Transport Mechanism:
both the aqueous external environment
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE CELL
MEMBRANE
TRANSPORT MECHANISM
 It refers to the different pathways and
processes a cell must move substances in
out and around itself.
 In cellular biology, membrane transport
refers to the collection of mechanisms that
regulate the passage of solutes such as
ions and small molecules through
biological membranes, which are lipid
bilayers that contain proteins embedded in
them.
CELL MEMBRANE
 Also called plasma membrane or biological
membrane.
 Serve as the boundary between the cell's
internal and external environments.
 Regulates all substances that enter and
exits the cell.
 Exhibits selective permeability which is
why it is referred to as a semi permeable
membrane.
STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF CELL
MEMBRANE
 The main body of the plasma membrane is
composed of an amphipathic [molecule
known as Phospholipid.
 Ampiphatic, which contains both
hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF CELL
MEMBRANE
 This unique structure allows the plasma
membrane to adopt a bilayer structure
wherein the hydrophilic surface is facing
and cytosol.
 Additionally, because of its hydrophobic
properties the tails form an internal layer.
These factors cause the plasma
membrane to be semi-permeable to
certain substances.
STRUCTURE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
The plasma membrane is represented using a
model known as the FLUID MOSAIC.
STRUCTURE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
GLYCOLIPID
 combination of carbohydrates and lipids.
Their role is to maintain the stability of the
cell membrane and to facilitate cellular
recognition, which is crucial to the immune
response and in the connections that allow
cells to connect to one another to form
tissues
GLYCOPROTEIN
 Combination of carbohydrates and
proteins. Glycoproteins are involved in
nearly every process in cells. They have
diverse functions such as in our immune
system, protection of our body,
communication between cells, and our
reproductive systems.
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
 The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is
a thin polar membrane made of two layers
In of lipid molecules. These membranes
are flat sheets that form a continuous
barrier around all cells. The lipid bilayer
acts as a barrier to the passage of
molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
CHANNEL PROTEIN  Peripheral proteins form temporary bonds
with the cell membrane, allowing them to
 Channel proteins are shaped like a tube,
detach and reattach at specific times, with
allowing molecules to pass from one side
specific signals. This allows cells to
of the membrane to the other. Channel
coordinate and communicate using
proteins facilitate the transport of
networks of proteins and reactions.
substances across a cell membrane.
CYTOSKELETAL FILAMENTS

 A structure that helps cells maintain their

shape and internal organization, and it
also provides mechanical support that
enables cells to carry out essential
functions like division and movement.

CYTOSKELETAL FILAMENTS STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE CELLMEMBRANE

CHOLESTEROL

 Cholesterol modulates the bilayer structure

of biological membranes in multiple ways.
It changes the fluidity, thickness,
compressibility, water penetration and
intrinsic curvature of lipid bilayers.
CHOLESTEROL

INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN

 Integral membrane proteins reside within

the bilayer membranes that surround cells
and organelles, playing critical roles in
movement of molecules across them and
the transduction of energy and signals.

PERIPHERAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN