Sat Document 1

SAT Advanced 1
Final Exam
Module
1
Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS - 32 MINUTES
DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing
skills. Each question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or
graph. Read each passage and question carefully, and then choose the best
answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each
question has a single best answer.
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CO NTI N U E

1 1
If, in the distant future, archaeologists find 1
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no ______ of evidence of our civilization apart Which choice completes the text with the
from a library of 20th century novels, they most logical and precise word or phrase?
Line might be able to figure out something
5 surprising about recent history: the boom A) pattern
times and recessions of our economic system. B) path
C) sketch
D) remnant
Most spacecraft are still at little risk of 2

collision with space debris during their Which choice completes the text with the
operational lifetimes, but given the numbers of most logical and precise word or phrase?
Line new satellites launched each year, the orbital
5 environment in the future is likely to be less A) crowded
________. B) invulnerable
C) benign
D) protected

1 1
Investigating whether shared false visual 3
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memories—specific but inaccurate and widely Which choice completes the text with the
held recollections of images such as product most logical and precise word or phrase?
Line logos—are caused by people’s previous
5 ______ incorrect renditions of the images, A) compliance with
researchers Deepasri Prasad and Wilma B) exposure to
Bainbridge found that, in fact, such memories C) criteria for
are often not explained by familiarity with
erroneous versions of the images. D) forfeiture of
As an undergraduate researcher in 4
anthropology, Jennifer C. Chen contributed to
Which choice completes the text with the
a groundbreaking study challenging the
most logical and precise word or phrase?
Line accepted view that among prehistoric peoples,
5 female participation in hunting was ______. A) inevitable
The research team’s review of data from late B) satisfactory
Pleistocene and early Holocene burials in the
C) negligible
Americas revealed that, in fact, as many as half
of the hunters in those populations were D) commonplace
10 female.

1 1
The field of study called affective 5
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neuroscience seeks instinctive, physiological What choice best describes the main purpose
causes for feelings such as pleasure or of the text?
Line displeasure. Because these sensations are linked
5 to a chemical component (for example, the A) It describes an experimental method of
release of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the measuring the strength of physiological
brain when one receives or expects a reward), responses in humans.
they can be said to have a partly physiological B) It illustrates processes by which certain
basis. These processes have been described in insects can express how they are
10 mammals, but Jingnan Huang and his feeling.
colleagues have recently observed that some C) It summarizes a finding suggesting that
behaviors of honeybees (such as foraging) are some mechanisms in the brains of
also motivated by a dopamine-based signaling certain insects resemble mechanisms in
process. mammalian brains.
D) It presents research showing that
certain insects and mammals behave
similarly when there is a possibility of a
reward for their actions.
The binary planet hypothesis—that Earth and 6

the Moon formed simultaneously by the
Which choice best describes the overall
accretion of smaller objects—does not explain
structure of the text?
Line why the Moon’s iron core is so small relative to
5 the Moon’s total volume, compared with Earth’s A) Two explanations are provided, both of
core relative to Earth’s total volume. According which are revealed as inadequate.
to the giant-impact hypothesis, the Moon was B) A theory is presented, and then evidence
created during a collision between Earth and a that undermines that theory is discussed.
large object about the size of Mars. Computer
C) Similarities and differences between two
10 simulations of this impact show that both of the
theories are described.
objects would melt in the impact and the dense
core of the impactor would fall as molten rock D) A flawed hypothesis is introduced, and
into the liquefied iron core of Earth. The ejected then an alternative hypothesis is
matter—mantle rock that had surrounded the presented.
15 cores of both objects— would be almost devoid
of iron. This matter would become the Moon.

1 1
Archeological excavation of Market Street 7
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Chinatown, a nineteenth-century Chinese Which choice best describes the function of
American community in San Jose, California, the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
Line provided the first evidence that Asian food
5 products were imported to the United States in A) It explains why efforts to determine the
the 1800s: bones from a freshwater fish species country of origin of the items mentioned
native to Southeast Asia. Jinshanzhuang—Hong in the previous sentence remain
Kong–based import/export firms—likely inconclusive.
coordinated the fish’s transport from Chinese- B) It provides information that helps
10 operated fisheries in Vietnam and Malaysia to support a claim about a discovery’s
North American markets. This route reveals the significance that is presented in the
(often overlooked) multinational dimensions of following sentence.
the trade networks linking Chinese diaspora C) It traces the steps that were taken to
communities. locate and recover the objects that are
described in the previous sentence.
D) It outlines a hypothesis that additional
evidence discussed in the following
sentence casts some doubt on.
It was no accident that nineteenth-century 8

naturalist Charles Darwin strove to connect the
According to the text, the phrase “It was no
mentality and emotionality of people with that
accident” implies that the author of of the text
Line of dogs, rather than, say, doves or horses.
believes that Darwin
5 Neither his theory of evolution nor any general
understanding of biology demanded that he A) knew that the resemblance between dogs
preferentially underline our similarity to dogs and humans could not be accounted for
over other species. But politically and by his theory.
emotionally, the choice was inevitable for an B) exploited the sympathies of his audience
10 English gentleman who had set himself the task to gain support for his theory.
of making the idea of evolutionary continuity C) believed that the way previous authors
palatable. Darwin wrote that “dogs possess had written about dogs was inaccurate.
something very similar to a conscience. They D) wished to convince the public to celebrate
certainly possess some power of self- the virtues of dogs.
15 command. . . . Dogs have long been accepted as
the very type of fidelity and obedience.”

1 1
The Poet Walt Whitman" is an 1887 essay by 9
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José Martí, a Cuban author and political Which quotation from a translation of "The
activist, originally written in Spanish. In the Poet Walt Whitman" most effectively
Line essay, Martí explores the value of literature, illustrates the claim?
5 arguing that a society's spiritual well-being
depends on the character of its literary culture: A) "Poetry, which brings together or
___________ separates, which fortifies or brings
anguish, which shores up or demolishes
souls, which gives or robs men of faith
and vigor, is more necessary to a people
than industry itself, for industry provides
them with a means of subsistence, while
literature gives them the desire and
strength for life."
B) "Every society brings to literature its own
form of expression, and the history of the
nations can be told with greater truth by
the stages of literature than by chronicles
and decades."
C) "Where will a race of men go when they
have lost the habit of thinking with faith
about the scope and meaning of their
actions? The best among them, those who
consecrate Nature with their sacred desire
for the future, will lose, in a sordid and
painful annihilation, all stimulus to
alleviate the ugliness of humanity."
D) "Listen to the song of this hardworking
and satisfied nation; listen to Walt
Whitman. The exercise of himself exalts
him to majesty, tolerance exalts him to
justice, and order to joy."

