#

A female patient has scalded her hand with boiling water. The affected skin area became red, swollen
and painful. This effect is caused by accumulation of the following substance:
%100!%Histamine
%0%Lysine
%0%Thiamine
%0%Glutamine
%0%Asparagine

#
Mother had noticed her 5-year-old child’s urine to become dark in colour. Bile pigments in urine were
not detected. The diagnosis of alkaptonuria was made. What pigment is deficient?
%100!%Homogentisic acid oxidase
%0%Phenylalanine hydroxylase
%0%Tyrosinase
%0%Oxyphenylpyruvate oxidase
%0%Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase
#
Biogenic amines, such as histamine,serotonin, dopamine and others, are highly active substances
affecting various physiological functions. What transformation process of amino acids results in biogenic
amines being produced in somatic tissues?
%100!%Decarboxylation
%0%Deamination
%0%Transamination
%0%Oxidation
%0%Reductive amination

#
A patient has been prescribed pyridoxal phosphate. What processes are corrected with this drug?
%100!%Transamination and decarboxylation of
amino acids
%0%Oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids
%0%Deaminization of amino acids
%0%Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
%0%Protein synthesis

#
Activation of certain hemostasis system factors is done through calcium ions attachment. What
structural component allows this attachment?
%100!%Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
%0%Gamma-aminobutyric acid
%0%Gamma-oxybutyric acid
%0%Hydroxyproline
%0%Mono amino dicarboxylic acids

#
Calcification of dental tissues is significantly influenced by osteocalcin protein which has an ability to
bind calcium ions due to the presence of the following modified amino acid residues in the polypeptide
chain:
%100!%γ-carbon glutamine
%0%Alanine
%0%γ-aminobutyric
%0%Carboxy aspargine
%0%δ-aminopropionic

#
The most common disease of economically developed countries is dental caries. Over 95% of population
is afflicted with this disease. Carious demineralization of hard dental tissues is caused primarily by:
%100!%Organic acids
%0%Malnutrition
%0%Extreme conditions
%0%Metabolic disorder
%0%Vitamin C deficiency

#
Calcification of dental tissues is significantly influenced by osteocalcin protein that can bind calcium ions
due to the presence of the following modified amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain:
%100!%γ-carbon glutamine
%0%Alanine
%0%γ-aminobutyric
%0%Carboxy aspargine
%0%δ-aminopropionic

#
Significant amount of biogenic amines in body tissues can be subject to oxidative deaminization due to
the action of the following enzyme:
%100!%Monoamine oxidase
%0%Transaminase
%0%D-amino acid oxidase
%0%Isomerase
%0%L-amino acid dehydrogenase

#
A 24-year-old patient has been administered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy. Medicinal effect in this case
occurs not due to glutamate itself, but due to the product of its decarboxylation:
%100!%γ-Aminobutyric acid
%0%Histamine 4-monooxygenase
%0%Serotonin
%0%Dopamine
%0%Taurine

#
To assess the rate of collagen disintegration during certain connective tissue disturbances, it is necessary
to
measure the urine content of the following:
%100!%Oxyproline
%0%Ornithine
%0%Proline
%0%Lysine
%0%Urea

#
A 30-year-old man with glomerulonephritis has developed nephrotic syndrome. What symptom
invariably accompanies nephrotic syndrome?
%100!%Proteinuria
%0%Glucosuria
%0%Low urine specific gravity
%0%Anemia
%0%Azotemia

#
In the process of metabolism human body produces active oxygen forms, including superoxide anion
radical O 2 .This anion is inactivated by the following enzyme:
%100!%Superoxide dismutase
%0%Catalase
%0%Peroxidase
%0%Glutathione peroxidase
%0%Glutathione reductase

#
A 60-year-old man consulted a doctor about an onset of chest pain. In blood serum analysis showed a
significant increase in the activity of the following enzymes: creatine kinase and its MB-isoform,
aspartate aminotransferase. These changes indicate the development of the pathological process in the
following tissues:
%100!%Cardiac muscle
%0%Lungs
%0%Skeletal muscles
%0%Liver
%0%Smooth muscles

