1000 Vocab c1c2 Chuyên Anh PTNK

C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Study
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use

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Terms in this set (1171)
equality of opportunity when everyone has the same chances
selective pupils are chose, usually for academic reasons, for entry
comprehensive everyone enters without exams and education is free, paid for by the goverment
schooling education received at school
elitism when you favour a small, privileged group
inherent in existing as a basic part of something
perpetuate make something continue for ever
two-tier system a system with two separate levels, one of which is better than the other
perceive see, consider
better-off richer, in better circumstances
to be depressed making you feel unhappy and without hope for the future
less well-off poorer; have less or little money
to excel achieve an excellent or very high standard
scholarships money given to pay for studies, usually provided on the base of academic merit
bursaries money given to pay for studies, provided on the base of need
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary
student loans in Use money students can borrow from a bank while studying
tertiary learning education at college or university level
undergratuates students doing a first degree
tuition fees money paid to receive teaching
the three R's the traditional basic skills (reading, writing and arithmetic)
literacy the ability to read
numeracy the ability to count/do basic math
curriculum course of study in a school or college
syllabus plan of what is to be studied
lifelong education education for all ages
mature students adult students older than the average student
education for children who cannot learn the normal way, because they have some
special needs education
disability
bullying threathening behaviour
guidelines advice on how something should be done
distraction takes attention away
idle chatter not serious conversation
exchange pleasantries (formal) make polite conversation
share juicy gossip (informal) interesting because it is shocking or personal
exchanging news
spreading rumours
rumours flying around
engage in conversation have a conversation
open your heart to confide in

find yourself drawn into in Use an argument
win an argument lose an argument
a good discussion enjoy
broach the subject begin a discussion of a difficult topic
bring up the subject drop the subject
overstate my case give too much importance or seriousness to a point of view
bombard with questions ask a lot of questions
make broad generalisations generalise
swear words, taboo language; foul suggests much stronger disapproval than bad
bad language, strong language, foul language
or strong
four-letter words swear words, taboo words (many of which have four letters in English)
opening gambit a remark made In order to start a conversation
a rash promise promises made without thinking
an empty promise promises made which the speaker has no Intention of keeping
a tough question difficult question to answer
tally with match or agree with
concurs with share/agree with an idea/opinion
found in accord with be in complete agreement with
coincide with be the same as
conform to fit in with
approve of think something is right or good
dissent opposition to the accepted way of thinking
discord lack of agreement or harmony
rift disagreement
split when a larger group brakes up into two or more smaller groups
C1 & C2 Englishdivision
Vocabulary in Use similar to split but more abstract and formal
controversy a lot of disagreement about a subject
reach a compromise accept some of the demands
reach a settlement reach a decision/agreement
exercise discretion be sensitive
promise someone the earth/moon promise someone a great deal
it promises to be interesting expect something to be interesting
oath/ to swear a formal promise
swear informal promise in spoken english
I could have sworn I was absolutely certain
swear words taboo expressions
pledge promise something, often friendship or money
vow make a determined decision
resolution to change one's behaviour for the better
risk something, usually money, on the unknown result of something in the hope of
bet
winning more
gambling putting money on the results of a game of some kind
stake amount of money you risk at gambling
wager formal term for bet
your best bet the best decision or choice
don't bet on it what you said is unlikely to happen
having a flutter having a small bet
putting good money/ bet my life on I'm sure of it
you bet I certainly do
hedge your bets protect yourself from the results of making a single wrong choice
C1 & C2 Englishodds
Vocabulary in Use statistical or betting chances of something happening
pay tribute to praise
give a standing ovation stand up and clap loudly for a long time
extol the virtues praise highly
be the toast of be admired for some recent achievements
pat on the back praise, often children
earn plaudits get positive comments
laud praise higly in official situations
telemarketing selling or marketing goods and services by phone
phoning people who have not requested a call in order to try and sell them
cold calling
something
hard sell attempt to sell something by being very forceful or persuasive
part with their money spend money
TV shopping channel a TV channel devoted to selling products
merchandise products that are bought and sold
hasn't looked back has moved forward successfully
purchasing power the ability they have to buy goods; the amount of money they have available
shop around to try different companies or shops to see which offers the best value
stocks keeps a supply of it
trade something up to buy one that is of higher value than the one you had before
brand loyalty confidence in that particular make and a tendency always to choose it
loss leader the item being sold at a low price
a specialised group of customers with particular interests that that company can
niche market
meet
come/go under the hammer an item being sold at an auction

C1 & C2 Englishauction
Vocabulary in Use sale of goods or property where people make gradually increasing bids and the
item is then sold to the highest bidder
red tape bureaucracy
administration organisation and arrangement of operations
proposition formal offer
agreement in which one company takes control of another one (compare to

takeover
'merger')
reach a compromise come to an agreement in which both sides reduces their demands a little
hammer out a deal talk in detail until a business agreement is made
swallowed up taken over by a larger company
capital assets buildings and machines owned by a company
invest in put money into
start-up new company
holiday property letting agency a business organising the rental of holiday houses and flats
casual acquaintance person you know but not very well
loyalty support for us in good and bad times
talk behind someone's back say bad things about us when we are not here
allies countries which fight on the same side
bitter rivals people in competition with each other in negative way
deeply critical of saying that someone or something is very bad or very wrong
scrupulously honest (dishonest) with always telling the truth, and never stealing or cheating e.g. an honest man/woman
rift serious disagreement that divides people
discord disagreement and discontent
don't see eye to eye have different opinions
turned sour became bad

C1 & C2 Englishsplit
Vocabulary
up in Use seperate
has had its ups and downs has good and bad moments
bumpy relationship up and down
broken home family split up by divorce
family feud quarrel in family causing bad feeling for many years
always supprts you, giving help, encouragement or sympathy to somebody e.g.

supportive to/of (unsupportive) She was very supportive during my father's illness.He was strongly supportive of
my career.
respectful showing or feeling respect e.g. The onlookers stood at a respectful distance.
support for sb in good and bad times, the quality of being faithful in your support
complete and unswerving loyalty (disloyalty)
of somebody/something e.g. They swore their loyalty to the king.
a country (or person) that has agreed to help and support another, especially in
staunch ally
case of a war e.g. a loyal ally of the United States
to be on bad terms with someone to have a bad relationship with someone
genuine misunderstanding not understanding something correctly, often cause of a fight or dispute
break down to fail, to lose control of your feelings and start crying
trustworthy/ trusting that you can rely on to be good, honest, sincere, etc
saying only what is true e.g. They were less than truthful about their part in the
truthful (untruthful)
crime.
arch rival people in competition with each other in a negative or aggressive way
crave/have a craving for want very strongly
thirst/have a thirst for feel very strongly what you want
yearn/have a yearning for wanting something you do not have and, often, can never have
coveted wanting to possess something very much
defuse make a dangerous or tense situation calmer
placate stop someone feeling angry

conciliate
end a disagreement between two people or groups by acting in a friendly way
towards both sides
end a disagreement by giving the other side an advantage that they are
appeasing
demanding
exultant feeling great pleasure and happiness, usually because of a success; formal
ecstatic informal word for exultant
to rejoice to be extremely happy; formal
jubilant expressing great happiness; formal
bliss perfect happiness
utter, sheer often collocates bliss
happy, ignorant, unaware often collocates blissfully
frail weak, not robust
fragile easily broken or damaged
powerless
feeble
e.g.:feeble attempt (iv.2-2)
brisk quick and active; marked by liveliness and vigor
brusque abrupt marked by rudely
brash Prone to act in a hasty manner; impudent
sluggish 萧条的
working hard at a slow steady rate, not very intelligent and lacking any good ideas
plodding
of your own
blatantly in an extremely obvious way; conspicuously
turn over a new leaf to change your life by starting to be a better person or stopping a bad habit
turn the other cheek to deliberately not hurt or upset someone who has hurt or upset you
a sudden and complete change of policy by a government or by someone in

do a u turn authority. This word usually shows that you do not approve of someone who does
this
C1 & C2poacher
English Vocabulary in Use
turned game keeper
someone who did not obey the law or authority in the past but now makes other
people obey it
something that you say when you intend to harm someone in the same way as they
two can play at that game
harmed you
Two people working together have a better chance of solving a problem than one
two heads are better than one
person working alone
two sides of the same coin two different aspects of the same situation
A popular term referring to the eating habits of a pregnant woman, who is said to
eating for two
be eating for two people
in two minds to not be certain about something, or to have difficulty in making a decision
like a dog with two tails Very happy and excited
two a penny very common and therefore not worth a lot
used to say that two, three etc people or things are very similar and therefore go
two of a kind
well together or belong together
cuts both ways has both good and bad aspects
make the ultimate sacrifice to die fighting for something or trying to achieve something
in no uncertain terms in a way that is clear and definite
an activity or subject that people do not know anything about or have not
uncharted waters
experienced before
uneasy peace a state in which fighting could start at any time
leave no stone unturned to make every possible effort to find someone or something
have the upper hand control or an advantage over a person or situation
upset the apple cart to cause trouble, especially by spoiling someone's plans
nothing ventured nothing gained used for saying that it is worth trying to do something, even if success is unlikely
used to say that situations of that type happen in life, and you cannot do anything
c'est la vie
about them
wade through to spend a lot of time and effort doing something boring or difficult
If someone or something not yet active or important, but are ready or likely to be
wait in the wings
so soon
C1 & C2play
English
a waitingVocabulary
game in Use
go to the wall
see the writing on the wall
war torn country
all's fair in love and war
be on the war path
watch with half an eye
wax and wane
mind your back
dead in the water
pour oil on troubled waters
bluff your way
go back a long way
learn the hard way
point the way
go their on way
wear and tear
weather the storm
fair weather friend
outstay your welcome
you may well ask!
double whammy
does exactly what it says on the tin
whatever floats your boat!

C1 & C2at/behind
English the Vocabulary
wheel in Use
put your shoulder on the wheel
reinvent the wheel
works like a charm
nothing ventured nothing gained
hook line and sinker
skating on thin ice
sleeping partner
life in the slow lane
a big fish in a small pond
all smiles
safe and sound
go spare
rein in the spending
hit the spot
middle-aged spread
be no spring chicken
win your spurs
squeaky clean
star-crossed lovers
stick your neck out
fly by the seat of your pants
see the light
suck it and see

C1 &give
C2somebody
EnglishtheVocabulary
hard sell in Use
send packing
non sequitur
set in motion
set the scene
set the wheels in motion
movers and shakers
knock into shape
take a shine
run a tight ship
shit hits the fan
shell-shocked
live on a shoe-string
shut up shop
parting shot
show your hand
bit on the side
look on the bright side
silent majority
silent as the grave
oil the wheels
when all's said and done
where there's a wheel there's a way
whole new ball game

C1 & C2 go
English
the wholeVocabulary
hog in Use
not the whole picture
give somebody a wide birth
wild horses couldn't make me
battle of wills
win by a landslide
win hands down
receive a windfall
have a window
clip sb's wings
the conventional wisdom
it's easy to be wise after the event
within an inch of your life
can't see the wood for the trees
from the word go
mums the word
work like a dog/donkey/grunt
make hard work
nice work if you can get it
through a spanner in the works
world of difference
dead to the world
go up in the world
do you the world of good

C1 & C2
notEnglish Vocabulary
long for this world in Use
a fate worse than death
worship at the temple of..
lick your wounds
see the writing the wall
barking up the wrong tree
fall into the wrong hands
your not wrong!
light years away from sth
take years off
catch some Z's
stone cold
a heart of stone
storm in a teacup
any port in a storm
go down a storm
end of the storm
from the horses mouth
on the straight and narrow
strapped for cash
do a stretch
plenty of strings to your bow
strike at the heart of stg
no strings attached
pull the strings
highly strung
stubborn as a mule
suck it and see
live out a suitcase
men in grey suits
hard to swallow
go with a swing
fall on your sword
sword of Damocles
all systems go
bring to the table
take centre stage
take a nosedive
a rain check
take heart
each day as it comes
matters into your own hands
your eye of the ball
sb for a ride
take your mind of it
take sb to the cleaners
cop/take the flack
take to the next level

all end in tears
reduce to tears
live to tell the tale
time will tell
tempt fate
a contradiction in terms
thick as thieves
the plot thickens
through thick and thin
be all things to all men
think twice
two sides of the same coin
like it or lump it (informal) accept a situation they do not like, because they cannot change it
hopping mad very angry
make a name for become famous or respected for
feather one's own nest dishonestly use your position to get money for yourself
be beyond the pale be unacceptable
be given the sack be dismissed from your job
curl your lip to sneer; to show you feel no respect for someone or something
the shit hits the fan there is serious trouble
get off your backside stop being lazy
The place is in shipshape Perfect, clean, tidy, neat (room, house)
On the rocks In serious difficulty (business, relationship)
(To be given a wide) a wide berth Avoiding