1 1
Text 1 10
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James Austin (in Text 2) would most likely
Many scientists tend to split the universe into respond to the underlined assertion in Text 1
two realms: science and irrationality. They by
believe that “truth” is only what can be
Line experimentally proved and that A) agreeing and citing his own experience as
5 “understanding” is only what fits into the evidence
straitjacket of logic. This approach may work B) agreeing and citing specific scientific
beautifully within the scope of questions that findings as proof
science can answer, but life is a far richer C) disagreeing and citing the beliefs of most
tapestry than the threads of logic alone can scientists
10 weave. It is myopic to define “reason” so
D) disagreeing and citing Buddhist texts for
narrowly that one can’t see the other threads.
support
Science can teach us many things, but there are
some truths science cannot measure.
Text 2
After spending years training in Buddhist

15 meditative practices, neurologist James Austin
got his first taste of spiritual enlightenment
while waiting on a London train platform, idly
glancing toward the Thames River. Instantly,
the panorama of sky and buildings acquired a
20 sense of what he calls “absolute reality, intrinsic
rightness, and ultimate perfection.” He
suddenly shed his formerly unshakable
assumption that he was an individual, separated
from the rest of the world by a skin suit. Within
25 seconds, other insights dawned.
Austin described in a book how this
experience spurred him to study brain
processes that underlie spiritual experiences.
But the harsh reality of science is that those who
30 study mysticism are rarely taken seriously. For
scientists, claims of mystical enlightenment
have long smacked of self-deception,
charlatanism, or both.

1 1
11
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After a volcanic eruption spilled lava into

North Pacific Ocean waters, a dramatic Which choice most effectively uses data
increase of diatoms (a kind of phytoplankton) from the table to complete the statement?
Line near the surface occurred. Scientists assumed
5 the diatoms were thriving on nutrients such as A) at 5–45 meters below the surface, the
phosphate from the lava, but analysis showed average concentration of phosphate was
these nutrients weren't present near the surface about the same in the seawater in the lava-
in forms diatoms can consume. However, there affected area as in the seawater outside of
was an abundance of usable nitrate, a nutrient the lava-affected area.
10 usually found in much deeper water and B) for both depth ranges measured, the
almost never found in lava. Microbial average concentrations of nitrate were
oceanographer Sonya Dyhrman and colleagues substantially higher in the seawater in the
believe that as the lava plunged nearly 300 lava-affected area than in the seawater
meters below the surface it dislodged pockets outside of the lava-affected area.
15 of this nutrient, releasing it to float upward, C) for both depth ranges measured in the
given that ______ seawater in the lava-affected area, the
average concentrations of nitrate were
substantially higher than the average
concentrations of phosphate.
D) in the seawater outside of the lava-affected
area, there was little change in the average
concentration of nitrate from 75–125
meters below the surface to 5–45 meters
below the surface.

1 1
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To understand how expressions of anger in 12

reviews of products affect readers of those Which choice best describes data from the
reviews, business scholar Dezhi Yin and graph that support the student's conclusion?
Line colleagues measured study participants'
5 responses to three versions of the same A) On average, participants' ratings of the
negative review—a control review expressing helpfulness of the review were substantially
no anger, a review expressing a high degree of higher than were participants' ratings of
anger, and a review expressing a low degree of the reviewed product regardless of which
anger. Reviewing the data, a student concludes type of review participants had seen.
10 that the mere presence of anger in a review B) Compared with participants who saw the
may not negatively affect readers' perceptions control review, participants who saw the
of the review, but a high degree of anger in a low-anger review rated the review as
review does worsen readers' perceptions of the slightly more helpful, whereas participants
review. who saw the high-anger review rated the
review as less helpful.
C) Participants who saw the low-anger review
rated the review as slightly more helpful
than participants who saw the control
review did, but participants' attitude
toward the reviewed product was slightly
worse when participants saw the low-anger
review than when they saw the no-anger
review.
D) Compared with participants who saw the
low-anger review, participants who saw the
high-anger review rated the review as less
helpful and had a less positive attitude
toward the reviewed product.

1 1
Archaeologists and historians used to believe 13
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that the Maya civilization during its Classic Which choice most logically completes the
period (roughly 250–900) lacked agricultural text?
Line marketplaces. One reason for this belief was
5 that these scholars misunderstood the ecology A) marketplaces likely would not have
of the regions the Maya inhabited. attracted many traders from outside the
Marketplaces typically emerge because different regions controlled by the Maya.
individuals or groups want to trade resources
B) farming practices would have been largely
they control for resources they don’t control.
the same throughout Maya lands even if
10 Scholars seriously underestimated the
ecological diversity of the Maya landscape and the crops people produced varied
thus assumed that ______ significantly.
C) marketplaces would not have enabled
Maya people to acquire many products
different from those they already
produced.
D) farmers would trade agricultural products
only if they had already produced enough
to meet their own needs.
In 1998 the United States Department of 14

Transportation received nearly 10,000 Which of the following, if true, most seriously
consumer complaints about airlines; in 1999 it weakens the argument?
Line received over 20,000. Moreover, the number of
5 complaints per 100,000 passengers also more A) Although the percentage of flights that
than doubled. In both years the vast majority of arrived on time dropped slightly overall,
complaints concerned flight delays, from 77 percent in 1998 to 76 percent in
cancellations, mishandled baggage, and 1999, some United States airlines’ 1999 on-
customer service. Clearly, therefore, despite the time rate was actually better than their
10 United States airline industry’s serious efforts to 1998 on-time rate.
improve performance in these areas, passenger
dissatisfaction with airline service increased B) The number of passengers flying on
significantly in 1999. United States airlines was significantly
higher in 1999 than in 1998.
C) Fewer bags per 1,000 passengers flying on
United States airlines were lost or delayed
in 1999 than in 1998.
D) The appearance in 1999 of many new
Internet sites that relay complaints directly
to the Department of Transportation has
made filing a complaint about airlines
much easier for consumers than ever
before.

1 1
In vertical inheritance, parents pass genes to 15
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their offspring, but in horizontal transfer (HT), Which finding, if true, would most directly
one species, often bacteria, passes genetic support the team’s conclusion?
Line material to an unrelated species. In a 2022
5 study, herpetologist Atsushi Kurabayashi and A) BovB can be transmitted across frog species
his team investigated HT in multicellular through HT.
organisms—namely, snakes and frogs in
B) Parasites known to feed on species of
Madagascar. The team detected BovB—a gene
snakes and frogs in which the BovB gene
transmitted vertically in snakes—in many frog
10 species. The apparent direction of gene transfer occurs also carry BovB.
seems counterintuitive because frogs usually C) BovB cannot be reliably transmitted from a
don’t survive encounters with snakes and so snake species to bacteria that are usually
wouldn’t be able to transmit the newly acquired encountered by frog species.
gene to offspring, but the team concluded that D) Frog species with BovB show few
15 BovB is indeed transmitted from snakes to discernible advantages as compared with
frogs, either directly or indirectly, via HT. frog species that do not carry BovB.
The study of the region beyond Neptune 16

known as the Kuiper Belt uncovered a whole Which choice completes the text so that it
range of objects, including comets and other
conforms to the conventions of Standard
Line small, frozen bodies. Then, in 2005, a team of
English?
5 astronomers announced the discovery of a
Kuiper Belt object called Eris. Measuring 2,300 A) dozen’s, if not hundred’s,
kilometers across, Eris is roughly the same size
B) dozens, if not hundreds,
as Pluto and two-thirds the size of the Moon.
Following this discovery, astronomers realized C) dozens’, if not hundreds’,
10 that ________ more Kuiper Belt objects may D) dozens’, if not hundreds,
exist.

