.
D. The students should answer at most 50 items correctly to pass the test.
For items 8-11, Using Linear Interpolation, calculate the first quartile, third quartile, 4th decile and
7th decile in the following data: 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 11, 13, 15

8. What is the first quartile of the data above?

A.2.5 B.3 C.3.25 D.4

9. What is the computed value of the third quartile?

A. 5 B. 11 C. 12.5 D.14
10. Which of the following number above is the fourth decile?
A.4 B. 4.6 C.5 D. 5.5

11. What is the value of the seventh decile?

A.10 B. 11 C. 11.6 D.13

For items 12 to 15, consider the score distribution of 15 students given below:

83 72 87 79 82 77 80 73 86 81 79 82 79 74 74

12. The median score is _______________.

A. 80 B. 82 C. 73 D. 79

13. The lower quartile is ________________.

A. 74 B. 72 C. 86 D. 79

14. The value of the 2nd decile is ____.

A. 74 B. 85 C. 72 D. 83

15. The median in the score distribution for items 11 to 14 can also be interpreted as _______.
A. Seven students scored above 79.
B. Seven students scored below 79.
C. Seven students scored below and seven students scored above 79.
D. Fourteen students scored below 79.