Cut and run in Use Avoid a difficult situation by leaving suddenly
To bat down the hatches Got ready for a difficult situation by preparing in every way possible
Run a tight ship Control a business or organisation firmly and effectively
Go by the board Were abandoned
Weather the storm Survive difficult times
Making good headway Making good progress (relationship, marriage)
In the offing Likely to happen soon
To be taken aback Very surprised
Left high and dry Put in a difficult situation which they could not improve
Take the wind out of his/her sails Made sme. Feel less confident, by saying or doing anything unexpected
In the wake of/ in his, her wake Following closely behind (schlepptau)
All hands on deck Everyone must help
You mist accept any help you're offered when you're in a difficult situation -
Any port in a storm
compromize
To learn the ropes To learn how to do a particular job
as thin as a rake nagyon vékony (mint egy gereblye)
as smooth as slik sima, mint a selyem
as bright as a button nagyon okos
as thick as two short planks iszonyatosan buta
as fresh as a daisy nagyon friss és üde
to run like the wind szélsebesen futni
to drive like a maniac úgy vezetni, mint egy őrült
to fit like a glove úgy passzol, mintha ráöntötték volna
as clear as crystal kristálytisztán
as poor as a church mouse szegény, mint a templom egere

as silent as the grave in Use csendes, mint a sír
as dry as a bone nagyon száraz/kiszáradt
as dry as dust nagyon unalmas
to go as red as a beetroot elpirulni
to be all over sy like a rash nagyon látványosan odavan valakiért
to be as thick as thieves with sy nagyon jóban lenni
as quick as a flash egy szempillantás alatt
to be as keen as mustard nagyon lelkesedni
to be fighting like cat and dog mindenen veszekedni
to work like a dog nagyon sokat dolgozni
to have a face like thunder nagyon mérges arcot vágni
as stubborn as a mule makacs, mint az öszvér
as clear as mud nehezen érthető, nagyon homályos
To be The cat's whiskers Better than everyone else
To have a cat in hell's chance No chance at all
It's a dog's life Life is hard and unpleasant
Dog in the manger To keep smth. that I can't have it
Flogging a dead horse Wasting time trying to do smth. that won't succeed-useless
Straight from the horse's mouth From the person concerned-i'ts true
Until the cows come home For a very long time
Sort the sheep from the goats Find people or things of high quality from a mixed group
Might as well be hung for a sheep as a lamb Do big than small- smth more serious, bc you're going to be punished anyway
Shedding crocodile tears Pretending to cry
Sick as a parrot Really hurting

C1 & C2A leopard
English Vocabulary
can't change it's spot in Use You can't change your personality
Cry wolf To send out false alarm
A wolf in sheep's clothing Pretend to be sme, else
The elephant in the room Topic, situation that is obvious
Her/his heart's desire Always dreamt
Got a heart of gold Very kind
Has their best interests at heart Only wants to help/the best
To have a heart of stone Unfeeling cold person
Strike at the heart of Very hard
Don't have the heart to Bringt es nicht übers Herz
Cry his/her heart out Very upset
My heart goes out to Feel sorry, a lot of pity
My heart bleeds for Ironically used, no pity
Wear your heart on your sleeve Make your feelings obvious
Your heart isn't in You're not interested/motivated
Your heart of hearts In your true, most secret thoughts
Harden your heart Be though!
Take heart Don't be anxious or afraid
Your heart is in your boots Feel unhappy, low form
Have a heart Be kind
easy on the eye good-looking
drop-dead gorgeous extremely attractive (informal)
eye candy pleasant to look at, but not very interesting
wasn't much to look at wasn't good looking

C1 & C2 English
beauty's Vocabulary
in the eye of the beholderin Use people have different ideas about what beautiful is
not just a pretty face clever as well as attractive (humorous)
to dress up like a dog's dinner look silly in her clothes, for a formal occasion
done up to the nines wearing very stylish and fashionable clothes, for a particular occasion
dressed to kill intentionally wearing clothes to attract attention and admiration
your glad rags your best clothes
mutton dressed as lamb dressed in a way more suitable for a younger woman
down-at-heel wearing old clothes, in bad condition
a middle-age spread fat around the waist
butter wouldn't melt in his mouth never do anything wrong, look like an angel
look the part look suitable for a particular situation
the spitting image of looks exactly like
a mine of information knows a lot
a man/woman of many parts talented in many ways (formal)
a whizz kid good at everything
get-up and go energy and enthusiasm
to have plenty of strings to her bow extremely accomplished, many skills
a glutton of punishment can't get enough of difficult challenges
highly strung very nervous and easily upset
play the fool behave silly, to make people laugh
look out for number one put himself first
eat for breakfast speak angrily or critically to control or defeat sme.
a love-rat a man having a secret sexual relationship
a wet blanket kills atmosphere-complaining

a loose cannon in Use someone who cannot be trusted, act unpredictable
Run out of steam Loose energy or interest
Go off the rails Start behave in a unacceptable way
Down the line Later
Back on track Again on the way to achieve something
At/behind the wheel To be the driver
In the driving seat In charge/control of a situation
Life in the fast/slow lane Have a stressful, stressless life
Doing a U-turn Change your mind (kehrtwende)
Go/move/step up a gear Work or play more effectively
To fly high Very succesful
To fly by the seats of our pants Doing smth. Diffucult without much experience/ability
Do it on autopilot Doing smth.without thinking
Take a nosedive Go down suddenly and fast
To be on a collision course Way that is likely to cause a major disagreement or fight
Come to a standstill Stopped
A twinkle in his father's eye Was not even born
Fly the nest Leave home to live independently
The spitting image of Look very much like
Chip off the old block Similar in personality to one of his parents/family members
Run in the family A lot of people in the family have this characteristic
Nearest and dearest Your family
Your own flesh and blood Relatives
To live in each other's pockets Do everything together

C1 & C2 English
Go backVocabulary
a long way in Use Know each other for a long time
Will not give you the time of day Will refuse to speak to you because they think they're better or don't like you
To have the ear of Ready to listen to you
To have friends in high places Know important and influental people
Rub shoulders with Spend time with important or famous people
A fair-weather friend Friend who's there only in good times
Through thick and thin Through good and bad times
To be a tower of strength Sm. Who supports you a lot in difficult situations
Old flame A romantic relationship in the past with sm.
Footloose and fancy-free Free and without responsibilities to anyone
The green-eyed monster Jealousy
At one fell swoop Suddenly, at the same time
Eaten me out of house and home Eaten all the food there is in my house
Make my hair stand on end Frightened me very much
In the twinkling of an eye In an instant
A wild-goose chase A search that has no hope of success
Lay it on with a trowel Praised sb. Or sm. Excessively
star-crossed lovers Peoply unlucky in love (end up badly)
Caused problems for herself/ himself - thought would help him, or hurt other
To be hoist with his/her own petard
people
The course of true love never did run smooth There are always difficulties to face in romantic relationships
Wordy and tiresome; longwinded and boring; verbose; using more than necessary
to get the point across.
prolix
SYN: circumlocutory, tautological, pleonastic.
ANT: concise, terse, pithy, succinct, sententious.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Not genuine, counterfeit, illegitimate; spe of doubtful authenticity or authorship.
SYN: spurious, unauthorized, unauthenticated, fabricated, fraudulent,
apocryphal
supposititious.
ANT: genuine, authentic, valid, bona fide.
Greed, a strong desire for wealth or material things.

cupidity
SYN: avarice, acquisitiveness, covetousness, venality.
Pertaining to spring, occurring in the spring; also, having the qualities of spring:
vernal fresh, warm, and mild.
ANT: hibernal, hiemal.
Pertaining to winter, wintry.

hibernal
SYN: hiemal.
Pertaining to winter, wintry.

hiemal
SYN: hibernal.
estival Pertaining to summer.
To pass the summer, like summer.

estivate
ANT: hibernate.
autumnal Pertaining to autumn.
Recklessness, rashness, foolhardiness; reckless disregard for danger, risk, or

consequences.
SYN: nerve, cheek, gall, audacity, heedlessness, imprudence, impetuosity,
temerity presumptuousness, effrontery.
ANT: timidity, bashfulness, faintheartedness, sheepishness, apprehension,
diffidence, timorousness.
temerarious (adj)
/ˌræˌproʊʃˈmɑ:nt/
rapprochement
Reconciliation, a reestablishing of friendly relations.
A formal discussion of or inquiry into a subject; a discourse.

disquisition SYN: (general) treatise, critique, commentary; (specific) lecture, thesis, oration,
homily, tract, monograph, dissertation.
To prohibit, forbid, outlaw.

proscribe SYN: ban, denounce, disallow, condemn, censure, ostracize, expatriate, interdict.
ANT: permit, tolerate, legalize, authorize, sanction.
Great generosity, lavish giving.

SYN: philanthropy, liberality, benevolence, bountifulness, bounteousness,
munificence
beneficence, largess.
ANT: stinginess, miserliness, closefistedness, penuriousness, parsimony.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Honesty, integrity; fairness, straightforwardness, and sincerity in one's dealings with
others.
probity SYN: uprightness, trustworthiness, scrupulousness, veracity, rectitude.
ANT: improbity, dishonesty, deceitfulness, unscrupulousness, duplicity,
malfeasance, perfidy.
Powerful, mighty, strong, forceful.

puissant SYN: vigorous, potent, dynamic, stalwart.
ANT: weak, feeble, infirm, debilitated, enervated, flaccid, valetudinarian.
puissance Power, strength, might.
To steal, embezzle; specifically, to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to

peculate
one's care.
diffident Shy, timid, bashful, lacking in self-confidence, hesitant to speak or act.
Corruptible, bribable, capable of being bribed or bought off, able to be obtained

venal for a price.
SYN: mercenary.
venality A venal state or act.
venial Excusable, forgivable, minor.
Stingy, miserly, extremely tight with money.

SYN: grasping, money-grubbing, pennypinching, close-fisted, penurious,
parsimonious niggardly.
ANT: generous, liberal, open-handed, bountiful, beneficent, magnanimous,
munificent.
niggard A miser.
niggardly Stingy, begrudging every nickel and dime.
parsimony Excessive or unnecessary economy or frugality.
pusillanimous Cowardly, lacking courage, timid, fainthearted, irresolute.
extant Existing, still in existence, not extinct, not lost or destroyed.
Tawdry, gaudy; attractive in a flashy or cheap way; falsely alluring; deceptively

meretricious
enticing.
meritorious Worth of merit, deserving praise.
Fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners, or of anything strange or foreign.

xenophobia
ANT: xenomania, xenophilia.
xenophobe A person who fears or hates strangers.

C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use (1) Daily, recurring every day or pertaining to every day.
quotidian (2) Of an everyday nature; ordinary, commonplace, trivial.
SYN: diurnal.
exigency An urgency, pressing need; a situation demanding immediate attention or action.
exigent Urgent, pressing, demanding immediate attention or action.
pulchritude Beauty, loveliness, attractiveness.
pulchritudinous Physically beautiful or lovely.
The unraveling or resolution of a plot, as of a novel or a drama; the outcome or

denouement
resolution of any complex situation.
Fleeting, passing quickly away.

fugacious
SYN: transient, ephemeral, transitory, evanescent, fugitive.
Literally, muddy, clouded, roiled, murky, as if from stirred-up sediment; figuratively,

turbid
muddled, obscure, confused, not lucid.
indefeasible Not capable of being undone, taken away, annulled, or rendered void.
defeasance The annulment or voiding of a deed or contract.
defeasible Capable of being invalidated, undone, or rendered void.
Insincere, crafty, sly, not straightforward or frank.

disingenuous SYN: wily, subtle, slippery, deceptive, hypocritical, fraudulent, mendacious.
ANT: ingenuous, truthful, frank, candid, unselfconscious, unaffected, guileless.
A woman or girl who displays innocent candor or simplicity; specifically, such a

ingenue
character represented on the stage, or the actress who plays it.
Foul-mouthed, obscene; using or expressed in language that is coarse, vulgar, and

abusive.
scurrilous SYN: shameless, indelicate, lewd, smutty, ribald, irreverent, insolent, disparaging,
derisive, contumelious.
ANT: polite, refined, tasteful, cultured, sophisticated, cultivated, decorous, urbane.
recrudescence A revival, renewal, fresh outbreak after a period of inactivity or quiescence.
recrudesce To break out again, show renewed activity after an inactive period.
recrudescent Breaking out afresh.
defenestrate To throw something or someone out of a window.
defenestration The act of throwing something or someone out of a window.

C1 & C2 Englishdilatory
Vocabulary in Use Delaying, causing or intended to cause delay; also, slow, tardy, characterized by
delay or procrastination.
To defame, slander, attack with vicious, abusive language.