1 1
A planet was defined as a celestial body that 17
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(a) orbits the ________ (b) has enough mass Which choice completes the text so that it
for its gravity to form it into a spherical shape,
Line and (c) has cleared other objects from its orbit.
English?
5 Pluto, like its newfound neighbors, failed to
meet criterion (c). It was thus reclassified as a A) Sun,
dwarf planet, the class of celestial object
B) Sun, as well as
meeting only the first two criteria.
C) Sun; also
D) Sun, a body that
Skills-based volunteers help nonprofits carry 18

out charitable ________ their own Which choice completes the text so that it
professional skills, thus benefiting their conforms to the conventions of Standard
employers, their neighbors, and themselves. English?
A) missions, build
B) missions, meanwhile, they build
C) missions in the building of
D) missions while building

1 1
When Mentors for Excellence, a Boston- 19
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based nonprofit, was struggling to Which choice completes the text so that it
communicate its mission to the public, a team
Line of writers, editors, and product managers—
English?
5 volunteering professionals who worked for
other ________ signed on to generate a A) companies,
communications guide for the organization.
B) companies—
The team developed audience-focused
messages and then trained mentors to C) companies;
10 communicate those messages to the clients. D) companies
Another benefit of skills-based volunteering 20

(SBV) is the opportunity it provides for
Which choice completes the text so that it
professionals to sharpen their skills outside of
Line the workplace. Some businesses, such as Safeco,
5 a Seattle-based insurance company, even English?
________ SBV as a form of professional A) uses
development.
B) has used
C) use
D) is using

1 1
In 1946, following the atrocities of the 21
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Second World War, the newly formed United Which choice completes the text so that it
Nations created a Human Rights Commission
Line to promote and safeguard human rights. The
English?
5 commission was charged with the task of
drafting a Universal Declaration of Human A) this document would represent
Rights, ________ the UN’s moral position on
B) it would represent
the issue (though it would not be legally
binding). C) this document’s representation of
D) a document that would represent
According to a 2007 study by the Portland, 22

Oregon, Parks and Recreation Department, Which choice completes the text so that it
trees reduce energy costs by $751,000 annually, conforms to the conventions of Standard
Line save the city $11.5 million in storm-water English?
5 processing, and contribute $13.7 million in
aesthetic benefits. Perceived as a cleaner, more A) many trees bring a city the added benefit
attractive place to live and work, ______ of higher property values.
B) a city with many trees also benefits from
higher property values.
C) higher property values are another
benefit brought to a city with many trees.
D) in a city with many trees, higher property
values are an added benefit.

1 1
Until 1903, few visitors could gain access to 23
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Sequoia National Park in California’s Sierra Which choice completes the text with the
Nevada mountain range: there was no
most logical transition?
Line completed road. The US Army had managed to
5 complete only about six miles of the road to the A) Nevertheless,
Park. Army Captain Charles Young, however,
B) Additionally,
was not deterred. In June 1903, under Young’s
command, the soldiers began work on the road. C) Thus,
By the middle of August, vehicles could enter D) Still,
10 the park. Young and his troops had succeeded
where no one else had. Although he had his
troops send most of their efforts into the road,
Young was just as concerned with maintaining
the park’s natural features. His troops guarded
15 the grounds against illegal grazing, poaching,
and logging. ________ since tourist foot traffic
tended to damage some of the giant trees in the
park, Young had his soldiers place fences
around the most damaged trees to protect them
20 from further harm.
Roosevelt quickly realized that the delegates 24

of the commission held widely different
positions on the nature and scope of human
rights. While those schooled in Western most logical transition?
Line
5 democratic traditions believed that individual A) however,
rights were most important, Communist
delegates insisted that common interests were B) nonetheless,
more important than individual ones. These C) for example,
differences led to prolonged debates. Points D) moreover,
10 concerning freedom of speech, ________were
hotly contested, as delegates disagreed on
whether governments should be able to limit
such rights

1 1
The Voynich Manuscript is a book of nearly 25
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200 pages of fantastical illustrations and Which choice completes the text with the
elegant calligraphy that might provide valuable
Line information to historians and linguists alike;
5 the problem is that no one can read it. Despite A) alternately,
the fact that images of the pages of the
B) instead,
manuscript are widely available on the
Internet, no one has yet been able to C) therefore,
definitively determine the meaning or purpose D) similarly,
10 of the book. Researchers from many different
fields have taken on the task of deciphering the
manuscript. Approaching it as an encrypted
message to decode, cryptologists have
examined the manuscript using every available
15 decryption method, not one of which has been
successful. Most cryptologists, ________ have
concluded that the manuscript either is not
written in code at all or is written in a code so
complex that it is impervious to current
20 decoding techniques.

26 27
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• In 1897, African American inventor Andrew • In 1971, experimental musician Pauline Oliveros
Beard invented an automatic coupler. created Sonic Meditations.
• It improved on the existing design of train car • Sonic Meditations is not music but rather a
couplers. series of sound-based exercises called
• It made the job of connecting train cars safer. meditations.
• In 1938, African American inventor Frederick • Each meditation consists of instructions for
Jones invented a mobile refrigeration system. participants to make, imagine, listen to, or
remember sounds.
• It improved on the existing design of food
transport trucks. • The instructions for Meditation V state, "walk so
silently that the bottoms of your feet become
• It enabled trucks to carry perishable foods
farther ears."
• Those for Meditation XVIII state, "listen to a
The student wants to emphasize a similarity sound until you no longer recognize it.
between Beard's invention and Jones's invention.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant The student wants to provide an explanation and
information from the notes to accomplish this an example of Oliveros's Sonic Meditations. Which
goal? choice most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Jones's mobile refrigeration system, which he
invented in 1938, made it possible for food A) Sonic Meditations is not music but rather a
transport trucks to carry perishable foods series of sound-based meditations that consist
farther. of instructions; Meditation XVIII, for
instance, instructs participants to "listen to a
B) In 1897, Beard invented an automatic coupler, sound until you no longer recognize it."
which made the job of connecting train cars B) While both meditations consist of
safer.
instructions, Meditation XVIII instructs
C) Beard's automatic coupler and Jones's mobile participants to "listen," whereas Meditation V
refrigeration system both improved on instructs participants to "walk."
existing designs. C) In 1971, Oliveros created Sonic Meditations, a
D) Beard's invention made the job of connecting series of meditations that consist of
train cars safer, whereas Jones's invention instructions for participants to make, imagine,
enabled food transport trucks to carry listen to, or remember sounds.
perishables farther. D) Walk so silently that the bottoms of your feet
become ears is one example of the
instructions found in Oliveros's Sonic
Meditations.
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.
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Module
2
Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS - 32 MINUTES
DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and

writing skills. Each question includes one or more passages, which may include a
table or graph. Read each passage and question carefully, and then choose the
best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each
question has a single best answer.