#
Tooth extraction in a patient with chronic persistent hepatitis was complicated by a prolonged bleeding.
What is the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome?
%100!%Decreased production of thrombin
%0%Increased production of thromboplastin
%0%Decreased production of fibrin
%0%Increased synthesis of fibrinogen
%0%Increased fibrinolysis

#
Periodontitis induces the development of lipid peroxidation in the periodontal tissues, as well as an
increase in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentration in the oral cavity. Which of the
following enzymes provides antioxidant protection?
%100!%Catalase
%0%Amylase
%0%Maltase
%0%Lactase
%0%Invertase
#
Osteolaterism is characterized by a decrease in collagen strength caused by much less intensive
formation of cross-links in the collagen fibrils. This phenomenon is caused by hypoactivity of the
following enzyme:
%100!%Lysyl oxidase
%0%Monoamino-oxidase
%0%Prolyl hydroxylase
%0%Lysyl hydroxylase
%0%Collagenase

#
An oncological patient had been administered methotrexate. With time target cells of the tumour lost
sensitivity to this drug. At the same time the change in gene expression of the following enzyme is
observed:
%100!%Dehydropholate reductase
%0%Thiaminase
%0%Deaminase
%0%Pholate oxidase
%0%Pholate decarboxylase

#
Continuous treatment of cancer patients with methotrexate over time reduces the target cell’s
sensitivity to the drug. In this case gene amplification of the following enzyme is observed:
%100!%Dihydrofolate reductase
%0%Thiaminase
%0%Deaminase
%0%Thioredoxin reductase
%0%Thioredoxin reductase

#
A patient has myocardial infarction. The first several hours of such medical condition will be
characterized by significant increase of activity of the following enzyme in his blood serum:
%100!%Creatine phosphokinase
%0%Lactate dehydrogenase 4
%0%Aspartate aminotransferase
%0%Lactate dehydrogenase 5
%0%Alanine-aminotransferase

#
Periodontitis induces development of lipid peroxidation in the periodontal tissues, as well as increase in
malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentration in the oral cavity. Which of the following
enzymes provides antioxidant protection?
%100!%Catalase
%0%Amylase
%0%Maltase
%0%Lactase
%0%Invertase

#
Sulfanilamides are applied as antimicrobal agents in clinical practice. Sulfanilamide treatment, however,
can result in hemolytic anemia development in patients that suffer from genetic defect of the following
enzyme of pentose phosphate metabolism in erythrocytes:
%100!%Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
%0%Hexokinase
%0%Transketolase
%0%Transaldolase
%0%Pyruvate kinase

#
Specify the calcium-binding enamel protein, which plays a significant part in carious destruction of
enamel, when its function is disrupted:
%100!%Amelogenin
%0%Calmodulin
%0%Osteocalcin
%0%Calcitonin
%0%Parotin

#
A 28-year-old patient complains of frequent gingival hemorrhages.Blood test revealed the clotting
factorII (prothrombin) deficiency. What phaseof blood coagulation is impaired in thispatient?
%100!%Thrombin generation
%0%Vascular-platelet haemostasis
%0% -
%0%Fibrinolysis
%0%Clot retraction

#
Which of the named below is the substrate of activated Christmas factor that takes part in blood
coagulation?
%100!%Factor X
%0%Vitamin K
%0%Fibrinogen
%0%Fibrin
%0%Thrombin

#
A 2-year-old child presents with mental development retardation, intolerance of proteins, severe
hyperammonemia against the background of low blood urea content. This conditi- on is caused by the
congenital deficiency of the following mitochondrial enzyme:
%100!%Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
%0%Citrate synthase
%0%Succinate dehydrogenase
%0%Malate dehydrogenase
%0%Monoamine oxidase

#
Enzymes and other active substances regulating connective tissue density and permeability are being
produced in connective tissue cells. What enzyme drug is used to make the connective tissue growths
looser and more permeable?
%100!%Lydase
%0%Amylase
%0%Lipase
%0%Cocarboxylase
%0%Cholinesterase

