Table of Contents

Experiment No. 13...........................................................................................................................2

1. Title:.........................................................................................................................................2
2. Objective:.................................................................................................................................2
3. Problem Statement:..................................................................................................................2
4. Apparatus:................................................................................................................................2
5. Theory:.....................................................................................................................................2
5.1. What is CMM Machine?......................................................................................................2
5.2. Why Do I Need a CMM Machine?.......................................................................................3
5.3. How CMM Works?..............................................................................................................3
5.4. What is hole edge contour?...................................................................................................4
6. Procedure:.................................................................................................................................5
7. Comments:................................................................................................................................5
References........................................................................................................................................6

Table of Figures

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 Experiment No. 13
1. Title:
To determine the hole edge contour error using video probe.
2. Objective:
This experiment aims to accurately determine hole edge contour errors utilizing a video
probe on a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), ensuring precision and reliability in
measurement procedures.

3. Problem Statement:
Recognizing the crucial relevance of correcting disparities in hole edge contours for satisfying
quality requirements, a manufacturing company's production manager has chosen to employ
rigorous video probe techniques. This strategy approach attempts to reduce measuring
variability, increasing measurement accuracy and reinforcing trust in organizational product
quality. Through these efforts, the manager hopes to make a substantial contribution to quality
assurance and proactive quality management.
4. Apparatus:
 Manual CMM (Model: Chen Wei CE-450 DV, Software: Quadra Chekt QC-5000)
 Calibration Sphere
 Work piece

5. Theory:
5.1.What is CMM Machine?
Accurate geometric and physical dimensions are critical in every production process.
There are two approaches used for this purpose. The traditional method entails the use of
measuring hand instruments or optical comparators. However, these instruments necessitate skill
and are prone to errors. The alternative option is to utilize a CMM machine [1].

Figure 1

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CMM machine is an abbreviation for Coordinate Measuring Machine. It is a tool that uses
coordinate technology to measure the size of machine/tool parts. The dimensions that can be
measured are height, width, and depth in the X, Y, and Z axes. You can measure the target and
record the measured data depending on the sophistication of the CMM equipment.
5.2.Why Do I Need a CMM Machine?
After determining what a CMM machine is, you should understand why they are important in
any manufacturing process. Answering the question requires understanding the operational
differences between the traditional and new methods.

The old method of measuring parts has numerous drawbacks. For example, the operator
examining the parts must have expertise and skill. If this is not well represented, it may result in
the provision of subpar parts.

Another reason is the sophistication of the parts manufactured in the twenty-first century.
Technological advancement has resulted in the creation of more complicated pieces. As a result,
a CMM machine is more appropriate for the procedure.

Figure 2

5.3.How CMM Works?

A CMM performs two functions. It measures the physical geometry and dimension of an object
using a touching probe installed on the machine's moving axis. It also tests the parts to ensure
that they are identical to the rectified design. The CMM machine operates in the following
manner.

The part to be measured is set on the CMM's base. The measurement location is the base,
which is made of a dense, sturdy, and rigid substance. The rigidity and stability ensure that
measurements are accurate regardless of external forces that may disturb the operation. A
moveable gantry with a touching probe is also positioned above the CMM plate. The CMM
machine then directs the probe along the X, Y, and Z axes using the gantry. It does this by
replicating every aspect of the parts to be measured.

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 5.4.What is hole edge contour?
Hole edge contour error refers to the deviation between the actual contour of a hole and
its ideal or expected contour. This error can occur due to various factors such as machining
inaccuracies, tool wear, and material properties.
In the context of machining, sharp edges are often curves of intersection between features and
surfaces. Normally, the critical dimensions are defined by these edges. Using raster milling,
edges parallel to the milling path can be skipped, resulting in significant errors.
The hole edge contour error can be calculated by comparing the measured contour with the ideal
or expected contour. This can be done by subtracting the measured values from the expected
values at each point along the contour [2].
The formula for calculating the hole edge contour error at a particular point can be represented
as:
E=M−I
where:

E is the hole edge contour error,

M is the measured contour at a particular point, and
I is the ideal or expected contour at that point.

Figure 3

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6. Procedure:

1. Calibration: Calibrate the video probe of the CMM using a calibration artifact. The
artifact should be of known dimensions and geometry. The calibration process will vary
depending on the specific software and hardware you are using.
2. Boundary Definition: Define a boundary around the hole by capturing images at various
points. The number of points will depend on the complexity and size of the hole.
3. Image Capture: Capture images of the hole using the video probe. Ensure that the
lighting conditions are optimal for capturing high-quality images.
4. Measurement: Use the CMM software to measure the edge contour of the hole from the
captured images. The software should have features that allow for these measurements to
be made directly from the images.
5. Error Calculation: The hole edge contour error can be calculated by comparing the
measured contour with the ideal or expected contour. This can be done by subtracting the
measured values from the expected values at each point along the contour.

The formula for calculating the hole edge contour error at a particular point can be represented
as:

E=M−I

where:

 E is the hole edge contour error,

 M is the measured contour at a particular point, and
 I is the ideal or expected contour at that point.

7. Comments:
The streamlined procedure offers a clear and efficient method for evaluating hole edge contour
errors with a video probe on a CMM. Each point provides essential guidance, ensuring a
straightforward execution of the determination process. This concise approach prioritizes setup,
probe attachment, calibration, and thorough data analysis, emphasizing efficiency in assessing
hole edge contour errors promptly and accurately.

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References

[1] "Rapiddirect," [Online]. Available: https://www.rapiddirect.com/blog/what-is-cmm-

machine/. [Accessed 6 January 2023].
[2] "Ebrary," [Online]. Available:
https://ebrary.net/158221/engineering/sharp_edge_contour_machining. [Accessed 6 January
2023].