1 1
A black hole is a region in space containing 1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
a mass so dense that not even light can escape Which choice completes the text with the
its gravity. Black holes are invisible, but most logical and precise word or phrase?
Line astronomers can find them by ______ their
5 gravitational pull on other objects. Matter A) trailing
being pulled into a black hole gathers around B) traversing
it like storm debris circling a tornado’s center.
C) monitoring
As this cosmic stuff rubs together it produces
friction and light, making black holes among D) paralleling
10 the universe’s brightest objects.
We must remind ourselves that computers 2

are not the first machines to which human
attributes have been ______. Once
Line mechanical clocks thrilled audiences in
5 eighteenth-century France. Today the A) allotted
highspeed electronic computer is endowed by
B) appointed
us with a mystique we would not accord a
mechanical machine of gears and levers, no C) relocated
matter how complicated. But in 1832 when D) ascribed
10 Charles Babbage in England invented a
mechanical calculator, a contemporary wrote
that “the wondrous pulp and fibre of the brain
has been substituted by brass and iron; he
(Babbage) has taught wheelwork to think."

1 1
Historians credit repeated locust invasions in 3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
the nineteenth century with reshaping United Which choice completes the text with the
States agriculture west of the Mississippi River. most logical and precise word or phrase?
Line Wheat had come to nearly monopolize the
5 region, but it was particularly vulnerable to the A) demanding
locusts. In 1873, just before the locusts’ most B) productive
withering offensive, nearly two-thirds of C) vigorous
Minnesota farmland was producing wheat; by
the invasions’ last year, that fraction had D) rich
10 dropped to less than one-sixth. Farmers learned
that peas and beans were far less vulnerable to
the insects, and corn was a more ______ grain
than wheat. In addition to planting alternative
crops, many farmers turned to dairy and beef
production.
Modern agricultural practices have been 4

extremely successful in increasing the
productivity of major food crops, yet despite
Line heavy use of pesticides, _________ losses to
5 diseases and insect pests are sustained each A) incongruous
year. B) considerable
C) equitable
D) fortuitous

1 1
Skeptics contend that any scheme for 5
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charging visitors to Web sites that rewards the Which choice completes the text with the
vendor adequately would require steep prices, most logical and precise word or phrase?
Line ________ the kind of frequent, casual use of
5 Web sites that surfers now take for granted. A) reversing
B) forbidding
C) provoking
D) inhibiting
There are two small islets off the Croatian 6

coast called Pod Kopiste and Pod Mrcaru. In Based on the text, Herrel and his colleagues’
1971 a population of common Mediterranean presumption that the lizards on Pod Mrcaru
Line lizards, Podarcis sicula, which mainly eat were descended from the five pairs the
5 insects, was present on Pod Kopiste but there earlier scientists released depended on
were none on Pod Mrcaru. In that year
experimenters transported five pairs of Podarcis A) identifying the lizards as Podarcis sicula
sicula from Pod Kopiste and released them on and assuming that the species was absent
Pod Mrcaru. Then, in 2008, another group of from Pod Mrcaru until 1971.
10 mainly Belgian scientists, associated with B) determining that the physical
Anthony Herrel, visited the islands to see what characteristics observed in the lizards on
had happened. They found a flourishing Pod Mrcaru were also found in some
population of lizards on Pod Mrcaru, which individuals on Pod Kopiste.
DNA analysis confirmed were indeed Podarcis
C) using DNA analysis to determine family
15 sicula. These are presumed to have descended
relationships between lizards on Pod
from the original five pairs that were is
Mrcaru and those on Pod Kopiste.
transported. Herrel and his colleagues made
observations on the descendants of the D) eliminating the possibility that any lizards
transported lizards, and compared them with other than Podarcis sicula could have
20 lizards living on the original ancestral island. become established on Pod Mrcaru since
There were marked differences. 1971.

1 1
For centuries, the widespread 7
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acknowledgment of the involvement of the Which choice best states the main idea of the
cerebellum—a dense brain structure in text?
Line vertebrates—in coordinating motor control in
5 humans has hindered recognition of other A) The recent verification of a pathway
possible functions of the structure. between the VTA and the cerebellum
Neuroscience research from the last two confirms the cerebellum’s long-suspected
decades now suggests that the cerebellum role in motor coordination.
regulates emotion and social behavior, and B) Recent advances in the field of
10 recent research by Ilaria Carta and colleagues neuroscience have challenged widely
has identified a pathway connecting the accepted claims about the function of a
cerebellum to a center for motivation and pathway connecting the VTA and the
reward processing known as the ventral cerebellum.
tegmental area (VTA). C) The cerebellum has primarily been
thought to regulate motor functioning,
but in recent years neuroscience
researchers have been uncovering
additional functions.
D) Technological limitations have
historically hindered the study of the
cerebellum, but the recent development
of new technologies has led to greater
insights into its functions.
Using NASA’s powerful James Webb Space 8

Telescope (JWST), Mercedes López-Morales Which choice best describes the overall
and colleagues measured the wavelengths of structure of the text?
Line light traveling through the atmosphere of
5 WASP-39b, an exoplanet, or planet outside our A) It discusses a method used by some
solar system. Different molecules absorb researchers, then states why an alternative
different wavelengths of light, and the method is superior to it.
wavelength measurements showed the presence B) It describes how researchers made a
of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in WASP-39b’s scientific discovery, then explains the
10 atmosphere. This finding not only offers the importance of that discovery.
first decisive evidence of CO₂ in the atmosphere C) It outlines the steps taken in a scientific
of an exoplanet but also illustrates the potential study, then presents a hypothesis based
for future scientific breakthroughs held by the on that study.
JWST. D) It examines how a group of scientists
reached a conclusion, then shows how
other scientists have challenged that
conclusion.
CO NTI N U E
1 1
While the influence of British magazines in 9
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
shaping public opinion predates the nineteenth Which choice best describes the function of
century, it was during the 1800s that mass the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
Line distribution became possible and an explosion
5 in periodical readership occurred, vastly A) To illustrate a point about the ability of
increasing magazines’ opinion-shaping powers. magazines to sway public opinion.
The role of magazines as arbiters of nineteenth- B) To contrast the kinds of entertainment
century taste is seen in their depictions of the presented in East End and West End
London theater. The magazines accorded some theaters.
10 legitimacy to East End working-class theaters C) To make a point about how spectators’
that mirrored the format of the fashionable tastes influenced the offerings at different
West End theaters serving middle- and upper- kinds of theaters.
class audiences. However, the magazines also
D) To explain how magazines chose which
depicted music halls—which competed for
kinds of entertainment to cover.
15 patronage with all theaters—as places where
crass entertainment corrupted spectators’ taste
and morals. Finally, they suggested that popular
demand for substandard fare created a market
unfriendly to higher expressions of dramatic art.
The following text is adapted from 10

Gwendolyn Bennett's 1926 poem "Street Lamps
Which choice best describes the overall
in Early Spring."
structure of the text?
Night wears a garment
A) It presents alternating descriptions of
All velvet soft, all violet blue... night in a rural area and in a city.
And over her face she draws a veil B) It sketches an image of nightfall, then an
As shimmering fine as floating dew… image of sunrise.
And here and there C) It makes an extended comparison of night
In the black of her hair to a human being.
The subtle hands of Night D) It portrays how night changes from one
Move slowly with their gem-starred light. season of the year to the next.

1 1
11
..................................................................................................................................................................
The share of the world’s population living

in cities has increased dramatically since Which choice most effectively uses data from
1970, but this change has not been uniform. the graph to complete the assertion?
Line France and Japan, for example, were already
5 heavily urbanized in 1970, with 70% or more A) less than 20% urban in 1970 to more than
of the population living in cities. The main 50% urban in 2020.
contributors to the world’s urbanization since B) less than 40% urban in 1970 to around
1970 have been countries like Algeria, whose 90% urban in 2020.
population went from ______ C) around 40% urban in 1970 to more than
70% urban in 2020.
D) around 50% urban in 1970 to around 90%
urban in 2020.

1 1
Text 1 12
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The author of Text 2 would most likely
Just how overcrowded is Earth anyway? criticize the author of Text 1 for
Certainly the world is filled with empty places.
A flight almost anywhere reveals vast expanses A) using incorrect data to support a flawed
Line of unoccupied land. Cities cover only a small conclusion.
5 percentage of Earth. Indeed, when we look at B) severely overstating the extent of a global
the world’s population relative to the land problem.
available, we find out just how underpopulated
C) allowing personal prejudice to interfere
the world is. A noted economist recently put
with scientific inquiry.
Earth’s population in perspective by asking
10 what would happen if the world’s six billion D) focusing on the wrong factor in
people were put into the land area of Texas. His considering an issue.
answer: each person would have an area equal
to the floor space of a typical U.S. home. And he
further notes that some dues in the United
15 States contain enough land area to provide
standing room for the entire global population.
Text 2
The idea that the number of people per

square mile is a key determinant of population
pressure is as widespread as it is wrong. The key
20 issue in judging overpopulation is not how
many people can fit into any given space but
whether Earth can supply the population’s long-
term requirement for food, water, and other
resources. Most of the “empty” land in the
25 United States, for example, either grows the
food essential to our well-being or supplies us
with raw materials. Densely populated countries
and cities can be crowded only because the rest
of the world is not.

1 1
The average temperature of the lobster-rich 13
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
waters off the coast of Foerkland has been Which of the following, if true, most seriously
increasing for some years. In warmer water,
weakens the argument?
Line lobsters grow faster. In particular, lobster larvae
5 take less time to reach the size at which they are A) There are indications that in recent years
no longer vulnerable to predation by young the fishing fleet operating off the coast of
cod, the chief threat to their survival. Foerkland has been taking cod at an
Consequently, the survival rate of lobster larvae unsustainably high rate.
must be going up, and the lobster population in
10 Foerkland’s coastal waters is bound to increase. B) The increase in water temperatures off
Foerkland has not been as pronounced as
the increase in average soil temperatures
in Foerkland.
C) Because of their speeded-up growth,
lobsters now get large enough to be legal
catch before they reach reproductive
maturity.
D) Even though lobsters grow faster in
warmer waters, warmer waters have no
effect on the maximum size to which a
lobster can eventually grow
Scientists studying Mars long thought the 14

history of its crust was relatively simple. One Which choice most logically completes the
reason for this is that geologic and climate data text?
Line collected by a spacecraft showed that the crust
5 was largely composed of basalt, likely as a result A) the information about silica concentrations
of intense volcanic activity that brought about a collected by the spacecraft is likely more
magma ocean, which then cooled to form the reliable than the silica information gleaned
planet’s surface. A study led by Valerie Payré from infrared wavelengths detected from
focused on additional information—further Mars’s surface.
10 analysis of data collected by the spacecraft and
B) high silica concentrations on Mars likely
infrared wavelengths detected from Mars’s
formed from a different process than that
surface—that revealed the presence of
surprisingly high concentrations of silica in which formed the crusts of otherplanets.
certain regions on Mars. Since a planetary C) having a clearer understanding of the
15 surface that formed in a mostly basaltic composition of Mars’s crust and the
environment would be unlikely to contain large processes by which it formed will provide
amounts of silica, Payré concluded that ______ more insight into how Earth’s crust
formed.
D) Mars’s crust likely formed as a result of
other major geological events in addition to
the cooling of a magma ocean.

1 1
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), 15
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
a band of clouds that encircles Earth in the Which finding from Asmerom and
tropics and is a major rainfall source, shifts
colleagues’ study, if true, would most directly
Line position in response to temperature variations
support their conclusion?
5 across Earth’s hemispheres. Data from
Huagapo Cave in Peru suggest the ITCZ shifted
A) Neither the Yok Balum data nor the
south during the Little Ice Age (circa 1300–
Huagapo data show significant local
1850), but a shift as far into South America as
variations in temperature during the
Huagapo should have led to dry conditions in
10 Central America, which is inconsistent with Little Ice Age.
climate models. To resolve the issue, geologist B) Both the Yok Balum data and the
Yemane Asmerom and colleagues collected Huagapo data show increased
data from Yok Balum Cave in Central America temperatures and prolonged dry
and compared them with the Huagapo data. conditions during the Little Ice Age.
15 They concluded that during the Little Ice Age, C) The Yok Balum data show prolonged dry
the ITCZ may have expanded northward and conditions during the same portions of
southward rather than simply shifted. the Little Ice Age in which the Huagapo
data show heightened levels of rainfall.
D) The Yok Balum data and the Huagapo
data show strongly correlated patterns of
high rainfall during the Little Ice Age.
Last June while I was visiting family in 16

Maine, my uncle Lee invited me, a total city
girl, to his “summer office”—a nickname for his Which choice completes the text so that it
boat. He’s a teacher, but in the summer he conforms to the conventions of Standard
Line
5 salvages sunken logs from lakes and sells them. English?
On the boat, a monitor displayed and showed
A) that Uncle Lee thought
the underwater video camera’s view: the boat’s
grapple arm reaching for a log ________ was B) that, Uncle Lee, thought
birch. C) that, Uncle Lee thought
D) that Uncle Lee thought,

1 1
Stax Records of Memphis, Tennessee, may 17
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
be less renowned than Detroit’s Motown, but Which choice completes the text so that it
its contributions to 1960s American soul music
Line were no less significant. Despite the pervasive
English?
5 segregation of Memphis in the 1960s, the Stax
staff and house band were fully integrated. The A) were contributing
“Stax family” also included people of various
B) had contributed
ages and economic backgrounds, all of them
________ to Stax’s unique sound. C) contributing
D) contributed
In 2002, Anderson’s fascination with 18

technology contributed to her being named the Which choice completes the text so that it
first artist in residence at NASA, where she was
Line given free rein to explore the facilities in search
English?
5 of inspiration. Drawing on her NASA
experiences, Anderson wrote and produced a A) stimulating exactly
ninety-minute performance art piece titled The
B) stimulating: and
End of the Moon. While sweeping the bow over
the strings of a viola, Anderson manipulates the C) stimulating—
10 music via a laptop computer. The string music D) stimulating;
is transformed into electronic sounds, which
then reverberate into futuristic, otherworldly
music. The result is surreal and ________ what
you might expect from NASA’s inaugural artist
15 in residence.

1 1
At the Broadway Station of the Long Island 19
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Rail Road in Flushing, Queens, commuters Which choice completes the text so that it
ponder a mural spanning over three hundred
Line square feet on the station’s south wall. The
English?
5 mural, titled Celadon Remnants, is artist Jean
Shin’s homage to the Korean American A) visually representing her dual identity
community in Flushing. When she was was a means sought by Shin
commissioned by the Metropolitan
B) sought by Shin was a means of visually
Transportation Authority of New York City to
10 produce a site-specific artwork, ________ as representing her dual identity
an American and a Korean. She chose to use C) a means of visually representing her dual
traditional celadon pottery, albeit in a new way. identity was sought by Shin
D) Shin sought a means of visually
representing her dual identity
In today’s scanners, a laser sends light back 20

and forth across a bar code. While the black
Which choice completes the text so that it
lines absorb the light, the white lines reflect it
back at a fixed mirror inside the scanner. In conforms to the conventions of Standard
Line
5 this way, the scanner reads the symbology and English?
decodes the information. Bar codes are used A) we have almost certainly exceeded even
not only for a pack of gum or an airline ticket, inventors’ expectations.
but also for research. In one study, for instance,
tiny bar codes were placed on bees to track B) exceeding inventors’ expectations about
10 their activities. Shaping the way we gather, bar codes has almost certainly been done.
track, and share information, ________ C) bar codes have almost certainly exceeded
even inventors’ expectations.
D) it is almost certain that we have exceeded
even inventors’ expectations.

1 1
My roses are not your average hybrid-tea 21
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
roses (those long-stemmed, special occasion Which choice completes the text so that it
roses with well-formed buds). Mine are antique
Line roses, old or heirloom varieties, that have
English?
5 existed in gardens worldwide for centuries.
Compared to ________ antique rose colors A) vibrant hybrid-tea colors,
tend to be muted. Their stems are also shorter,
B) vibrant hybrid-tea, colors,
and their buds are a bit droopier. Their
fragrance, however, is unmatched. C) vibrant, hybrid-tea colors,
D) vibrant hybrid-tea colors
Between the fifth and twelfth centuries, scops 22

were professional poets who sang or recited Which choice completes the text with the
poetry at ceremonies. Skilled scops were valued most logical transition?
Line highly in Anglo-Saxon society that they were
5 sometimes granted extra rewards for their A) generally,
talents. There are, ________ several records of B) in other words,
royals giving land to deserving scops. Coins or
gold rings—these could be quite useful—were C) nonetheless,
common gifts for scops which did well. D) in fact,

1 1
To create a bar code scanner, Woodland 23
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
and Silver adapted technology from an optical Which choice completes the text with the
movie sound system. Their prototype scanner
Line used a 500-watt bulb, a photomultiplier tube (a
5 device that detects light), and an oscilloscope A) For example,
(a device that translates electronic signals into
B) As a result,
readable information). Although successful,
the contraption was both large and costly. C) However,
________ progress stalled until the 1970s, D) Even so,
10 when laser technology (both more compact
and less expensive) became available.
The Voynich Manuscript is a book of nearly 24

200 pages of fantastical illustrations and
elegant calligraphy that might provide valuable Which choice completes the text with the
Line information to historians and linguists alike; most logical transition?
5 the problem is that no one can read it. Some
A) Considering a different theory,
researchers have taken a statistical approach,
examining how frequently different B) Despite this method’s advantages,
arrangements of letters occur in various C) Instead of advocating that approach,
sections of the manuscript. ________ physicist D) In one recent analysis,
10 Marcelo Montemurro found that certain
arrangements appear with greater frequency in
certain sections. This phenomenon occurs
naturally in texts written in real languages, and
it is very difficult to fake, which has convinced
15 Montemurro and others that the manuscript is
probably not, in fact, pure nonsense.

1 1
Worker cooperatives (or co-ops) are 25
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
different from traditional businesses: rather Which choice completes the text with the
than being owned by investors, co-ops are
Line owned and operated by their workers. Worker
5 co-ops provide more opportunities and A) appoint a manager that all employees
incentives for worker participation than agree upon.
traditional companies do. Whereas traditional
B) demonstrate an excellent record of
companies sometimes have management that is
removed from the day-to-day operations of the preventing job losses.
10 business, worker-managed co-ops typically C) maintain a positive approach to
________ Dana Curtis, a worker at the Black problems.
Star Co-op, recalls how many good ideas her D) draw on the firsthand experience of
coworkers proposed to deal with long lines: workers in order to promote effective
“When we have struggles, we have really practices.
15 creative ways of solving them,” she said. “We
have so many minds that see the everyday
work.”

26 27
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Platinum is a rare and expensive metal. • Annie Wu is a prominent American flutist who
• It is used as a catalyst for chemical reactions. graduated from the New England Conservatory.
• Platinum catalysts typically require a large • She has won multiple national flute
amount of platinum to be effective. competitions.
• Researcher Jianbo Tang and his colleagues • She is best known for a 2011 YouTube video
created a platinum catalyst that combines that has been viewed over two million times.
platinum with liquid gallium. • The video shows her performing Three Beats
• Their catalyst was highly effective and required for Beatbox Flute, an original work by composer
only trace amounts of platinum (0.0001% of the Greg Pattillo.
atoms in the mixture). • Wu combines flute playing and beatboxing in
the video.
The student wants to explain an advantage of the
new platinum catalyst developed by Jianbo Tang The student wants to emphasize Wu's most well-
and his colleagues. Which choice most effectively known achievement. Which choice most
uses relevant information from the notes to effectively uses relevant information from the
accomplish this goal? notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Like other platinum catalysts, the new A) Annie Wu is best known for a 2011 YouTube
platinum catalyst requires a particular video performance of Three Beats for Beatbox
amount of the metal to be effective. Flute that has been viewed over two million
B) Platinum is a rare and expensive metal that is times.
used as a catalyst for chemical reactions; B) Among her many achievements, prominent
however, platinum catalysts typically require American flutist Annie Wu graduated from
a large amount of platinum to be effective. the New England Conservatory and has won
C) While still highly effective, the new platinum multiple national flute competitions.
catalyst requires far less of the rare and C) Composer Greg Pattillo's original work Three
expensive metal than do other platinum Beats for Beatbox Flute combines flute playing
catalysts. and beatboxing.
D) Researcher Jianbo Tang and his colleagues D) Annie Wu, who has won multiple national
created a platinum catalyst that combines flute competitions, has also combined flute
platinum, a rare and expensive metal, with playing and beatboxing.
liquid gallium.
STOP
Module
1
Math
27 QUESTIONS
DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.
NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.
REFERENCE
A =nr 2
C=2nr
A= l w ½
A = bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
V= l wh V= nr 2 h π
V =4/3 r3 ⅓
V= nr 2 h ⅓
V = l wh
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct
answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.
For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3 ), write it as an improper
½
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

1 4
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 The function f is defined by f (x) = (x + 3)(x + 1) .
The graph of f in the xy-plane is a parabola. Which
In the equation above, a, b, c, and d are constants.
of the following intervals contains the x-coordinate
If the equation has roots −1 , −3 , and 5, which of the of the vertex of the graph of f ?
following is a factor of ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d ?
A) −4 < x < −3
A) x − 1 B) −3 < x < 1
B) x + 1 C) 1<x<3
C) x − 3 D) 3<x<4
D) x + 5
2 5
A company that makes wildlife videos purchases Which of the following expressions is equivalent to
camera equipment for $32,400. The equipment
depreciates in value at a constant rate for 12 years, x 2 − 2x − 5
?
after which it is considered to have no monetary x−3
value. How much is the camera equipment worth
20
4 years after it is purchased? A) x − 5 −
x−3
A) $10,800
10
B) $16,200 B) x − 5 −
x−3
C) $21,600
8
D) $29,700 C) x + 1 −
x−3
2
D) x + 1 −
x−3
3
1
x−2y 2
The expression 1
, where x > 1 and y > 1, is 6
3 −1
x y y = 19.99 + 1.50x
equivalent to which of the following? The equation above models the total cost y, in
dollars, that a company charges a customer to rent a
y truck for one day and drive the truck x miles. The
A) total cost consists of a flat fee plus a charge per mile
3
x2 driven. When the equation is graphed in the
xy-plane, what does the y-intercept of the graph
y y represent in terms of the model?
B) 3
x2 A) A flat fee of $19.99
y y B) A charge per mile of $1.50
C)
x x C) A charge per mile of $19.99
D) Total daily charges of $21.49
y y
D)
x2 3 x
7 10
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A cylindrical can containing pieces of fruit is filled to Subscriptions
Year
the top with syrup before being sealed. The base of sold
the can has an area of 75 cm2, and the height of the 2012 5,600
2013 5,880
can is 10 cm. If 110 cm3 of syrup is needed to fill the
can to the top, which of the following is closest to the The manager of an online news service received the
total volume of the pieces of fruit in the can? report above on the number of subscriptions sold by
the service. The manager estimated that the percent
A) 7.5 cm3 increase from 2012 to 2013 would be double the
percent increase from 2013 to 2014. How many
B) 185 cm3 subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold
in 2014?
C) 640 cm3
A) 6,020
D) 750 cm3
B) 6,027
C) 6,440
D) 6,468
8
A circle in the xy‑plane has equation
(x + 3)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 25. Which of the following
points does NOT lie in the interior of the circle?
11
A) (−7, 3)
B) (−3, 1) y
C) (0, 0) y = f(x)
D) (3, 2) (3, 6)
x
O
9
The world’s population has grown at an average rate
of 1.9 percent per year since 1945. There were In the xy‑plane above, a point (not shown) with
approximately 4 billion people in the world in 1975. coordinates (s, t ) lies on the graph of the linear
Which of the following functions represents the function f. If s and t are positive integers, what is
world’s population P, in billions of people, the ratio of t to s ?
t years since 1975 ? (1 billion = 1,000,000,000)
A) 1 to 3
A) P(t ) = 4(1.019)t B) 1 to 2
t
B) P(t ) = 4(1.9) C) 2 to 1
C) P(t ) = 1.19t + 4 D) 3 to 1
D) P(t ) = 1.019t + 4

12 14
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Roberto is an insurance agent who sells two types of 2x + 6 + 4 = x + 3
policies: a $50,000 policy and a $100,000 policy. Last
month, his goal was to sell at least 57 insurance What is the solution set of the equation above?
policies. While he did not meet his goal, the total A) {−1}
value of the policies he sold was over $3,000,000.
Which of the following systems of inequalities B) {5}
describes x, the possible number of $50,000 policies, C) {−1, 5}
and y, the possible number of $100,000 policies, that
Roberto sold last month? D) {0, −1, 5}
A) x + y < 57
50,000x + 100,000y < 3,000,000
15
B) x + y > 57
50,000x + 100,000y > 3,000,000 The weights, in pounds, for 15 horses in a stable were
reported, and the mean, median, range, and standard
C) x + y < 57 deviation for the data were found. The horse with the
50,000x + 100,000y > 3,000,000 lowest reported weight was found to actually weigh
10 pounds less than its reported weight. What value
D) x + y > 57 remains unchanged if the four values are reported
using the corrected weight?
50,000x + 100,000y < 3,000,000
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Range
13 D) Standard deviation
In the xy-plane, the point (p, r ) lies on the line with
equation y = x + b , where b is a constant. The point

16
with coordinates (2p, 5r ) lies on the line with y
equation y = 2x + b. If p ≠ 0, what is the

10
r
value of ?
p x
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3
2
A) –10
5
3
B) Which of the following could be the equation of the
4 graph above?
4
C) A) y = x(x − 2)(x + 3)
3
B) y = x 2(x − 2)(x + 3)
5
D) C) y = x(x + 2)(x − 3)
2
D) y = x 2(x + 2)(x − 3)

17 19
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Number of Contestants by Score and Day y
5 4 3 2 1 0
out out out out out out
of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 Total
Day 1 2 3 4 6 2 3 20 3
Day 2 2 3 5 5 4 1 20
Day 3 3 3 4 5 3 2 20
y = f(x)
Total 7 9 13 16 9 6 60 2
The same 20 contestants, on each of 3 days, answered

1
5 questions in order to win a prize. Each contestant
received 1 point for each correct answer. The number of
contestants receiving a given score on each day is shown x
in the table above. –2 –1 O 1 2 3
The graph of the linear function f is shown in the

No contestant received the same score on two
xy-plane above. The graph of the linear function g
different days. If a contestant is selected at random,
what is the probability that the selected contestant (not shown) is perpendicular to the graph of f
received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that and passes through the point (1, 3). What is the
the contestant received a score of 5 on one of the value of g (0) ?
three days?
18 20
N Q
70° 100°
P
60° C
M R
Point C is the center of the circle above. What
In the figure above, MQ and NR intersect at fraction of the area of the circle is the area of the
shaded region?
point P, NP = QP , and MP = PR. What is the
measure, in degrees, of ∠QMR ? (Disregard the
degree symbol when gridding your answer.)

21 22
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
y Penicillin
Minutes after concentration
12 injection (micrograms
per milliliter)
10
y = (x) 0 200
8 5 152
6 10 118
15 93
4 20 74
2 200
(micrograms per milliliter)

Penicillin concentration
0 x
0 1 150
The graph of the function f, defined by 100

1
f (x) = − (x − 4)2 + 10, is shown in the xy-plane 50
2
above. If the function g (not shown) is defined by
0
0 5 10 15 20
g (x) = −x + 10 , what is one possible value of a such
Time (minutes)
that f (a) = g(a) ?
When a patient receives a penicillin injection, the kidneys begin
removing the penicillin from the body. The table and graph above
show the penicillin concentration in a patient’s bloodstream at 5-
minute intervals for the 20 minutes immediately following a one-
time penicillin injection.
The penicillin concentration, in micrograms per
milliliter, in the patient’s bloodstream t minutes after
the penicillin injection is modeled by the function P

t
defined by P(t ) = 200b 5 . If P approximates the
values in the table to within 10 micrograms per
milliliter, what is the value of b, rounded to the
nearest tenth?
STOP
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.
Module
2
Math
27 QUESTIONS
DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.
NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.
REFERENCE
A =nr 2
C=2nr
A= l w ½
A = bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
V= l wh V= nr 2 h V= 4/3πr3 V= ⅓πr h
2
1
V = 3 l wh
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct
answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.
For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
½
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3 ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

1 3
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Two units of length used in ancient Egypt were Biologists found a new species of pale shrimp at the
cubits and palms, where 1 cubit is equivalent to world’s deepest undersea vent, the Beebe Vent Field.
7 palms. The Great Sphinx statue in Giza is The vent is 3.1 miles below the sea’s surface.
approximately 140 cubits long. Which of the Approximately how many kilometers below the sea’s
following best approximates the length, in palms, of surface is the vent? (1 kilometer ≈ 0.6214 miles)
the Great Sphinx statue? A) 2
A) 0.05 B) 3
B) 20 C) 4
C) 140 D) 5
D) 980
4
The line graphed in the xy-plane below models the
total cost, in dollars, for a cab ride, y, in a certain city
during nonpeak hours based on the number of miles
2 traveled, x.
Total Cost for a Cab Ride
B y
x° D
C 15
y°
20°
A
Cost (dollars)
40° 10
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 5
In the figure above, AD intersects BE at C. If

x = 100, what is the value of y ?
0 x
A) 100 0 5 10
Distance traveled (miles)
B) 90
C) 80 According to the graph, what is the cost for each
D) 60 additional mile traveled, in dollars, of a cab ride?
A) $2.00
B) $2.60
C) $3.00
D) $5.00

5 7
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A company purchased a machine valued at $120,000. (4x + 4)(ax − 1) − x 2 + 4
The value of the machine depreciates by the same
amount each year so that after 10 years the value will In the expression above, a is a constant. If the
be $30,000. Which of the following equations gives expression is equivalent to bx , where b is a constant,
the value, v, of the machine, in dollars, t years after it what is the value of b ?
was purchased for 0 ≤ t ≤ 10 ?
A) −5
A) v = 30,000 − 9,000t B) −3
B) v = 120, 000 − 9, 000t C) 0
C) v = 120,000 + 9,000t D) 12
D) v = 120,000
Note: − 30,000t
Figure not drawn to scale.
6 8
Line m in the xy-plane contains the points (2, 4) and If 2w + 4t = 14 and 4w + 5t = 25, what is the value
(0, 1). Which of the following is an equation of of 2w + 3t ?
line m ? A) 6
B) 10
A) y = 2x + 3
C) 13
D) 17
B) y = 2x + 4
3
C) y = x+3
2
3
D) y = x+1
2

9 11
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The graph of the exponential function h in the If y = 3x 2 + 6x + 2 is graphed in the xy-plane, which
xy-plane, where y = h(x), has a y-intercept of d, of the following characteristics of the graph is
where d is a positive constant. Which of the
displayed as a constant or coefficient in the equation?
following could define the function h ?
A) y-coordinate of the vertex
A) h(x) = −3(d)x
B) x-intercept(s)
B) h(x) = 3(x) d C) y-intercept
3 D) x-intercept of the line of symmetry
C) h(x) = d( −x)
x
D) h(x) = d(3)
10 12
Near the end of a US cable news show, the host In the xy-plane, the graph of the polynomial
invited viewers to respond to a poll on the show’s function f crosses the x-axis at exactly two points,
website that asked, “Do you support the new federal
policy discussed during the show?” At the end of the (a, 0) and (b, 0), where a and b are both positive.
show, the host reported that 28% responded “Yes,” Which of the following could define f ?
and 70% responded “No.” Which of the following
best explains why the results are unlikely to represent A) f (x) = (x − a)(x − b)
the sentiments of the population of the United B) f (x) = (x + a)(x + b)
States?
C) f (x) = (x − a)(x + b)
A) The percentages do not add up to 100%, so any
possible conclusions from the poll are invalid. D) f (x) = x(x − a)(x − b)
B) Those who responded to the poll were not a
random sample of the population of the
United States.
C) There were not 50% “Yes” responses and 50%
“No” responses.
D) The show did not allow viewers enough time to
respond to the poll.

13 15
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The maximum value of a data set consisting of B C
25 positive integers is 84. A new data set consisting
of 26 positive integers is created by including 96 in
the original data set. Which of the following
measures must be 12 greater for the new data set A D
than for the original data set?
A) The mean In quadrilateral ABCD above, AD  BC and
B) The median
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 1
C) The range CD = AB. What is the measure of angle B ?
2
D) The standard deviation A) 150°
B) 135°
C) 120°
D) 90°
14
Keith modeled the growth over several hundred
years of a tree population by estimating the number 16
of the trees’ pollen grains per square centimeter that Ice Cream Sales
were deposited each year within layers of a lake’s 1,000
sediment. He estimated there were 310 pollen grains 900
Sales (dollars)
per square centimeter the first year the grains were 800
deposited, with a 1% annual increase in the number 700
600
of grains per square centimeter thereafter. Which of
500
the following functions models P(t ), the number of 400
pollen grains per square centimeter t years after the 300
first year the grains were deposited? 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Temperature (°C)
A) P(t ) = 310t
The scatterplot above shows a company’s ice cream
B) P(t ) = 3101.01t sales d, in dollars, and the high temperature t, in
degrees Celsius (°C), on 12 different days. A line of
C) P(t ) = 310(0.99)t best fit for the data is also shown. Which of the
D) P(t ) = 310(1.01)t following could be an equation of the line of best fit?
A) d = 0.03t + 402
B) d = 10t + 402
C) d = 33t + 300
D) d = 33t + 84

17 19
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Gisela would owe $15,500 in taxes each year if she
Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The were not eligible for any tax deductions. This year,
Gisela is eligible for tax deductions that reduce the
nutrition facts on the box state that a serving size of the amount of taxes she owes by $2,325.00. If these tax
deductions reduce the taxes Gisela owes this year
3 by d%, what is the value of d ?
cereal is cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of which are
4
calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal
provides 180 milligrams of potassium, which is 5% of the
daily allowance for adults.
On Tuesday, Jennifer will mix Crunchy Grain cereal

with Super Grain cereal for her breakfast. Super
Grain cereal provides 240 calories per cup. If the total
number of calories in one cup of Jennifer’s mixture is 20
270, how much Super Grain cereal is in one cup of Blood type
the mixture? Rhesus factor A B AB O
1 + 33 9 3 37
A) cup − 7 2 1 x
8
1
B) cup Human blood can be classified into four common
4
1 blood types—A, B, AB, and O. It is also characterized
C) cup
3
by the presence (+) or absence (–) of the rhesus
1
D) cup
2 factor. The table above shows the distribution of
blood type and rhesus factor for a group of people. If
one of these people who is rhesus negative (–) is
chosen at random, the probability that the person has

18
1
3 1 blood type B is . What is the value of x ?
x − y = 12 9
4 2
ax − by = 9
The system of equations above has no solutions. If a

a
and b are constants, what is the value of ?
b

22
STOP
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Reading and Writing

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Reading and Writing

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and

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We must remind ourselves that computers 2

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The following text is adapted from 10

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The share of the world’s population living

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Unless otherwise indicated:

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

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