#
In what organ biotransformation (metabolic transformation) of most medicinal agents occurs upon their
introduction into an organism?
%100!%Liver
%0%Kidneys
%0%Intestine
%0%Skin
%0%Lungs

#
The patient’s saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial
properties?
%100!%Lysozyme
%0%Amylase
%0%Ceruloplasmin
%0%Parotin
%0%Cholesterol

#
A 35-year-old man has come to a dentist with complaints of decreased density of the dental tissue and
increased brittleness of his teeth during consumption of hard food. Laboratory analysis measured Ca/P
correlation in the enamel sample. What value of Ca/P indicates increased demineralization?
%100!%0,9
%0%1,67
%0%1,85
%0%2,5
%0%1,5

#
For biochemical diagnostics of cardiac infarction it is necessary to determine activity of a number of
enzymes and their izoenzymes in the blood. What enzyme assay is considered to be optimal for
confirming or ruling out cardiac infarction at the early stage, after the patient develops thoracic pain?
%100!%Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme
%0%Creatine kinase MM isoenzyme
%0%LDH 1 isoenzyme
%0%LDH 5 isoenzyme
%0%Cytoplasmic isoenzyme of aspartate
%0%Aminotransferase

#
There is increased activity of AST, LDH 1 , LDH 2 , and CPK in the patient’s blood. Pathological process
most likely occurs in the:
%100!%Heart
%0%Skeletal muscles
%0%Kidneys
%0%Liver
%0%Adrenal glands

#
A 42-year-old woman, who has been keeping to a vegetarian diet for a long period of time, consulted a
doctor. Examination revealed negative nitrogen balance in the patient. What factor is the most likely
cause of such a condition?
%100!%Insufficient amount of proteins in the diet
%0%Insufficient amount of dietary fiber
%0%Excessive amount of fats in the diet
%0%Insufficient amount of fats in the diet
%0%Decreased rate of metabolic processses

#
A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy products. This condition has likely developed due
to
insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:
%100!%Lactase
%0%Lipase
%0%Maltase
%0%Invertase
%0%Amylase

#
During tooth brushing it is not uncommon for oral mucosa to be injured. However, bleeding quickly
stops
on its own. What substances in saliva quickly staunch the flow of blood during minor oral injuries?
%100!%Procoagulants
%0%Lipolytic enzymes
%0%Amylolytic enzymes
%0%Mineral substances
%0%Lysozyme and mucin

#
A 50-year-old man, who has been suffering for a long time from viral hepatitis, developed mental
impairments, impairments of consciousness, and motor disturbances (tremor, ataxia,
etc.). What is the mechanism of such condition?
%100!%Decreased detoxification function of the liver
%0%Insufficient phagocytic function of stellate macrophages
%0%Decreased synthesis of albumins and globulins in the liver
%0%Disturbed lipid exchange in the liver
%0%Alterations in the lipid composition of

#
What coenzyme of flavin-dependent dehydrogenases participates in the reactions of tricarboxylic acid
cycle?
%100!%Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
%0%Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
%0%Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
%0%Thymidine diphosphate (TDP)
%0%Heme
#
A patient suffering from malaria has developed hemolytic anemia after taking primaquine antimalarial
drug. Hereditary insufficiency of the following enzyme in erythrocytes will be observed in this case:
%100!%Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
%0%Triosephosphate isomerase
%0%Lipase
%0%Fructose 1-phosphate aldolase
%0%Phosphofructokinase

#
There are various diseases that cause sharp increase of active oxygen, leading to cell membranes
destruction. Antioxidants are used to prevent it from happening. The most potent natural antioxidant is:
%100!%Alpha-tocopherol
%0%Glucose
%0%Vitamin D3
%0%Fatty acids
%0%Glycerol

#
A patient is diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis caused by vitamin H (biotin) deficiency. Observed is
activity disruption of the following enzyme:
%100!%Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
%0%Pyruvate decarboxylase
%0%Alcohol dehydrogenase
%0%Aminotranspherases
%0%Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

#
A 32-year-old patient has B 2 hypovitaminosis. The specific symptoms such as epithelial, mucosal, skin
and corneal lesions are most likely to be caused by the deficiency of:
%100!%Flavin coenzymes
%0%Cytochrome a1
%0%Cytochrome oxidase
%0%Cytochrome b
%0%Cytochrome c

#
A 9-month-old infant is on bottle feeding. Formula used in feeding has insufficient content of vitamin B 6
. The infant has seizures possibly caused by disruption in production of the following substance in the
body:
%100!%Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
%0%Serotonin
%0%Histamine
%0%Dopamine
%0%β-alanine

#
An oculist detected increased time of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency
can cause such symptom?
%100!%А
%0%Е
%0%С
%0%К
%0%D

#
Examination of a patient revealed dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia. What vitamin deficiency is the cause
of this condition?
%100!%Nicotinamide
%0%Ascorbic acid
%0%Folic acid
%0%Biotin
%0%Rutin

#
A 49-year-old patient was found to have a disproportionate enlargement of hands, feet, nose, ears,
superciliary arches and cheek bones. Blood test revealed hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance.
What is the most likely cause of this pathology
development?
%100!%Hypersecretion of growth hormone
%0%Posterior pituitary hormone
%0%hypersecretion
%0%Insulin hyposecretion
%0%Vasopressin hyposecretion
%0%Glucocorticoid hypersecretion

#
A patient is diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis caused by vitamin H (biotin) deficiency. Observed is
activity disruption of the following enzyme:
%100!%Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
%0%Pyruvate decarboxylase
%0%Alcohol dehydrogenase
%0%Aminotranspherases
%0%Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

#
What factor results in maximal dilation of the gemomicrocirculatory pahtway vessels and their increased
permeability?
%100!%Histamine
%0%Endothelin
%0%Vasopressin
%0%Noradrenaline
%0%Serotonin

#
A 32-year-old patient has B2 hypovitaminosis. The specific symptoms such as epithelial, mucosal, skin
and corneal lesions are the most likely to be caused by the deficiency of:
%100!%Flavin coenzymes
%0%Cytochrome a1
%0%Cytochrome oxidase
%0%Cytochrome b
%0%Cytochrome c

#
A 50-year-old man addressed a hospital with complaints of memory disorders, painful sensations along
the nerve trunks, decreased mental ability, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis states
excessive alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can result in such signs?
%100!%Thiamine
%0%Niacin
%0%Retinol
%0%Calciferol
%0%Riboflavin

#
A patient with glossitis presents with disappearance of lingual papillae, reddening and burning pain in
the tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes –2, 2 · 1012 /l, hemoglobin - 103 g/l, colorKrok 1 Stomatology 2017
4index - 1,4. What type of anemia is it?
%100!%B12 folate-deficient
%0%Iron deficiency
%0%α-thalassemia
%0%β-thalassemia
%0%Iron refractory

#
A woman, who had undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer, was prescribed a course of radiation
therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked antiradiation effect due to its antioxidant activity?
%100!%Tocopherol acetate
%0%Ergocalciferol
%0%Riboflavin
%0%Cyanocobalamin
%0%Folic acid

#
A 50-year-old man came to a hospital with complaints of memory disorders, painful sensations along the
nerve trunks, decreased mental ability, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis states excessive
alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptoms?
%100!%Thiamine
%0%Niacin
%0%Retinol
%0%Calciferol
%0%Riboflavin

#
A 32-year-old patient has B2 hypovitaminosis. The specific symptoms such as epithelial, mucosal, skin
and corneal lesions are the most likely to be caused by the deficiency of:
%100!%Flavin coenzymes
%0%Cytochrome a1
%0%Cytochrome oxidase
%0%Cytochrome b
%0%Cytochrome c

#
A 40-year-old patient was revealed to have blood clotting time of 2 minutes under a stressful condition.
It is primarily caused by the following hormon affecting hemocoagulation:
%100!%Catecholamine
%0%Cortisol
%0%Aldosterone
%0%Somatotropin
%0%Vasopressin

#
Experimental studies revealed steroid hormones to have an effect on proteosynthesis. They influence
synthesis of the following substances:
%100!%Specific messenger RNA
%0%Adenosine triphosphate
%0%Specific transfer RNA
%0%Guanosine triphosphate
%0%Specific ribosomal RNA

#
A patient with pituitary tumor complains of increased daily diuresis (polyuria). Glucose concentration in
blood plasma equals 4,8 mmol/l. What hormone can be the cause of this if its secretion is disturbed?
%100!%Vasopressin
%0%Aldosterone
%0%Natriuretic hormone
%0%Insulin
%0%Angiotensin I

#
A patient with hypoparathyreosis has multiple carious lesions of teeth. This pathology is caused by
insufficiency of the following hormone:
%100!%Calcitonin
%0%Thyroxin
%0%Triiodothyronine
%0%Thyroid-stimulating hormone
%0%Somatotropin

#
A patient with gastric juice hypersecretion has been recommended to exclude from the diet rich broths
and vegetable infused water. A doctor recommended it, because these food products stimulate
production of the following hormone:
%100!%Gastrin
%0%Secretin
%0%Cholecystokinin
%0%Somatostatin
%0%Neurotensin
 #
A 43-year-old woman complains of weight loss, hyperhidrosis, low-grade fever, increased irritability. She
has been found to have hyperfunction of the sympathetic-adrenal system and basal metabolism. These
disorders can be caused by hypersecretion of the following hormone:
%100!%Thyroxine
%0%Somatotropin
%0%Corticotropin
%0%Insulin
%0%Aldosterone

#
A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospital. Increased potassium content
was detected in secondary urine of the patient. Such changes have been most likely caused by the
increased secretion of the following hormone:
%100!%Aldosterone
%0%Oxytocin
%0%Adrenalin
%0%Glucagon
%0%Testosterone

#
A 30-year-old woman has decreased enzyme content in the pancreatic juice. This condition can be
caused by insufficient secretion of the following hormone:
%100!%Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
%0%Somatostatin
%0%Secretin
%0%Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
%0%Vasoactive intestinal peptide

#
A patient is in the state of hypoglycemic coma. What hormone can cause this condition if overdosed?
%100!%Insulin
%0%Progesterone
%0%Cortisol
%0%Somatotropin
%0%Corticotropin

#
Due to morbid affection of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus a 40-year-old
patient has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia. The following hormone is deficient,
thus leading to this disturbance:
%100!%Vasopressin
%0%Oxytocin
%0%Corticotropin
%0%Somatotropin
%0%Thyrotropin

#
Due to trauma the patient’s parathyroid glands have been removed, which resulted in inertness, thirst,
sharp increase of neuromuscular excitability. Metabolism of the following substance is disturbed:
%100!% Calcium
%0%Manganese
%0%Chlorine
%0%Molybdenum
%0%Zinc

#
A doctor has established significant growth retardation, disproportional body build, and mental
deficiency of a child. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?
%100!% Hypothyroidism
%0%Insufficient nutrition
%0%Hyperthyroidism
%0%Genetic defects
%0%Hypopituitarism

#
After introdiction of adrenaline the patient’s blood glucose level increased. It is caused by intensified:
%100!% Glycogenolysis in the liver
%0%Glycolysis in the liver
%0%Glycolysis in the skeletal muscles
%0%Glycogen synthesis
%0%Glycogenolysis in the muscles

#
A patient during fasting developed ketoacidosis as a result of increased fatty acids decomposition. This
decomposition can be inhibited with:
%100!%Insulin
%0%Glucagon
%0%Adrenaline
%0%Thyroxin
%0%Cortisol

A 56-year-old man presents with parathyroid tumor. The following is observed: muscle weakness,
osteoporosis, bone deformation, nephroliths consisting of oxalates and phosphates. The patient’s
condition is caused by:
%100!%Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
%0%Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
%0%Increased secretion of calcitonin
%0%Decreased secretion of calcitriol
%0%Increased secretion of thyroxin
#
An 84-year-old patient suffers from parkinsonism. One of the pathogenetic development elements of
this disease is deficiency of a certain mediator in Home of the brain structures. Name this mediator:
%100!%Dopamine
%0%Adrenaline
%0%Noradrenaline
%0%Histamine
%0%Acetylcholine

#
A 35-year-old man has come to a dentist with complaints of decreased density of the dental tissue and
increased brittleness of his teeth during consumption of hard food. Laboratory analysis measured Ca/P
correlation in the enamel sample. What value of Ca/P indicates increased demineralization?
%100!%0,9
%0%1,67
%0%1,85
%0%2,5
%0%1,5

#
A 67-year-old patient has atherosclerosis of cardiac and cerebral vessels. Examination revealed
hyperlipidemia. What class of blood plasma lipoproteins is most important in atherosclerosis
pathogenesis?
%100!%Low-density lipoproteins
%0%Chylomicrons
%0%α-lipoproteins
%0%High-density lipoproteins
%0%IDL

#
Cytochemical investigation has revealed high content of hydrolytic enzymes in cytoplasm. This
phenomenon indicates high activity of the following organelles:
%100!%Lysosomes
%0%Cytocentrum
%0%Endoplasmic reticulum
%0%Polysomes
%0%Mitochondria

#
A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconscious. BP is low, Kussmaul’s
respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What
mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?
%100!%Accumulation of ketone bodies in
blood
%0%Accumulation of potassium ions
%0%Accumulation of sodium ions
%0%Accumulation of chlorine ions
%0%Accumulation of urea

#
Ketoacidosis that develops due to accumulation of ketone bodies in blood serum is a primary
complication of diabetes mellitus. What acid-base disbalance develops during this condition?
%100!%Metabolic acidosis
%0%Metabolic alkalosis
%0%Respiratory acidosis
%0%Respiratory alkalosis
%0%No disbalance

#
Rentgenologically it is confirmed an obstruction of common bile duct that prevents bile from inflowing
to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
%100!%Fat emulgation
%0%Protein absorption
%0%Carbohydrate hydrolysis
%0%Hydrochloric acid secretion in
stomach
%0%Salivation inhibition

#
A diet must include fats. Fats perform plastic function in an organism due to their inclusion in:
%100!%Cell membranes
%0%Cell ion channel
%0%Cell ion pumps
%0%Cell end-organs
%0%Glycocalyx

#
A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconscious. BP is low, Kussmaul’s
respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What
mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?
%100!%Accumulation of ketone bodies in blood
%0%Accumulation of potassium ions
%0%Accumulation of sodium ions
%0%Accumulation of chlorine ions
%0%Accumulation of urea

#
A patient, who had been eating only polished rice, developed polyneuritis caused by thiamine
deficiency. What compound can be indicative of this kind of avitaminosis when excreted with urine?
%100!%Pyruvic acid
%0%Malate
%0%Methylmalonic acid
%0%Uric acid
%0%Phenylpyruvate

#
Genetic information is stored in DNA but does not participate directly in protein synthesis within DNA
cells. What process ensures transfer of genetic information into polypeptide chain?
%100!%Translation
%0%Formation of rRNA
%0%Formation of tRNA
%0%Formation of iRNA
%0%Replication

#
In the course of evolution there developed molecular mechanisms for correction of damaged DNA
molecules. This process is called:
%100!%Reparation
%0%Transcription
%0%Translation
%0%Replication
%0%Processing

#
Under the influence of physical factors there can develop defects in a DNA molecule. Ultraviolet
irradiation,for instance, can cause development of dimers. Dimers are two adjacent pyrimidine bases
joined together. Name these bases:
%100!%Thymine and cytosine
%0%Adenine and thymine
%0%Guanine and cytosine
%0%Adenine and guanine
%0%Guanine and thymine

#
Patients suffering from xerodermapigmentosum have extremely photosensitive skin due to disrupted
excision repair. Specify the process that is affected in such patients:
%100!% Repair of DNA molecule
%0%Synthesis of iRNA
%0%Maturation of iRNA
%0%Synthesis of protein primary structure
%0%Intron extraction and exon connection