SYN: disparage, denigrate, stigmatize, malign, revile, vituperate, calumniate,
vilify
traduce.
ANT: praise, commend, laud, extol, glorify, eulogize, venerate.
Calm and unemotional; having a sluggish, apathetic temperament; difficult to move

phlegmatic
to emotion or action.
Accidentally or casually acquired, not belonging naturally to something,

adventitious associated by chance, not inherent or integral.
SYN: foreign, extrinsic, incidental, extraneous, fortuitous, supervenient.
desiccated Dried or dried up, dehydrated, deprived of moisture.
comity Courtesy, civility, politeness, respectful and considerate behavior.
Appearing to be true, genuine, or correct but actually false or deceptive;

specious
superficially reasonable or just but not so in reality.
(1) Harmful to health or well-being, unwholesome, dangerous, destructive.

SYN: injurious, ruinous, deleterious, noxious, baneful, malign, pernicious.
noisome (2) Foul-smelling, offensive, disgusting.
SYN: rank, rancid, putrid, fetid, malodorous, mephitic.
Antonyms: salutary, salubrious.
Defamation of character, slander, a false and malicious statement or accusation

calumny meant to injure a person's reputation.
SYN: backbiting, denigration, obloquy, vilification.
(1) To strip, scrape, or tear off the skin.

SYN: abrade, chafe, scalp, gall, flay.
excoriate
(2) To rebuke or denounce harshly and severely.
SYN: censure, castigate, vituperate.
Weariness, fatigue; a weak or exhausted state or feeling; a sluggish relaxation of

body or mind.
lassitude
SYN: listlessness, lethargy, debility, indolence, inertia, enervation, torpor, languor,
oscitancy.
Literally, the act of yawning or gaping; figuratively, sleepiness, drowsiness, or

oscintancy
sluggishness.
osculation The act of kissing.
To publicly disgrace or humiliate by making false and malicious statements; to

traduce make a mockery of; expose to public ridicule or contempt.
SYN: defame, slander, denigrate, malign, vituperate, calumniate, vilify.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use (1) The state of being partly clothed; partial undress.
dishabille (2) The state of being casually or carelessly dressed, as in one's night clothes or
lounging attire.
prurient Characterized by or arousing lust.
saturnalia An orgy, licentious merrymaking, unrestrained revelry.
To pull or dig up by the roots, root out, exterminate, abolish or destroy completely.
extirpate
SYN: eradicate, deracinate.
Extremely wicked; shamefully and scandalously criminal, vice-ridden, or corrupt.

flagitious
SYN: atrocious, egregious, heinous, diabolical, nefarious, odious, execrable.
Walking about, going from place to place on foot.

peripatetic
SYN: ambulating, itinerant.
cachinnate To laugh loudly and immoderately, laugh convulsively or hysterically.
cachinnation Immoderate, convulsive, or hysterical laughter.
To set free, liberate, emancipate, deliver from slavery or bondage.

manumit SYN: unshackle, unfetter, enfranchise, disenthrall.
ANT: enslave, enthrall, subjugate, shackle, fetter, manacle, trammel.
expiation Atonement; reparation for a sin, crime, or offense.
(n) Reparation, compensation, satisfaction for a wrong done.

redress (v) To repair, set right, make amends for.
SYN: amends, recompense, retribution, rectification, requital, quittance.
Irregular, abnormal, out of place; deviating from what is usual or expected; not
anomalous fitting in with a common type or conforming to a general rule.
SYN: inconsistent, unnatural, eccentric, aberrant.
anomaly A deviation from the norm, an irregularity.
Subservient, submissive, obedient; ready and willing to serve, please, or obey.

SYN: compliant, servile, slavish, ingratiating, deferential, fawning, toadying,
obsequious
truckling, sycophantic.
ANT: unruly, defiant, intractable, refractory, recalcitrant, intransigent.
Instructive, designed or intended to teach.

didactic
SYN: edifying, preceptive, expository, hortatory, pedagogic.
didactics The art or science of teaching.
A teacher, sometimes used disparagingly to mean a teacher who is strict,

pedagogue
narrowminded, or dogmatic.
pedagogy The teaching profession, sometimes means the art or science of teaching.
To cut short, shorten by cutting or lopping off.

truncate SYN: condense, abridge, abbreviate, curtail.
ANT: lengthen, extend, elongate, prolong, protract.
truncated Cut short, abbreviated, terminated abruptly.
(1) Sparing or moderate, esp in eating or drinking.

(2) Characterized by abstinence, not partaking or indulging, esp in alcoholic
abstemious
beverages.
SYN: sober, temperate, ascetic.
/ɪˈθirijəl/
Heavenly, not earthly; hence, very light, airy, delicate, or refined.
ethereal
SYN: celestial, lofty, elevated, tenuous, rarefied, sublime.
ANT: mundane, terrestrial, sublunary.
/ˈi:θɚ/
(1) A liquid that burns easily, that is used to turn solid substances into liquid, and
ether that was used in medicine in the past to prevent patients from feeling pain during
operations.
(2) the air, the sky.
Pompous, pretentious, inflated, overblown.

bombastic
SYN: grandiloquent, magniloquent, turgid.
bombast Verbal padding; speech or writing that is wordy, puffed-up, and pretentious.
turgid SYN: bombastic, grandiloquent, magniloquent.
Aging, growing old, on the decline.

senescent
ANT: juvenescent
senescence The process of becoming old or the state of being old.
juvenescent ANT: senescent
Deadly, fatal, destructive, causing great harm or injury.

pernicious SYN: injurious, ruinous, deleterious, noxious, baneful, malign, noisome.
ANT: healthful, wholesome, salutary, salubrious.
Universal, all-inclusive, all-embracing, comprehensive; spe broadminded, tolerant,

or all-embracing in one's sympathies, interests, or tastes.
catholic
SYN: open-minded, liberal, ecumenical, latitudinarian.
ANT: narrow-minded, bigoted, biased, intolerant, dogmatic, parochial.
A harsh rebuke, vehement scolding or denunciation.

objurgation
SYN: reproof, reproach, upbraiding, vilification, vituperation.
objurgate To rebuke sharply, chide harshly, denounce vehemently.
Gushing, overflowing, overly demonstrative, expressing emotion in an excessive or

unrestrained manner.
effusive SYN: exuberant, profuse, ebullient, impassioned, ecstatic, rhapsodic.
ANT: undemonstrative, reserved, aloof, indifferent, reticent, diffident, taciturn,
laconic.
effusion A pouring or gushing forth.
Offense, resentment.
umbrage
SYN: displeasure, irritation, indignation, pique.
A change, variation.
vicissitude
SYN: alternation, fluctuation, mutation.
Having a warlike or hostile nature.

bellicose
SYN: belligerent, disputatious, litigious, contentious.
Participating in fighting; provoking a fight or a war.

belligerent
SYN: bellicose, disputatious, litigious, contentious.
Inclined to dispute, and usually applies to people who engage in formal arguments
disputatious or to anything involving formal debate.
SYN: bellicose, belligerent, litigious, contentious.
Tending to engage in lawsuits or litigation.

litigious
SYN: bellicose, belligerent, disputatious, contentious.
Argumentative, quarrelsome; ready and eager to argue, bicker, or debate.

SYN: bellicose, belligerent, disputatious, litigious.
contentious
ANT: peaceable, obliging, civil, tolerant, amiable, amicable, benevolent, equable,
forbearing.
contention A struggle, opposition; an assertion made in an argument.
contend To struggle, fight, strive in opposition.
A gesture of respect or submission, or an attitude of respect and submission.

obeisance
SYN: deference, homage, adoration, reverence, veneration.
Hardworking, industrious; done with persistent, careful, and untiring attention.

assiduous SYN: diligent, painstaking, persevering, unremitting, indefatigable, sedulous.
ANT: lazy, shiftless, indolent, languid, phlegmatic, otiose.
Deceit, cunning, double-dealing, hypocritical deception.

duplicity
SYN: trickery, dishonesty, fraud, guile, chicanery, casuistry, mendacity.
duplicitous Two-faced, deceitful.

insouciant
Carefree, nonchalant, lightheartedly unconcerned or indifferent, free from worry
or anxiety, calm and unbothered.
insouciance Lighthearted indifference, nonchalance, a carefree lack of concern.
/ˈmɜːmɪˌdɒn/
myrmidon A loyal follower, faithful servant or subordinate, esp someone who is
unquestioningly obedient.
rapine The act of seizing and carrying off property by force, plunder.
Beginning to exist or develop; in the process of being born or begun; coming or

having just come into being.
nascent SYN: emerging, dawning, developing, commencing, embryonic, incipient, inchoate.
ANT: ancient, extinct, outworn, outmoded, antiquated, obsolete, senescent,
antediluvian.
/ˌæntɪdɪˈluːvɪən/
antediluvian Of the time before the Deluge, the great flood described in the first book of the
Bible, Genesis; hence, extremely old or old-fashioned.
nascency Birth or beginning.
To consent, yield, give in or agree to.

accede SYN: comply, submit, assent, concur, acquiesce.
ANT: resist, disagree, oppose, protest, contradict, dispute, dissent, wrangle, cavil.
/mægˈnænəməs/
Noble, honorable; generous in overlooking injury or insult; high-minded, unselfish.
SYN: courageous, exalted, lofty; charitable, altruistic, beneficent.
magnanimous
ANT: vile, contemptible, malicious, despicable, ignominious, covetous, avaricious,
mercenary, venal, vindictive, churlish, sordid, abject, servile, sycophantic,
pusillanimous.
/ˌmægnəˈnɪməti/
magnanimity
Noble generosity, greatness or dignity of mind or heart.
Immaturity, youth; esp the period of legal minority, the state of being a minor in the
nonage
eyes of the law.
Vehement or abusive language involving bitter, scathing accusations or

denunciations.
invective SYN: slander, defamation, aspersion, objurgation, billingsgate, vituperation,
obloquy.
ANT: praise, commendation, adulation, eulogy, encomium.
Abusive language that is filthy and obscene.

billingsgate
SYN: invective, vituperation, obloquy.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use A prolonged and vicious scolding or harsh, abusive language that violently scolds
vituperation or blames.
SYN: invective, billingsgate, obloquy.
Abusive language and particularly abusive speech whose express purpose is to

obloquy defame or disgrace.
SYN: invective, billingsgate, vituperation.
inveigh To attack violently with words, protest furiously or express angry disapproval.
A crafty or treacherous plot, malicious scheme, cunning design or plan to achieve a

machination sinister purpose (often used in the plural, machinations).
SYN: stratagem, conspiracy, contrivance, ruse, cabal.
Submissive, obedient, compliant; easy to direct, manage, or supervise; following

instructions.
docile SYN: amenable, deferential, malleable, tractable, acquiescent, obsequious.
ANT: willful, wayward, headstrong, obstinate, intractable, intransigent, refractory.
docility (n)
Formidable, fearsome, arousing awe or dread; hence, worthy of or commanding

redoubtable
respect.
To predict; esp to predict from signs, symptoms, or present indications.

prognosticate
SYN: foretell, forecast, foresee, prophesy, presage, vaticinate.
/prɑgˈnɑ:stɪk/
prognostic (n) An indication of sth in the future.
(adj) Pertaining to or serving as the basis of a prediction.
/prɑgˌnɑ:stəˈkeɪʃən/
prognostication
A prediction, prophecy, forecast.
/prɑgˈnoʊsəs/
prognosis A prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease or medical
condition.
To bring about, bring into being, give rise to, cause to exist, sow the seeds of.
engender SYN: produce, generate.
ANT: prevent, suppress, subdue, quell, quash.
Stinking, foul-smelling; having an extremely offensive odor, as of sth rotten or

decayed.
fetid
SYN: rank, rancid, malodorous, putrid, noisome, mephitic, graveolent.
ANT: fragrant, scented, perfumed, aromatic, redolent.
Absurdly learned; scholarly in an ostentatious way; making an inappropriate or

pedantic tiresome display of knowledge by placing undue importance on trivial details,
rules, or formalities.
C1 & C2 Englishpedant
Vocabulary in Use A person who overrates learning, makes an inappropriate display of knowledge, or
lays undue stress on trivial points or on exact knowledge of detail.
An inappropriate display of learning or a slavish or dogmatic attention to rules and

pedantry
minor details of learning.
capitulate To yield, surrender; spe to surrender on specified terms or conditions.
capitulation The act of surrendering or yielding on specified terms or conditions.
Just begun; in an early stage of development; partly in existence; not fully formed;
inchoate undeveloped; imperfect; incomplete.
SYN: elementary, preliminary, nascent, rudimentary, incipient.
exponent A person who stands or speaks for sth, a representative or advocate.
expound To explain, interpret, set forth point by point.
Not truthful, lying, false, dishonest, deceitful.

