LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT USING SENSORS

LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction:

Line follower robots represent a significant advancement in robotics, enabling autonomous

navigation along predefined paths. This literature review aims to provide an overview of existing
research and developments in the field of line follower robots, exploring their design, control
algorithms, applications, and future directions.

Design Considerations:

Research on line follower robots has focused on various aspects of design, including sensor
configurations, chassis design, and power management systems. Rahman et al. (2018) proposed a
novel line follower robot design using an array of infrared sensors for line detection, coupled
with a lightweight chassis for enhanced maneuverability. Similarly, Lee et al. (2019) explored
the use of reflective optical sensors and a modular chassis design for improved adaptability to
different environments.

Control Algorithms:

Several control algorithms have been developed to govern the behavior of line follower robots,
ranging from simple proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers to more complex machine
learning approaches. Kumar et al. (2020) implemented a PID control algorithm to regulate the
speed and direction of the robot based on sensor feedback, achieving smooth and stable line
following. In contrast, Li et al. (2021) proposed a deep reinforcement learning approach for
adaptive control, enabling the robot to learn and optimize its behavior through interaction with
the environment.

Applications:

Line follower robots find applications in various domains, including industrial automation,
education, and entertainment. Ahmad et al. (2019) demonstrated the use of line follower robots
in warehouse logistics for material handling and inventory management, highlighting their
potential for improving operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, line follower
robots have been utilized in educational settings to teach principles of robotics and programming,
providing hands-on learning experiences for students (Wong & Cheung, 2017).

Future Directions:

The future of line follower robots holds promise for advancements in navigation algorithms,
multi-surface compatibility, and integration with emerging technologies. Sharma et al. (2022)
proposed the integration of lidar sensors and machine learning algorithms to enable line follower
robots to navigate complex terrains and dynamic environments autonomously. Furthermore, the
deployment of fleets of line follower robots equipped with swarm intelligence algorithms could
revolutionize logistics and surveillance applications, facilitating efficient and coordinated
operations in diverse settings (Chen et al., 2020).
Conclusion:

In conclusion, line follower robots represent a versatile and impactful technology with
applications across various domains. Ongoing research and development efforts continue to
enhance their capabilities, enabling autonomous navigation, adaptability to different
environments, and integration with advanced control algorithms. As line follower robots evolve,
they hold the potential to revolutionize industries, education, and entertainment, paving the way
for innovative solutions to real-world challenges.

References:

● Ahmad, N., Ali, H., & Khan, A. (2019). Warehouse Automation using Line Follower
Robot. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(9),
1579-1584.
● Kumar, A., Singh, A. K., & Aggarwal, P. (2020). PID Controlled Line Following Robot.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 167(4), 40-45.