#
In postabsorptive state glycogen synthesis is increased in liver and muscles. The syntesis involves the
following substance:
%100!%Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
%0%Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
%0%Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
%0%Thymidine triphosphate (TTP)
%0%Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

#1
A patient suffers from diabetes mellitus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7.2
mmol/L. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient`s glycemia
level retrospectively (4-12 weeks prior to examination)?:
%!100% Glycated hemoglobin
%0%Ceruloplasmin
%0%Fibrinogen
%0%C-reactive protein
%0%Albumin
@ Glycated hemoglobin. The hyperglycemia over 7.2 mmol/L, that has been 4-12
weeks prior examination can cause the glycosylation of lysine residues in
hemoglobin molecule to modify it to form glycated hemoglobin HbA1c

#
A patient is diagnosed with pancreatic diabetes with associated hyperglycemia. Glycemia rate can be
assessed retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to examination) by measuring concentration of the following
blood plasma protein:
%100!%Glycated hemoglobin
%0%Albumin
%0%Fibrinogen
%0%C-reactive protein
%0%Ceruloplasmin

#
A patient suffers from mutation of a gene that corresponds with hemoglobin synthesis. This condition
led to development of sicklecell disease. Name the pathological hemoglobin characteristic of this
disease:
%100!%HbS
%0%HbA
%0%HbF
%0%HbA1
%0%Bart-Hb

#
For several days a 55-year-old woman has been suffering from pain attacks in the right upper quadrant
after eating fatty foods. Visually, there is yellowness of sclera and skin. The patient has acholic stool,
beer-colored urine. What substance present in the patient’s urine causes its dark color?
%100!%Conjugated bilirubin
%0%Ketone bodies
%0%Unconjugated bilrubin
%0%Stercobilin
%0%Bilirubin glucuronides

#
A patient suffers from diabetes mellitus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7,2 mmol/l. What blood plasma
protein would allow to assess the patient’s glycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to
examination)?
%100!%Glycated hemoglobin
%0%Albumin
%0%Fibrinogen
%0%C-reactive protein
%0%Ceruloplasmin

#
A 34-year-old patient has low endurance of physical loads. At the same time skeletal muscles have
increased concentration of glycogen. This is caused by the reduced activity of the following enzyme:
%100!%Glycogen phosphorylase
%0%Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
%0%Phosphofructokinase
%0%Glycogen synthase
%0%Glucose-6-phosphatase

#
A patient at the early stage of diabetes mellitus was found to have polyuria. What is its cause?
%100!%Hyperglycemia
%0%Ketonemia
%0%Hypocholesterolemia
%0%Hypercholesterolemia
%0%Hyperkaliemia

#
Glucose content of blood stays at sufficient level after one week of starvation. Is it caused by activation
of the following process:
%100!%Gluconeogenesis
%0%Glycolysis
%0%Glycogenolysis
%0%Tricarboxylic acid cycle
%0%Glycogen phosphorolysis

#
Glucose content of blood keeps at sufficient level after one week of starvation. Is it caused by activation
of the following process:
%100!%Gluconeogenesis
%0%Glycolysis
%0%Glycogenolysis
%0%Tricarboxylic acid cycle
%0%Glycogen phosphorolysis

#
A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy food products. This condition has likely
developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:
%100!%Lactase
%0%Lipase
%0%Maltase
%0%Invertase
%0%Amylase

#
Corticosteroid analogues induce breakdown of muscle proteins into free amino acids. Under such
conditions these amino acids become involved with the following processes:
%100!%Gluconeogenesis in liver
%0%Glycolysis in muscles
%0%Synthesis of higher fatty acids
%0%Glycogenolysis
%0%Decarboxylation

#
Mucin aggregates retain water, which results in their viscosity and protective action. It is possible
because mucinstructure contains:
%100!%Glycosaminoglycans
%0%Homopolysaccharides
%0%Disaccharides
%0%Oligosaccharides
%0%Glucose

#
Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of
carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
%100!%Gluconeogenesis
%0%Glycogenolysis
%0%Aerobic glycolisis
%0%Pentose-phosphate cycle
%0%Glycogenesis