SYN: fraudulent, hypocritical, disingenuous, evasive, equivocal, duplicitous,
mendacious
prevaricating.
ANT: truthful, honorable, upright, ethical, virtuous, scrupulous, veracious.
mendacity Untruthfulness, lying, deceit.
Loud and harsh-sounding, grating, shrill.

SYN: earsplitting, screeching, discordant, clamorous, cacophonous, vociferous,
strident
stentorian.
ANT: faint, subdued, melodious, dulcet, euphonious.
stridulous Making a harsh or shrill noise.
stridulate To make a shrill, high-pitched grating or chirping sound.
Government by a few; rule or control exercised by a few persons or by a small,

oligarchy elite group.
oligarchic, oligarchical (adj)
Shining brightly, brilliant, radiant, resplendent.

SYN: gleaming, blazing, sparkling, luminous, incandescent, scintillating,
refulgent coruscating.
ANT: dull, dim, obscure, gloomy, murky; tenebrous, umbrageous, subfuscous,
crepuscular.
refulgence Brilliance, radiance, resplendence.
Favoritism shown to relatives.

nepotism
nepotistic (adj)
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Humorous in a mildly indecent, coarse, or vulgar way.
SYN: gross, indelicate, lewd, immodest, sensual, obscene.
ribald
ANT: refined, decent, polite, tasteful, cultured, polished, cultivated, decorous,
urbane.
ribaldry Language or behavior that is humorous in a mildly indecent or vulgar way.
Like an uncle, pertaining to an uncle, or exhibiting some characteristic considered

avuncular
typical of an uncle (+ smile/slap on the back/concern/generosity/advice).
To ask, beg, or plead for humbly and earnestly.

supplicate
SYN: entreat, petition, importune, beseech.
supple Bending easily, limber, flexible.
A humble and earnest request or the act of begging or pleading for something
supplication
humbly and earnestly.
suppliant A person who supplicates or who makes a supplication (also: supplicant).
Easily angered, hot-tempered, extremely irritable or touchy.

SYN: cranky, testy, peevish, petulant, irate, cantankerous, contentious, snappish,
irascible
choleric, captious, splenetic.
ANT: calm, unruffled, placid, amiable, affable, equable.
ire Anger, wrath.
Relentless, unyielding, merciless; not able to be stopped, changed, or moved by

entreaty or persuasion.
SYN: unrelenting, unswerving, inflexible, immovable, uncompromising, intransigent,
inexorable
obdurate, implacable.
ANT: flexible, compromising, obliging, compliant, docile, tractable, acquiescent,
complaisant.
An upstart; spe a person who suddenly acquires wealth and power and rises to a
parvenu
higher class, but who is not accepted by the members of that class.
Someone who attains social prominence or a position of power, sometimes by

arriviste
unscrupulous means and always without paying the necessary dues.
Healthful, wholesome, favorable or conducive to well-being.

salubrious ANT: insalubrious, deleterious, pernicious, noxious, baneful, malign, noisome.
SYN: salutary, wholesome.
Exaggeration in speech or writing; esp extravagant exaggeration that is intentional

hyperbole and obvious.
hyperbolic, hyperbolical (adj)
Self-righteous; holier-than-thou; characterized by insincere or affected

sanctimonious
righteousness, virtuousness, or religious piety.
sanctimony Righteousness or virtuousness that is affected or hypocritical.
scalp is the skin covering the part of the head where your hair is
scalp
(the skin covering the head, excluding the face)
(I had an itchy scalp until I started using this special
shampoo)
(Sometimes, this fungus can cause our scalps to
shed skin cells too quickly)
you want to scratch it
itchy scalp
a very bad headache
splitting headache
(I've got a splitting headache)
an allergy affecting the nose, eyes, and throat, caused by pollen from plants
hay fever
(I suffer from hey fever in summer)
small sore areas inside the mouth, usually lasting a few days
mouth ulcers
(why does he got mouth ulcers?)
put a bone out of its normal position
dislocated
(He dislocated his shoulder)
rash an area of red spotsness on the skin, caused by an illness or a reaction to

something
nasty rash
(that's a nasty rash on your arm)
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use unpleasant
nasty accident
a stomach problem causing sickness or diarrhoea.

upset stomach
(I had an upset stomach this morning
or had a stomach upset this morning)
unable to move waste material from the body

constipated,
constipation
(I often get constipated on holiday)
injure a part of the body(usually the wrist or ankle) by turning it suddenly.

(twist something)
sprain something
(I sprained my ankle running)
the joint connecting the foot with the leg.
ankle
injure a muscle by stretching it too much.
pull a muscle in training
a sore swelling on the surface of the skin often caused by rubbing or burning.
blister
(I've got a blister on my heel from wearing those
new shoes)
if your scalp itches (or is itchy), you want to scratch it.
itch
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use passing waste from the body too often and in liquid form.
diarrhoea
/ˌlɛʤɚdəˈmeɪn/
legerdemain Sleight of hand; a cleverly executed trick or deception.
SYN: magic, prestidigitation, thaumaturgy.
/ˈθɔːməˌtɜːdʒ/
thaumaturgy Sleight of hand; a cleverly executed trick or deception.
SYN: magic, prestidigitation, legerdemain.
/ˌprɛstɪˌdɪdʒɪˈteɪʃən/
prestidigitation Sleight of hand; a cleverly executed trick or deception.
SYN: magic, legerdemain, thaumaturgy.
sleight of hand Slyness of the hand, a clever trick or illusion done with the hands.
/ˈpjʊəraɪl/
Childish, immature; hence, foolish, silly (pertaining to the childhood years, the time
puerile between infancy and puberty).
SYN: ("childish or immature") infantile, juvenile; ("foolish or silly") inane; frivolous,
asinine, fatuous, sophomoric, callow.
/ˈɪnfənˌtaɪl/
infantile
Pertaining to infancy to babyhood or very early childhood.
/ˈdʒuːvɪˌnaɪl/
juvenile
Pertaining to pre-adulthood, the teenage years.
A psychiatric term for the abnormal appearance of

puerilism
childish behavior in an adult.
Childishness, immaturity, or in civil law, the status of a child between infancy and
puerility
puberty.
/kəmˈplɪsɪtɪ/
complicity Conspiracy, partnership in wrongdoing, criminal participation, direct association in
guilt, the state of being an accomplice. (Tội đồng lõa)
The act of plotting and cooperating secretly, esp to achieve an unlawful, evil, or
conspiracy
treacherous purpose. (Âm mưu)
confederacy People, groups, states, or nations united for a common purpose.
A specific type of conspiracy: a secret understanding in which one person or

collusion
group plays into another's hands with the aim of defrauding a third party.
C1 & C2 Englishconnive
Vocabulary in Use To pretend not to see an unlawful act or know about it and so give tacit consent or
encouragement.
connivance The act of conniving, feigning ignorance of wrongdoing.
To transform; spe to change from one nature, form, or substance into another, esp
transmute
to a higher, better, or more refined one.
Difficult to understand, hard to grasp mentally, deep, profound, incomprehensible,

unfathomable.
abstruse SYN: inscrutable, esoteric, occult, cryptic, enigmatic, arcane, recondite,
acroamatic.
ANT: manifest, discernible, lucid, perspicuous.
To instruct, improve, teach, enlighten; esp to instruct or improve intellectually,

edify
morally, or spiritually.
edification Enlightenment; intellectual, moral, or spiritual improvement.
supercilious Haughty, proud, scornful, contemptuous, disdainful.
To disguise; conceal under a false appearance; speak or behave hypocritically;

cover up the facts or one's true feelings or motives; mask under a pretense or
dissemble
deceptive manner.
SYN: feign, affect, simulate, camouflage, equivocate, prevaricate.
Empty, vacant; devoid of substance, interest, intelligence, expression, or meaning.

vacuous
SYN: blank, unintelligent, shallow, stupid, senseless, inane, fatuous.
vacuity Emptiness, an absence of matter or intellectual content.
Roomy, spacious, ample, able to contain or hold a great deal.

capacious
SYN: spacious, roomy; broad, comprehensive.
mnemonic Helping or pertaining to the memory, assisting or improving the ability to recall.
Resonant; deep, full, and rich in sound; having, or capable of producing, a

sonorous
powerful, impressive sound.
To warn or notify of a fault or error, esp in conduct or attitude; to criticize or

admonish reprove gently but earnestly.
SYN: advise, counsel, caution, apprise, exhort, expostulate.
admonishment A gentle warning or mild criticism.
paradigm An example, model, or pattern.
paradigmatic Exemplary, typical, serving as a model or pattern.

C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Roundabout, indirect, not straightforward, following a roundabout and often
circuitous extended course.
SYN: devious, meandering, sinuous, tortuous, serpentine, labyrinthine.
To clear from blame, free from suspicion of wrongdoing or dishonor; uphold or

maintain the truth or innocence of sb/sth in the face of criticism or imputations of
vindicate
guilt.
SYN: acquit, exonerate.
Rural, rustic, of or pertaining to country life.

bucolic SYN: pastoral, provincial, agrarian, idyllic, Arcadian.
ANT: urban, municipal, civic, metropolitan, cosmopolitan.
To banish, send into exile, expel from a place; to bar, exclude, or reject from a
ostracize
group or from acceptance by society.
ostracism Banishment.
/ˈplɛθərə/
An excess, surplus, overabundance, oversupply.
plethora
SYN: superabundance, profusion, superfluity, surfeit.
ANT: scarcity, insufficiency, dearth, paucity.
plethoric Excessive, overabundant; (language) bombastic, turgid.
An inclination, liking, leaning; a strong natural bent or tendency, often toward sth
proclivity disagreeable, objectionable, or wicked.
SYN: partiality, penchant, predisposition, predilection, propensity.
A harsh, jarring sound, esp a harsh and unpleasant blend of sounds.

cacophony SYN: dissonance, discord, disharmony, stridency.
ANT: silence, tranquility, serenity, placidity, quiescence.
Having a harsh, unpleasant, jarring sound.

cacophonous
SYN: dissonant, discordant, raucous, strident.
Stubborn and disobedient, actively resisting authority or control, unruly, impossible

to work with or manage.
SYN: willful, headstrong, ungovernable, rebellious, obstinate, intractable, perverse,
refractory
recalcitrant, intransigent, contumacious.
ANT: obedient, submissive, compliant, deferential, malleable, docile, tractable,
acquiescent, obsequious.
Literally, kick back.

recalcitrant
SYN: refractory, intractable, contumacious, intransigent.
Unwilling to compromise.
intransigent
SYN: refractory, intractable, contumacious, recalcitrant.
Stubborn in an insolent way.

contumacious
SYN: refractory, intractable, intransigent, recalcitrant.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use A person who attacks cherished or popular beliefs, traditions, or institutions;
iconoclast someone who destroys or denounces an established idea or practice.
SYN: radical, extremist, insurgent, firebrand.
iconoclastic Attacking or opposing established or popular beliefs, customs, or institutions.
To weaken, drain of energy, deprive of force or vigor.

enervate SYN: exhaust, deplete, devitalize, debilitate.
ANT: energize, invigorate, stimulate, revive, enliven, animate, vitalize, fortify.
enervated Lacking energy, drained of vitality or strength.
Lightness or gaiety of manner or expression; spe a lightness or lack of seriousness

that is inappropriate or unbecoming.
levity
SYN: silliness, foolishness, frivolity, flippancy, tomfoolery, triviality, jocularity.
ANT: seriousness, earnestness, sobriety, solemnity, gravity.
/ˈlɛvəˌteɪt/
levitate
To rise or make sth rise into the air in a way that appears to be magical.
Composure, calmness, evenness of mind and temper.

equanimity SYN: poise, self-possession, serenity, tranquility, placidity, imperturbability,
sangfroid.
A criticism, critical comment, esp an unfavorable or hostile observation or remark.

SYN: reproof, censure, condemnation, disapprobation, castigation, objurgation,
stricture
animadversion.
ANT: praise, compliment, commendation, acclamation, plaudit.
plaudit An enthusiastic expression of approval or praise.
stringent Tight, constricted, or rigorous and severe.
Rich, wealthy, very well-to-do, having substantial means.

opulent
ANT: indigent, destitute, impecunious.
opulence Great wealth or a display of great wealth.
To belittle, depreciate, discredit, lower in estimation or value, speak of or treat as

inferior.
SYN: abuse, ridicule, scorn, slander, defame, censure, denigrate, malign, vilify,
disparage
traduce, calumniate.
disparaging (adj)
disparagement (n)
Rambling, roving, covering a wide range of topics, wandering from one subject to
discursive another.
SYN: digressive, desultory.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use /ˌpɛkəˈdɪloʊ/
peccadillo A small sin, slight offense, minor fault or flaw.
SYN: failing, frailty, foible.
peccant Guilty, sinful, culpable.
Liable to sin or do wrong.

peccable
ANT: impeccable.
/ˈsu:ˌpaɪn/
supine
Lying down on the back, with the face turned upward.
prone Lying on the belly, stretched out face downward (nằm sấp).
prostrate nằm sóng soài
recumbent nằm nghiêng
/ˈbeɪnəl/
Common, ordinary, unoriginal; flat, dull, and predictable; lacking freshness or zest.
SYN: trite, commonplace, conventional, humdrum, hackneyed, shopworn,
banal
stereotyped, insipid, vapid, bromidic.
ANT: creative, imaginative, unconventional, unorthodox, ingenious, innovative,
novel, pithy.
banality The quality or state of being common, ordinary, and unoriginal.
/ˈhɛtərəˌdɑ:ks/
Having or expressing an opinion different from the accepted opinion; not in
heterodox
agreement with established doctrine or belief.
ANT: orthodox.
/ˈhɛtərəˌdɑ:ksi/
heterodoxy
An opinion or belief contrary to what is accepted and established.
/ˈoɚθəˌdɑ:ks/
orthodox
Agreeing with established opinion, adhering to accepted beliefs.
doxy An opinion or doctrine, esp a religious opinion.
/ˈherəˌtɪk/
Someone who believes or teaches sth that goes against accepted or official
heretic
beliefs in a way perceived as dangerously false, subversive, or evil.
heretical (adj)
Characterized by lofty, high-flown language; full of grand or high-sounding words.

grandiloquent SYN: magniloquent, bombastic, grandiose, florid, turgid.
ANT: plain-spoken, forthright, unaffected, candid.
magniloquent
Characterized by lofty, high-flown language; full of grand or high-sounding words.
SYN: grandiloquent
multiloquent Using many words, talking up a storm.
breviloquent Speaking briefly.
suaviloquent Speaking in an urbane, sophisticated manner.
doctiloquent Speaking like a scholar or an expert on some subject.
sanctiloquent Speaking solemnly or of sacred matters.
somniloquent Talking in one's sleep.
Mournful and gloomy; expressing sadness or sorrow, often in an exaggerated,

affected, or ridiculous way.
lugubrious SYN: dismal, melancholy, dreary, funereal, doleful, dolorous, disconsolate,
plaintive, woeful, lachrymose, saturnine.
ANT: cheerful, jubilant, joyous, gleeful, mirthful, jovial, sanguine.
/ɪnˌfɪnəˈtɛsəməl/
infinitesimal Too small to be measured or calculated.
SYN: tiny, minute, microscopic, minuscule.
/ˈgoʊd/
To prod or urge to action, stimulate, arouse, stir up.
goad
SYN: egg on, spur, incite, impel, instigate.
ANT: soothe, pacify, appease, assuage, mollify.
/məˈlɪŋgɚ/
malinger To pretend to be sick or incapacitated so as to avoid work or duty; to shirk or
dodge responsibility by feigning illness or inability.
malingerer A person who malingers.
malady An illness or affliction.
/əˈvɚ/
aver To state positively, declare with confidence.
SYN: assert, affirm, avow, profess, contend, asseverate.
To declare in a solemn earnest manner.

asseverate
SYN: assert, affirm, avow, profess, contend, aver.
Proportionate, corresponding in amount, measure, or degree; also, equal, of the

commensurate
same size or extent.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Constant, uninterrupted, continuous, unceasing (active).
incessant SYN: interminable, relentless, unremitting, continuous.
ANT: occasional, irregular, intermittent, incidental, sporadic, fitful, erratic.
continual Happening again and again at short intervals.
Uninterrupted or unbroken (passive).

continuous
SYN: incessant
/ˌɪntɚˈmɪtn̩t/
intermittent
Starting, stopping, and starting again; not constant or steady.
/ˌʌnrɪˈmɪtɪŋ/
unremitting
Not stopping or growing weaker.
A flatterer, parasite, toady, fawning follower, hanger-on.

sycophant
sycophantic (adj)
/tænˈʤɛnʃəl/
tangential Not closely related, only slightly connected, digressive, divergent.
tangent (n) (go off on a tangent)
Defensible, reasonable; able to be defended, maintained, or upheld.

tenable
ANT: untenable, indefensible.
/təˈneɪʃəs/
tenacious
Firm or strong; very determined.
Capable of being touched or felt, easily perceived or discerned.

palpable
ANT: impalpable
Incapable of being felt or understood, not able to be perceived either by the

sense of touch or by the mind.
impalpable
SYN: untouchable, imperceptible, intangible.
ANT: palpable, perceptible, manifest, tangible.
(Medicine) To examine or explore by touch (bắt mạch).

palpate
palpation (n)
Hateful, detestable, offensive, revolting, arousing strong dislike or aversion.

SYN: disgusting, obnoxious, objectionable, disagreeable, contemptible, repellent,
odious
repugnant, loathsome, abominable, abhorrent, heinous, opprobrious, flagitious,
execrable.
odium Hatred (usually hatred experienced or incurred rather than felt).
odiousness The state or quality of being odious.
odorous Emitting an odor, having a distinct aroma or smell.

C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Existing or seeming to exist everywhere at the same time.
ubiquitous ANT: nonexistent.
SYN: ever-present, universal, pervading, omnipresent.
ubiquity The state of being or seeming to be everywhere at once, omnipresence.
(+on) To turn over in the mind, think about again and again, consider carefully or at
ruminate length.
SYN: ponder, contemplate, meditate, deliberate, muse, cogitate, mull.
ruminant (Zoology) An animal that chews its cud; (adjective) chewing the cud.
To pay or compensate for services rendered, trouble

remunerate
taken, or goods provided.
Payment, compensation, or reward.

remuneration
SYN: reimbursement, recompense, consideration, indemnification, emolument.
/ˈvɑ:ljəbəl/
Talkative, talking much and easily, characterized by a great and continuous flow of
voluble words.
SYN: long-winded, glib, garrulous, loquacious, verbose, effusive.
ANT: reticent, terse, laconic, taciturn.
/kəˈmɪzəˌreɪt/
commiserate To sympathize, feel or express sympathy, show sorrow or pity for.
SYN: condole.
A predicament; specifically, a predicament in which one must choose between

dilemma equally undesirable alternatives.
SYN: quandary, quagmire.
Passing, temporary, fleeting, not permanent or enduring.

transitory
SYN: transient, ephemeral, evanescent.
/ˈkwægˌmajɚ/
quagmire
SYN: dilemma, quandary.
Charitable, benevolent, humane; motivated by or done out of a desire to help or

philanthropic improve the welfare of others.
philanthropy (n)
/ˌæltru:ˈɪstɪk/
altruistic Unselfish.
SYN: philanthropic, humanitarian.
/ˈlɛθɚʤi/
Lack of energy, sluggishness, dullness; an abnormally dull, drowsy, inactive
lethargy condition or state of mind.
SYN: apathy, stupor, torpor, somnolence, lassitude, languor, stupefaction.
lethargic /ləˈθɑɚʤɪk/ (adj)
C1 & C2 Englishapathy
Vocabulary in Use An indifferent state of mind, a thorough lack of emotion or concern.
To free from blame; free from a charge or the imputation of guilt; declare
exonerate blameless or innocent.
SYN: acquit, absolve, exculpate.
Given to fighting, combative, quarrelsome, ready and willing to fight.

pugnacious SYN: contentious, belligerent, bellicose.
ANT: peaceable, clement, amicable.
Remorse, penitence, repentance, deep and devastating sorrow for one's sins or for
contrition
sth one has done wrong.
contrite Remorseful, penitent, full of guilt, regret and sorrow for one's sins or offenses.
/ˈpɛnətəns/
penitence
SYN: contrition, remorse.
To abolish by legal or authoritative action or decree.

abrogate
SYN: cancel, revoke, repeal, annul, nullify, rescind.
/əˈfɪʃəs/
officious Meddlesome, nosy, intrusive, interfering, prying; specifically, offering unwanted
advice or unnecessary services, esp in a highhanded, overbearing way.
/ˈkwɪdˌnʌŋk/
quidnunc
A busybody, nosy person.
Hard to manage or control, stubborn, unruly.

intractable
ANT: obedient, compliant, malleable, docile, tractable.
/ˈæltru:ˌɪzəm/
Selflessness, unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
ANT: egoism, self-centeredness.
altruism
(egotism>egoism)
altruist (n)
altruistic (adj)
/ˈækəˌleɪd/
accolade An award; sign of respect or esteem; expression of praise; mark of
acknowledgment; anything done or given as a token of appreciation or approval.
/vɚˈnækjəlɚ/
vernacular The native language of a people; esp, the common, everyday, informal language
of ordinary people.
/ʤuˈdɪʃəs/
Wise and careful, having or showing sound judgment.
judicious
SYN: sensible, levelheaded, prudent, discreet.
ANT: thoughtless, foolhardy, impetuous, temerarious.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use /ˈkrɪsələs/
(1) The pupa of a butterfly; the stage during which the insect is enclosed in a case
chrysalis
or cocoon.
(2) A sheltered and undeveloped state or stage of being.
(1) well-judged sensible and likely to produce the right results.

sound ANT: poor
(2) complete and thorough.
/ʤɛnˈti:l/
genteel Refined, polite, well-bred, sophisticated; elegantly stylish or fashionable;
pertaining or belonging to high society.
/ˈʤoʊvijəl/
jovial Merry, full of good humor, hearty and fun-loving, jolly.
SYN: sociable, jolly, convivial.
/ˈsʌbtɚˌfju:ʤ/
subterfuge A deception, trick, underhanded scheme.
SYN: stratagem, artifice, ruse.
/ɪˈbʊljəns/
ebullience Lively enthusiasm, high spirits, bubbly excitement.
SYN: exuberance, exhilaration, effervescence.
/ˌɛbəˈlɪʃən/
ebullition (1) The process of boiling.
(2) A sudden outburst, as of intense emotion.
/ɪmˈpɚvijəs/
Impenetrable, incapable of being entered or passed through; hence, unable to be
impervious moved or affected by sth.
SYN: impassable, impermeable, opaque.
ANT: penetrable, passable, accessible, permeable, translucent, diaphanous.
To object, protest, reprove, rebuke, argue or plead against.

remonstrate
SYN: expostulate /ɪkˈspɑ:stʃəˌleɪt/.
(1) To rub out, wipe out, erase.

efface (2) To withdraw from notice, make oneself inconspicuous.
SYN: obliterate, expunge.
deface To spoil the appearance of, ruin, disfigure.
Not wanting to attract attention to yourself or your achievements.

self-effacing
SYN: modest.
/kaɪˈmirə/
chimera A foolish fancy, fantastic notion or idea, figment of the imagination.
SYN: whimsy, crotchet, maggot, caprice.
chimerical
/kaɪˈmerəkəl/
SYN: imaginary, fantastic, preposterous, absurd.
/ɪnˈkorəʤəbəl/
(1) Bad beyond correction or reform, hopeless, irreformable.
SYN: irredeemable, irreclaimable, unrepentant, inveterate, unregenerate.
incorrigible
(2) Unruly, unmanageable, difficult to control.
SYN: obstinate, willful, intractable.
ANT: corrigible, capable of being corrected, amended, or reformed.
/ˈʤʌkstəˌpoʊz/
juxtapose To place side by side or close together, esp so as to compare or contrast.
juxtaposition (n)
/kənˈvɚsn̩t/
conversant (+ with) Familiar, acquainted, well-informed or well-versed (suggests the familiarity
that comes from having studied sth).
(+ in) Familiar, acquainted, well-informed or well-versed (suggests the familiarity

versed
that comes from experience).
/ˌɛsəˈterɪk/
Intended for or designed to be understood only by a select group, known only by
esoteric a few people; hence, not public, secret, confidential.
SYN: mysterious, impenetrable, inscrutable, cryptic, abstruse, arcane, recondite.
ANT: plain, apparent, accessible, manifest, discernible, lucid, perspicuous, exoteric.
/ˌɛksəʊˈtɛrɪk/
exoteric
External, popular, of the outside world or open to public view.
/ɑˈspɪʃəs/
Favorable, fortunate; marked by favorable circumstances or good fortune;
auspicious
conducive to success; boding well.
SYN: propitious.
/ˈɑ:spəsəz/
auspices
Protection, guardianship or sponsorship.
/prəˈpɪʃəs/
propitious
SYN: auspicious.
/aɪˈtɪnərənt/
itinerant Wandering, traveling about, moving from place to place, esp to perform work.
SYN: migratory, wayfaring, vagrant, nomadic, ambulatory, peripatetic.
itinerary A list of places to go, a detailed plan for a journey.
A list of things to be done or dealt with, esp a list of items to be addressed in a

agenda
meeting.
ambulatory
Able to walk around.
SYN: itinerant, nomadic, vagrant.
Wandering about with no fixed purpose.

vagrant
SYN: itinerant, nomadic, ambulatory.
/ˈkʌl/
cull
To pick out, select from various sources, gather, collect.
To collect or gather mentally, esp to learn or discover sth bit by bit in a laborious
glean
fashion.
/ˈprɑ:məlˌgeɪt/
promulgate To make known, publish, proclaim, make public in an official manner.
SYN: announce, advertise, broadcast, disseminate, bruit.
promulgation The act of making sth public or widely known.
promulgator A person who makes sth widely known, who proclaims or publicizes it.
/grəˈtu:wətəs/
(1) Free; given without charge or obligation.
gratuitous
(2) Without legitimate cause or reason; uncalledfor, unjustified, baseless,
unwarranted.
gratuity A gift or favor given in return for a service.
/ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪtʃɚ/
nomenclature A system of names, esp a system of names used in a science, art, or branch of
knowledge.
nomenclator A person who assigns names in scientific classification.
/ˈdroʊl/
Amusing, humorous, comical; esp funny or witty in an odd or outrageous way.
droll
SYN: ridiculous, ludicrous, farcical, waggish.
ANT: sober, sedate, staid, austere.
An oddly amusing quality or sth said or done in a slightly outrageous and amusing
drollery
way.
/ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl/
Greedy, hungry, unable to be satisfied or appeased.
insatiable
SYN: ravenous, voracious, unquenchable, unappeasable.
ANT: satiable.
/ˈseɪʃiˌeɪt/
satiate
To satisfy completely or somewhat to excess.
C1 & C2 Englishsatiety
Vocabulary in Use /səˈtajəti/
A state of excessive gratification, satisfaction beyond what one normally desires.
/bɪˈgajəl/
(1) To deceive, delude, or mislead.
SYN: dupe, gull, hoodwink, swindle, bamboozle, ensnare, cozen.
beguile (2) To charm, amuse, or delight.
SYN: enchant, enrapture, enthrall, ensorcel.
beguiler (n)
beguiling (adj)
besmirch To smirch or stain thoroughly.
/vɪnˈdɪktɪv/
Seeking or wanting revenge, vengeful /ˈvɛnʤfəl/, characterized by a desire to get
vindictive
even.
(vengeful > vindictive)
retribution Repayment in the form of punishment in return for a wrong.
Fully or richly supplied, well-stocked, chock-full, filled to capacity.

replete
SYN: stuffed, crammed, gorged, abounding, brimming, teeming, laden, surfeited.
/ˈplɛnəˌtu:d/
plenitude
An abundance, ample amount.
plenary Full or complete in all respects.
/ˈfrɑ:t/
fraught
Causing or having a lot of emotional stress or worry.
/prɪˈklu:d/
To prevent, make impossible, exclude or shut off all possibility of sth happening.
preclude
SYN: avert, obviate, forestall.
ANT: incite, instigate, engender.
/ˈkæstəˌgeɪt/
To punish or criticize severely.
castigate
SYN: chasten, chastise, rebuke, reprimand, reprove, censure.
ANT: approve, reward, praise, commend, laud, extol, eulogize.
/kəˈloʊkwijəl/
colloquial Conversational; pertaining to, characteristic of, or used in spoken language; hence,
informal, casual, natural.
colloquy A conversation, specifically a formal or intellectual discussion.
colloquium A conference or meeting for an informal discussion.
loquacious SYN: garrulous

colloquialism
A colloquial expression, a bit of vernacular language, a word or phrase used in
common everyday informal speech.
/ˈɑ:bfəˌskeɪt/
To make obscure, cloud over, darken, make unclear or indistinct.
SYN: confuse, complicate, muddle, bewilder, shroud, eclipse, adumbrate /ˈædʌm
obfuscate
ˌbreɪt/.
ANT: expose, unveil, clarify, elucidate.
"Please eschew obfuscation."
/ˈfæsəl/
Easy, easily done; performed or achieved in an easy, effortless way; working or
acting in a smooth, free, and unrestrained manner.
facile
SYN: quick, ready, fluent, nimble, dexterous, expert, adroit.
ANT: difficult, awkward, unwieldy, laborious, irksome, obstinate, onerous,
intractable, refractory .
facilitate To make easier, help along.
facility Dexterity, aptitude, ease of movement or action.
/kənˈvɪvijəl/
Sociable, merry, festive.
convivial
SYN: jovial, genial, companionable, affable, gregarious.
ANT: unsociable, reserved, solitary, aloof.
/ɛˈʃu:, ɛsˈtʃu/
eschew
To avoid, shun, abstain from; keep away from sth harmful, wrong, or distasteful.
masticate Chew sth thoroughly.
/prəˈdɪʤəs/
Enormous, huge, tremendous, immense; extraordinary in size, extent, force, or
degree.
prodigious
SYN: mammoth, monumental, colossal, gargantuan, elephantine, herculean,
Brobdingnagian.
ANT: Lilliputian.
/gɑɚˈgæntʃəwən/
gargantuan
SYN: gigantic, enormous.
/ˌɛləˈfænˌti:n/
elephantine Huge, heavy, and awkward.
SYN: prodigious, gargantuan, herculean, Brobdingnagian.
/ˌhɚkjəˈli:jən/
herculean Very large, difficult, powerful.
SYN: prodigious, gargantuan, elephantine, Brobdingnagian.
/ˌbrɒbdɪŋˈnæɡɪən/
Brobdingnagian
SYN: prodigious, gargantuan, elephantine, herculean.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use /ˌlɪlɪˈpjuːʃɪən/
(n) A tiny person or being.
Lilliputian (adj)
(1) Tiny; very small.
(2) Petty or trivial.
/ˈprɑ:dəʤi/
prodigy
A person of marvelous talent or wonderful ability.
/ˌɪdijəˈsɪŋkrəsi/
A peculiarity; distinctive characteristic of a person or group; an identifying trait or
idiosyncrasy
mannerism.
SYN: quirk, eccentricity.
/ˌɪdijoʊˌsɪnˈkrætɪk/
idiosyncratic
Peculiar, distinctive, odd.
/ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/
Approval, acceptance; esp official approval or authorization.
approbation SYN: commendation, endorsement, sanction, ratification, acclamation.
ANT: rejection, opposition, disapprobation, renunciation, repudiation, disavowal,
abjuration.
Thrifty, economical, saving or providing for future needs.

provident
SYN: prudent, frugal
To charge or attribute, esp with a fault or misconduct, lay the responsibility or

impute
blame upon, ascribe /əˈskraɪb/, assign.
imputation a charge or accusation.
Shrewd, clever, perceptive, discerning, acute, keenly aware, quick-witted.

astute
SYN: sagacious, perspicacious, sapient /ˈseɪpɪənt/
A beginner, novice, amateur, tyro; specifically, a new member of or convert to a

neophyte
religion.
tyro A raw beginner, eager to learn but utterly incompetence.
amateur A person who is not skilled.
/ˈdɪləˌtɑ:nt/
dilettante
An amateur practitioner of an art.
A mystery, puzzle, riddle; perplexing problem; sth/sb hard to understand or

enigma
explain; anything baffling, inexplicable, or inscrutable.
Belief, acceptance, especially belief in a published report or acceptance of

credence
another's opinion or testimony.
venerate
To respect deeply, revere, regard with awe and adoration. (Strict sense: regard as
holly or sacred)
To regard with respect and honor.

revere
(Image: Einstein and Oppenheimer)
Worthy of veneration, of being venerated (often used of sth/sb old or long-

venerable
established).
Talkative, especially in a rambling, annoying, pointless, or long-winded way.

SYN: verbose, loquacious, voluble, prolix
garrulous
ANT: reserved, reticent, taciturn, laconic
(literally, "to chatter like a jaybird")
Keen, penetrating, vigorously effective, sharp and to the point.

trenchant
SYN: forceful, acute, incisive
autonomous Independent, self-governing, not under the control of sth/sb else.
panacea A cure-all, universal antidote, remedy for all diseases and difficulties.
/ˌpænəˈræmə/
panorama
a view all around.
/ɪˈfɛmərəl/
ephemeral Short-lived, passing, fleeting, lasting for a short time (a day).
SYN: transitory, evanescent, fugitive, fugacious
/ˈɑ:nərəs/
Burdensome, troublesome, oppressive, hard to bear, difficult to accomplish or
onerous
endure.
SYN: taxing, demanding
Nonprofessionals, laypeople collectively, all the people outside of a given

profession or specialized field; specifically, all who do not belong to the clergy,
laity
religious worshipers in general.
SYN: layman
pungent Sharp, penetrating, biting, acrid, caustic.
nonprofessional, not belonging to a particular profession; specifically, not a

lay
member of the clergy.
Dull, ordinary, uninteresting, unimaginative.

prosaic SYN: commonplace, humdrum, tedious, dry, stale, mediocre, matter-of-fact, insipid,
pedestrian, vapid, jejune /ʤɪˈʤu:n/
/ˈʃɑɚlətən/
charlatan A fake, quack, impostor, fraud, humbug; specifically, a person who pretends to
have a special skill or knowledge.
mountebank a person who tries to trick people, esp in order to get their money.
Mechanical, routine, listless; done merely as a duty; performed in an indifferent,

perfunctory
halfhearted, superficial, and often careless way, without interest or enthusiasm.
Literally, a swamp, marsh, bog; figuratively, sth that traps, confines, or confuses, a
morass
sticky situation or troublesome state of affairs.
Deceptive reasoning, subtle and misleading argument.

sophistry (-> sophisticated)
sophistic, sophistical (adj)
onus a burden, obligation, esp a disagreeable responsibility.
go down the tubes quickly become ruined/spoiled.
Fruitful, fertile, productive.

prolific
ANT: unproductive, barren, sterile, impotent, effete /ɪˈfi:t/.
Of the world, worldly, earthly, material as distinguished from spiritual.

mundane SYN: terrestrial, temporal, secular, sublunary.
ANT: lofty, heavenly, sublime, celestial, ethereal, extraterrestrial.
(adj) Countless, innumerable, infinite, consisting of a great or indefinite number.

myriad
(n) a great or indefinite number.
(adj) Disagreeing, disaffected, dissenting, nonconformist.

dissident
(n) a person who disagrees with a prevailing opinion, method, or doctrine.
Praiseworthy, commendable, worthy of approval or admiration.

laudable SYN: meritorious, estimable.
ANT: contemptible, deplorable, ignominious.
laud to praise, commend, extol.
/ɪˈnɪmətəbəl/
inimitable Unable to be imitated, copied, or reproduced; beyond compare.
SYN: matchless, unrivaled, peerless, unparalleled, surpassing.
jaded Worn out, tired, fatigued, weary, exhausted.
Short-sighted; not able to see the long-range picture; having a narrow or

circumscribed view; lacking discernment, foresight, or perspective.
myopic
SYN: narrowminded, purblind, obtuse.
ANT: broadminded, liberal, tolerant, catholic, latitudinarian.
/dɪˈmɑ:nstrəbəl/
demonstrable (1) Capable of being demonstrated, able to be proved.
(2) Obvious, apparent, self-evident.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Immature, inexperienced, unsophisticated, green, naive, lacking experience in and
callow knowledge of the world.
SYN: fledgling, sophomoric, puerile.
/ˈflɛʤlɪŋ/
fledgling
SYN: callow, sophomoric, puerile.
sophomoric SYN: callow, fledgling, puerile.
puerile SYN: callow, fledgling, sophomoric.
myopia nearsightedness.
/ˈsʌmɚˌsɑ:lt/
somersault (n) a movement in which sb turns over completely.
(v) to turn over completely in the air.
/ˌækwiˈɛs/
acquiesce To agree without protest, accept without argument or resistance, give in quietly.
SYN: consent, comply, submit, assent, accede
/ˌækwiˈɛsn̩s/
acquiescence
Passive agreement, quiet acceptance.
To speak in a pompous and overbearing way; make pretentious or categorical

statements; express one's opinion as though it were an official, authoritative
pontificate
decree.
pontification (n)
Harmful, destructive, injurious, detrimental; esp, harmful to health or well-being.

deleterious SYN: ruinous, noxious, pernicious, malignant
ANT: healthful, advantageous, wholesome, salutary
Uncertain, indecisive; having conflicting feelings or desires; simultaneously drawn

ambivalent
in opposite directions; attracted to and repulsed by sth at the same time.
ambivert A person who is both introverted, innerdirected, and extroverted, outer-directed.
Thoughtful, absorbed in thought, esp in a deep, dreamy, or melancholy way.

pensive
SYN: reflective, meditative, wistful, contemplative
Made up or done on the spur of the moment, uttered or performed without

impromptu preparation, improvised for the occasion.
SYN: offhand, spontaneous, extemporaneous
To guess; esp to make an educated guess; to form an opinion or make a judgment

conjecture based on insufficient evidence.
SYN: suppose, imagine, suspect, presume, guess, speculate, surmise
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Stealthy; characterized by secrecy and caution; done, made, obtained, or enjoyed
in a secret and often sly or shifty manner, so as to avoid notice.
surreptitious
SYN: crafty, furtive, covert, underhand, clandestine
ANT: evident, unconcealed, overt, aboveboard, manifest
Worthy of imitation, praiseworthy, commendable, serving as a model of

excellence, appropriateness, or correctness.
exemplary SYN: ideal, admirable, meritorious, estimable, laudable.
ANT: shameful, disreputable, contemptible, deplorable, ignominious, odious,
heinous.
(1) Perfect, faultless, flawless; free from faults or imperfections.

(2) Unable to do wrong, incapable of sin.
impeccable
SYN: unimpeachable, irreproachable, infallible
ANT: reprehensible, censurable, culpable.
heinous reprehensible, wicked, evil.
Not maculate, unstained, spotless.

immaculate
(+ conception)
respite An interval of rest or relief; a lull, hiatus.
/ˈɚ/
err
To make a mistake.
(1) To affirm to be true, genuine, or correct; certify or authenticate officially; stand

attest as proof or evidence of.
(2) To bear witness to, give testimony.
Abundant, plentiful, large in amount or number.

copious SYN: ample, bountiful, profuse.
ANT: scanty, meager, sparse, paltry.
/koɚnjəˈkoʊpijə/
cornucopia A horn of plenty, hence, any overflowing
stock or supply.
False, misleading, deceptive, invalid, based on a fallacy.

fallacious SYN: erroneous, spurious, untenable, illusory, sophistical.
fallacy (n)
Showing no feelings, unemotional, unaffected by pleasure or pain, bearing pain or

suffering without complaint.
stoic SYN: impassive, dispassionate, indifferent, apathetic, placid, languid, phlegmatic,
imperturbable.
ANT: ardent, vehement, zealous, fervid, fervent.
stoicism Indifference to pleasure or pain.

C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use A countercharge or counter accusation.
recrimination recriminate (v)
recriminative, recriminatory (adj)
(1) Close resemblance or relationship; a strong likeness, similarity, or connection.

SYN: kinship, correspondence, compatibility, consanguinity.
affinity
(2) A natural attraction to, or liking for, a person or thing.
SYN: penchant, propensity, proclivity.
Changeable, unstable, inconstant, likely to change or shift rapidly and

unpredictably.
volatile
SYN: fickle, flighty, capricious, erratic, protean, mercurial.
ANT: stable, fixed, steadfast, invariable, immutable, quiescent.
volant Flying, able to fly, or quick, nimble, agile.
Dirty and run-down as a result of poverty or neglect, foul or filthy from lack of
care, wretched, miserable, degraded.
squalid
SYN: seedy, unkempt, dilapidated, slovenly.
ANT: unsullied, immaculate, pristine.
To speed up, hasten, facilitate, accelerate the progress of, handle or perform
expedite quickly and efficiently.
ANT: delay, postpone, hinder, retard, slacken, protract.
Degraded, brought low in condition or status; hence, lacking self-respect,

contemptible, wretched.
abject
SYN: debased, despicable, ignoble, groveling, servile, squalid.
ANT: noble, dignified, lofty, majestic, eminent, illustrious.
Filthiness, foulness, degradation; a wretched, miserable condition resulting from

squalor
poverty or neglect.
defray To pay, provide money for, cover the cost or expenses of.
Silent, not talkative, holding one's tongue, habitually silent and withdrawn.
SYN: reserved, uncommunicative, reticent.
taciturn
ANT: garrulous, loquacious, effusive, voluble.
-> tacit
Brief and to the point, free of superfluous words, expressed in a pointed and
polished way.
terse
SYN: concise, pithy, succinct, laconic.
ANT: long-winded, redundant, verbose, prolix.
concise eliminating anything unnecessary or superfluous.
succinct getting the point across in the fewest possible words.
A blessing, timely and welcome benefit, sth beneficial bestowed upon one, sth to
boon
be thankful for.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use /ˌprəʊlɪˈtɛərɪət/
proletariat The working class, esp the industrial wageearning class, which earns its living by
manual labor, the lowest and poorest class of people in society.
/bʊəʒwɑːˈziː/
bourgeoisie (1) the middle classes in society.
(2) (politics) the capitalist class.
/ˌhɛtərəʊˈdʒiːnɪəs/
heterogeneous Varied, composed of parts of different kinds, mixed, dissimilar, miscellaneous.
ANT: homogeneous.
/ˌhɛtərəʊˈdʒiːnɪəs/
homogeneous Consisting of things or people that are all the same or all of the same type.
ANT: heterogeneous
/ˈhɛtərəʊˌdɒks/
not following the usual or accepted beliefs and opinions.
heterodox ANT: orthodox
SYN: unorthodox
heterodoxy (n)
pittance A small amount, portion, or share, especially a small or meager amount of money.
Smooth-spoken, speaking in a ready, fluent manner, with natural or offhand ease,

glib talkative in a nonchalant way.
SYN: suave, facile, bland, voluble, flippant, unctuous.
unctuous having a slimy, slippery, or smarmy manner.
/ˈʌŋɡwənt/
unguent an oily substance used on your skin.
SYN: ointment
A liking, leaning, strong inclination, decided taste.

penchant
SYN: propensity, proclivity.
(1) (+ of/for/about): concerned, showing care and attention, esp in a worried,

solicitous anxious, or fearful way.
(2) (+ to): eager, full of desire, willing.
yore of yore: long ago.
supplicant A person who begs for sth.
supplication The act of begging for sth humbly and earnestly.
proletarian Of or relating to the working class.

C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use behaving in a calm and relaxed way; giving the impression that you are not feeling
nonchalant any anxiety.
SYN: casual
peruse to read carefully and critically, examine closely, read through to the end.
loathe to hate, despise.
loath reluctant almost to the point of aversion or disgust.
emulate to strive to equal or excel.
propensity a profound often irresistible inclination.
proclivity a strong natural or habitual tendency, esp toward sth objectionable or wicked.
To limit, restrict, confine, hem in, fix the boundaries of (literally, to draw a line
circumscribe
around).
to go around, bypass, especially in a clever or

circumvent
resourceful way.
circumlocutory expressed in a roundabout way.
circumnavigate to navigate or sail around.
A lack, scarcity, insufficiency, inadequate supply of sth needed.

dearth SYN: paucity.
ANT: abundance, surplus, excess, superfluity, plethora, surfeit.
Flattering, attempting to win approval or curry favor, trying to gain acceptance,

ingratiating done to charm or please another.
SYN: unctuous.
(adj) Greedy, done for payment only, motivated by a selfish desire for money or
other reward.
mercenary
SYN: covetous, avaricious.
(n)
venal corruptible, capable of being bribed or bought off.
To improvise, to speak or compose with little or no preparation or practice,

extemporize perform sth in an offhand or unpremeditated way.
SYN: impromptu, improvise
To make up on the spur of the moment.

impromptu
SYN: improvise, extemporize
extemporaneous spoken or composed with little or no preparation or practice.

C1 & C2 Englisherudite
Vocabulary in Use Learned, scholarly, possessing extensive knowledge acquired chiefly from books.
erudition extensive knowledge acquired from reading books.
Severe, serious, characterized by strict selfdiscipline or severe self-denial, stern in

austere appearance, manner, or practice.
SYN: somber, grim, grave, forbidding, dour.
Using few words, briefly and often bluntly expressed.

laconic
SYN: succinct, concise, pithy, succinct, terse.
pithy (of a comment, piece of writing, etc.) short but expressed well and full of meaning.
To make or become better or more tolerable, raise the condition or state of.
ameliorate
Synonyms: improve, amend, correct, reform, rectify.
To erase, delete, cancel; punch, strike, or wipe out something completely so it

expunge appears as though it had never existed.
SYN: eradicate, obliterate.
Careful, cautious, wary, watchful, carefully considering all circumstances before

circumspect acting or making a judgment.
SYN: discreet, vigilant, prudent
Still, quiet, tranquil, inactive, at rest or repose (suggests a temporary cessation of

quiescent activity, a period of rest or repose).
ATN: vigorous, animated, sprightly, vivacious, ebullient.
A weak point, slight fault or flaw,,-minor failing, especially a (usually forgivable)

foible
weakness in a person's character.
Passionate, having or showing great warmth or intensity of feeling, fiery, earnest,

impassioned.
fervent
SYN: vehement, ardent, fervid, zealous
ANT: lukewarm, listless, apathetic, indifferent, impassive, phlegmatic
To draw out, drag out, extend in time, lengthen, prolong, especially to excess.
protract
ANT: abbreviate, condense, curtail, truncate
Showy, extremely conspicuous, extravagant, flamboyant; specifically, displayed or

ostentatious done in a flashy, vain manner.
ANT: simple, plain, modest, unassuming
A state of uncertainty, perplexity, or doubt.

quandary
SYN: predicament, dilemma
To blame, condemn, find fault with, criticize harshly, express stern disapproval of.
censure SYN: denounce, reprimand, reprehend.
ANT: commend, extol, laud.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use To criticize or complain unnecessarily, point out petty flaws, raise trivial or frivolous
cavil objections.
SYN: nitpick, niggle, carp, quibble.
To absorb, take in; also, to adapt to or become absorbed by a system or culture.

assimilate
SYN: comprehend, incorporate, appropriate.
latent (applies to sth that has not yet been revealed).
dormant (applies to sth inactive or that seems asleep).
predicament a difficult or unpleasant situation in which you do not know what to do.
nitpick SYN: cavil, niggle, carp, quibble
niggle SYN: cavil, nitpick, carp, quibble
carp SYN: cavil, nitpick, niggle, quibble
quibble SYN: cavil, nitpick, niggle, carp
rescind To cancel, take back, take away, remove; also, to render void, annul, repeal.
Recognizable, detectable, perceptible, capable of being recognized by the senses

or by the mind.
discernible
SYN: apparent, evident, distinguishable, manifest.
ANT: obscure, invisible, indistinct, imperceptible.
discernment SYN: astuteness, acumen, perspicacity.
/ˈkætəˌklɪzəm/
cataclysm
A disaster, great mishap, catastrophe, violent upheaval.
disaster (emphasizes the unforeseen unlucky aspect of an event).
/kəˈtæstrəfɪ/
catastrophe
(emphasizes the tragic and irreversible nature of an event).
An event that produces great distress, hardship or misery particularly on a

calamity
personal level.
debacle Any violent disruption or breakdown that leads to collapse or failure.
/ˈnɑːsɪˌsɪzəm/
Self-love, excessive admiration of oneself.
narcissism
SYN: vanity, conceit, egotism, amour-propre /amurprɔprə/.
ANT: humbleness, modesty, humility.
narcissist a person afflicted with narcissism, self-love.

narcissistic full of admiration for one's own appearance, abilities, or achievements.
To charge with a crime, accuse of wrongdoing, implicate, present evidence or

incriminate
proof of involvement in a wrongful act.
A mark of shame or disgrace, a moral blemish, a stain on one's character or

stigma
reputation.
stigmatize to brand as shameful, set a mark of disgrace upon.
(1) Shortness, briefness.

brevity (2) Brief expression, shortness of speech.
SYN: conciseness, succinctness, terseness, pithiness.
A benefit, incidental gain or reward; specifically, an expected or promised benefit,

perquisite
privilege, or advantage received in addition to one's normal salary or wages.
Poor, needy, penniless, impoverished, down-and-out.

indigent
SYN: destitute, impecunious
impecunious SYN: indigent, destitute
destitute SYN: indigent, impecunious
Having exceptional powers of perception, unusually clear-sighted or discerning;

clairvoyant specifically, able to see objects or events that others cannot, having extra-sensory
perception or the power of divination.
to cover an area with a large amount of water.

inundate
SYN: flood
cataclysmic /kat-uh-kliz-mik/
amour-propre /amurprɔprə/
Skillful, clever, dexterous; specifically, showing skill in using one's hands or in using
one's brains.
adroit
SYN: deft, resourceful, ingenious, artful, adept.
ANT: awkward, clumsy, inept, maladroit /ˌmæləˈdroɪt/.
dexterous skilled with the hands or body.
sinister (left) wrong, evil, unfavorable, adverse.
ambidextrous equally skillful or dexterous with both hands.
ambisinister equally awkward with both hands.

C1 & C2 Englishgauche
Vocabulary in Use /ˈgoʊʃ/
(left) crooked, awkward, clumsy.
A flat, dull, ordinary, remark, a trite statement or hackneyed saying, esp one
platitude uttered as if it were original or profound.
SYN: cliche, truism, bromide
platitudinous dull, ordinary, commonplace, insipid, banal.
platitudinize to utter platitudes.
a person who habitually utters platitudes-flat, dull,

platitudinarian
ordinary remarks.
(1) Extremely delicate, sensitive, or particular, esp in matters of taste or behavior.

fastidious SYN: dainty, fussy, finicky, overnice, scrupulous, meticulous, punctilious.
(2) Hard to please, extremely picky or demanding, exacting, critical to a fault.
having scruples or principles, hence rigorously careful and exact about doing what
scrupulous is correct and proper.
SYN: fastidious, meticulous, punctilious
painstaking, taking pains to attend to details.

meticulous
SYN: fastidious, scrupulous, punctilious
punctilious SYN: fastidious, scrupulous, meticulous
squeamish easily shocked or upset, or easily made to feel sick by seeing unpleasant things.
/vɛnˈdɛtə/
vendetta
(Italian, Latin: vindicta) A bitter, protracted feud or rivalry.
vindictive (Italian, Latin: vindicta) vengeful, seeking a revenge.
(1) Clear, easy to see or understand, plainly expressed.

SYN: intelligible, comprehensible, limpid, perspicuous.
lucid
(2) Clear of mind, mentally sound, rational, sane.
ANT: murky, obscure, befuddled, nebulous, ambiguous, abstruse.
pellucid exceptionally clear, extremely easy to see or understand.
/ˈseɪljənt/
Conspicuous, noticeable, prominent; sticking or jutting out.
salient
SYN: protruding, manifest, obtrusive, protuberant.
ANT: inconspicuous, unassuming, unobtrusive, indiscernible, unostentatious.
spring SYN: leap

C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use /ˌkætəˈgorɪkəl/
Absolute, unqualified, explicit; without exceptions, conditions, or qualifications.
categorical
ANT: ambiguous, doubtful, dubious, indefinite, enigmatic,
equivocal.
Incomprehensible, unfathomable, extremely difficult to understand, not open to

investigation or analysis.
inscrutable
SYN: mysterious, impenetrable, esoteric, arcane.
ANT: lucid, perspicuous.
scrutinize to investigate, examine closely.
scrutiny a close examination.
construe To interpret, explain the meaning or intention of.
To refer to sth indirectly, make a casual reference.

allude SYN: suggest, hint, insinuate, intimate.
ANT: indicate, specify, detail, enumerate.
dyed-in-the-wood thoroughgoing or complete.
wrong to treat or judge sb unfairly.
retaliate to do sth bad to sb because they have done sth bad to you.
allusion an indirect, casual, or passing reference.
To support, plead for, be in favor of; esp to speak or write in favor or in defense of
a person or cause.
advocate SYN: champion, endorse, espouse.
advocate (n)
(vocation, avocation, vocational, vocal, convoke, convocation, evoke, evocative).
To entrust with authority, deliver to another's care or management, hand over to an

delegate
agent or representative.
Unheard-of, novel, new, having no precedent or parallel, having no prior example

unprecedented
or justification.
Piercing, sharp, penetrating; spe piercing or penetrating to the senses, to the

emotions, or to the intellect.
poignant
SYN: biting, cutting, keen, acute.
(puncture, pungent, expunge).
Unclear, vague, obscure, hazy, indefinite, indistinct.

nebulous
(nebula, a cloudy mass of dust or gas visible between stars in space (pl: nebulae)).
Kept secret, done in secrecy, esp for an evil, immoral, or illegal purpose.
clandestine
SYN: private, concealed, covert, underhand, sly, stealthy, furtive, surreptitious.
C1 & C2 Englishtirade
Vocabulary in Use A long-drawn-out speech, esp a vehement and abusive one.
(protracted, vituperative, censorious).
recur To happen again, occur again, esp at intervals or after some lapse of time.
allegation An assertion or declaration, esp one made without proof.
Unspoken, silent, implied or understood without words, done or made in silence,

tacit not expressed or declared openly.
(taciturn).
Easily deceived, fooled, or cheated.

gullible SYN: credulous.
(gull, dupe).
(1) Kindly, good-natured, gracious, mild, having or showing a gentle disposition.

(2) Favorable, positive, propitious.
benign
(3) Of the weather or climate, healthful, beneficial, wholesome, salubrious.
(4) In medicine: mild, not deadly, or severe.
External, outer, lying at or forming the outside or boundary of sth; hence, not
peripheral
essential, irrelevant.
rebuff To refuse bluntly, reject sharply, turn down abruptly, snub, spurn.
Ill will, hostility, antagonism, strong dislike or hatred.

animosity
SYN: malice, aversion, malevolence, antipathy, rancor, enmity.
Thin, slender, slight, flimsy, weak, not dense or substantial, lacking a strong basis,
tenuous
having little substance or strength.
Self-satisfied, smug, overly pleased with oneself.

complacent
# complaisant
The peak, highest point, esp the point of culmination, the highest possible point in
the development or progress of sth.
acme
SYN: summit, zenith.
acmatic (adj)
defunct Dead, extinct, obsolete; no longer in existence, effect, operation, or use.
To encourage, support, help, aid, promote, assist in achieving a purpose (either

abet
good or evil).
Worn out, tired, drawn; wild-eyed and wasted, as from exhaustion, illness, or grief.
haggard
SYN: gaunt, emaciated.
waive To relinquish voluntarily, give up, forgo; also, to postpone, defer, or dispense with.
C1 & C2 Englishcarnal
Vocabulary in Use Bodily, pertaining to the flesh as opposed to the spirit.
SYN: sensual, corporeal.
sanction To approve, allow, permit, authorize, certify, ratify.
Uncertain, unclear, doubtful, dubious, questionable, puzzling, having an obscure

or indefinite meaning.
ambiguous
SYN: enigmatic, cryptic, equivocal.
ANT: distinct, apparent, evident, conspicuous, manifest.
Wasteful, spending extravagantly or foolishly, squandering one's resources.

spendthrift
SYN: improvident, prodigal, profligate
To calm, soothe, soften in feeling or tone, make less harsh or severe.

mollify SYN: pacify, appease, assuage.
-> emollient (adj); (n)
Clear and direct, definite, straightforward, certain; having a single, obvious

unequivocal meaning; capable of being interpreted in only one way.
ANT: equivocal, ambiguous
Capable of being shaped, able to be molded or manipulated.

malleable SYN: adaptable, impressionable, tractable.
ANT: inflexible, unyielding, stubborn, adamant, obstinate, intransigent.
Wordy, having too many words, long-winded, full of verbiage.

SYN: garrulous, loquacious, voluble, prolix.
verbose (formal) verbosity (n)
-> verbal; verbatim; verbiage
-> proffer (v)
To expose as false, deceitful or exaggerated, to prove that sth is bunkum, foolish

debunk and insincere.
debunker (n)
improvident Not provident, not providing for the future.
Spending money in a reckless or extravagant way, usually to support a lavish or

luxurious style.
prodigal
SYN: extravagant
prodigality (n)
Extremely prodigal or spendthrift, refers esp to a person who spends money with
reckless abandon and lives a life shamelessly devoted to pleasure.
profligate
SYN: wasteful.
profligacy (n)
(adj) Softening, soothing, mollifying.

emollient
(n) A softening or soothing agent such as a lotion or cream for the skin.
proffer To put forward for acceptance, present as a gift.

C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Temporary, passing away with time, lasting or staying only a short while,
momentary, fleeting, short-lived.
transient
SYN: transitory, evanescent, ephemeral, fugitive, fugacious.
ANT: permanent, timeless, eternal, everlasting.
vagrant A person who has no home or job, esp one who begs from people.
vagabond A person who has no home or job and who travels from place to place.
transitory Ath that by its nature is bound to pass away or come to an end.
evanescent Fading away like vapor or vanishes as if into thin air.
ephemeral Living or lasting for only a day.
(n) A person who has escaped or is running away from somewhere and is trying to
avoid being caught.
fugitive (adj) (1) Trying to avoid being caught.
(2) Lasting only for a very short time.
SYN: fleeting, fugacious.
nettle To irritate, annoy, vex, harass, pester, provoke.
(1) To reject, cast off, disown, renounce, refuse to accept as one's own.
repudiate
(2) To reject as false, deny the authority of, refuse to accept as true.
Hasty, rash, overeager; acting in a sudden, vigorous, emotional way, with little
thought.
impetuous
SYN: impulsive.
ANT: prudent, discreet, circumspect.
rash Suggests reckless haste and foolish daring.
impulsive Suggests an ungovernable inner force that drives one to act without thinking.
Spending carefully and wisely; also, involving little expense, not wasteful or lavish.
frugal
SYN: thrifty, economical, provident, parsimonious.
thrifty Implies hard work and good management as a means to prosperity.
economical Implies the use of money or resources in the most advantageous way.
provident Providing for the future.
parsimonious Extremely frugal, stingy, miserly.
Out of place, inappropriate, inconsistent, unsuitable, lacking harmony of parts or

incongruous
agreement in character.
congruent
Coming together harmoniously, fitting in consistently.
SYN: congruous.
To relieve, ease, make less severe or intense; also, to satisfy, appease, make
assuage content.
SYN: allay, mollify, mitigate.
To confirm, support, make more certain or believable, strengthen by providing

corroborate additional evidence or proof.
Synonyms: authenticate, verify, substantiate.
(n) A person's face or their expression.

countenance (v) To support sth or agree to sth happening.
SYN: consent to
authenticate To establish sth as authentic or genuine.
verify To establish as true, confirm the accuracy of.
substantiate To support by supplying reliable evidence or proof.
To decorate, dress up, adorn, enhance with ornamentation, make more beautiful,
embellish
elegant, or interesting.
Greedy, money-grubbing, miserly, consumed with a selfish desire to accumulate

money or property.
avaricious
SYN: covetous, mercenary.
avarice (n)
greedy An excessive desire for anything.
covetous An excessive and sometimes immoral desire for what another person has.
Feeling or showing strong sexual desire.

lustful
SYN: lascivious.
Refers, usually unfavorably, to the gratification of the senses or physical appetites,

sensual
esp in a self-indulgent or sexual way.
sensuous Refers favorably to things experienced through the senses.
Quick, hasty, not methodical, done rapidly with little attention to detail.
cursory SYN: hurried, haphazard, slapdash, superficial.
ANT: thorough, careful, scrupulous, exhaustive, prolonged, protracted.
To waver, fluctuate, be indecisive, show uncertainty, hesitate in making up one's

vacillate
mind.
C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use (1) Mild, calm, tranquil, moderate, temperate, not severe or extreme.
clement (2) Merciful, lenient, inclined to pardon or forgive.
clemency (n)
lucrative Profitable, producing wealth, money-making, financially productive, remunerative.
allocate To assign, designate, earmark, set aside for a specific purpose.
(1) To make friendly again.

reconcile (2) To bring into agreement, make consistent.
(3) To resign oneself to accept sth undesirable.
paragon A model of excellence, perfect example.
Similar, alike in certain ways, corresponding partially, sharing some aspects of

form, function, or content.
analogous
SYN: akin, comparable.
analogy (n)
(1) Daily, recurring each day, performed or happening in the course of a day.
diurnal
(2) Active during the day. ANT: nocturnal.
An excuse, ostensible reason or motive, professed purpose; specifically, an excuse

pretext
or false reason given to hide the true reason.
lucre Money, profit, especially tainted money, ill-gotten gains.
thoroughly, completely.
cold
SYN: clean, dead

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C1 & C2 English Vocabulary in Use Study

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Terms in this set (1171)

equality of opportunity when everyone has the same chances

schooling education received at school

elitism when you favour a small, privileged group

inherent in existing as a basic part of something

perpetuate make something continue for ever

perceive see, consider

better-off richer, in better circumstances

less well-off poorer; have less or little money

to excel achieve an excellent or very high standard

tertiary learning education at college or university level

undergratuates students doing a first degree

tuition fees money paid to receive teaching

literacy the ability to read

numeracy the ability to count/do basic math

curriculum course of study in a school or college

syllabus plan of what is to be studied

lifelong education education for all ages

mature students adult students older than the average student

bullying threathening behaviour

guidelines advice on how something should be done

distraction takes attention away

idle chatter not serious conversation

exchange pleasantries (formal) make polite conversation

share juicy gossip (informal) interesting because it is shocking or personal

rumours flying around

engage in conversation have a conversation

open your heart to confide in

win an argument lose an argument

a good discussion enjoy

broach the subject begin a discussion of a difficult topic

bring up the subject drop the subject

overstate my case give too much importance or seriousness to a point of view

bombard with questions ask a lot of questions

make broad generalisations generalise

opening gambit a remark made In order to start a conversation

a rash promise promises made without thinking

a tough question difficult question to answer

tally with match or agree with

concurs with share/agree with an idea/opinion

found in accord with be in complete agreement with

coincide with be the same as

conform to fit in with

approve of think something is right or good

dissent opposition to the accepted way of thinking

discord lack of agreement or harmony

controversy a lot of disagreement about a subject

reach a compromise accept some of the demands

reach a settlement reach a decision/agreement

exercise discretion be sensitive

promise someone the earth/moon promise someone a great deal

it promises to be interesting expect something to be interesting

oath/ to swear a formal promise