Grade 10 Term 2

Topic: Euclidean Geometry

CAPS statement:

1. Revise basic results established in earlier grades regarding lines, angles and triangles, especially the
similarity and congruence of triangles.

2. Investigate line segments joining the mid- points of two sides of a triangle.

3. Define the following special quadrilaterals: the kite, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square and
trapezium. Investigate and make conjectures about the properties of the sides, angles, diagonals and
areas of these quadrilaterals. Prove these conjectures.

Cognitive level analysis:

Knowledge (K), routine procedure (R), complex procedure (C) or problem-solving
Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry
Question 1

1.1. In the diagram alongside, CD  AB. FE

is a straight line passing through G. AF || EB
and AG = GB = GE.

1.1.1. Calculate, giving reasons, the sizes of

angles a, b, d, e and f. (4)

1.1.2. Prove that AFG ≡ BEG (4)

1.2. In ABC, A = 90° and . D is the midpoint of AB and E is the midpoint of BC. DE is
drawn so that BDE = 90°. DE = 2,8 cm.

1.2.1. Explain why DE || AC. (1)

1.2.2. Prove that ABC ||| DBE (3)

1.2.3. If DE is 2,8 cm, calculate the length of AC. (1)

1.2.4. Name the quadrilateral formed by ADEC, giving a reason. (2)

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MEMO - Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 1

1.1.1 a = 90 (CD  AB, given)

b = 50(complementary angles sum to 90)
d = 70 (base angles of triangle equal)
e = 70 (base angles of triangle equal)
f = 70 (alternate angles equal, AF || EB) (4) (K)

1.1.2. In AFG and BEG

F = E (alternate angles equal, AF || EB or proved in 1.1.1)
AG = BG (given)
AGF = BGE = 40 (vertically opposite angles equal)
 AFG ≡ BEG (S) (4) (C)

1.2.1. A pair of corresponding angles is equal (1) (C)

1.2.2. Any two of the following reasons are required.

In ABC and DBE:
BDE = BAC (given)
B is common
ACB = DEB (corresponding angles equal, DE || AC)
 ABC ||| DBE ( ) (3) (C)

1.2.3. If DE is 2,8 cm, AC = 5,6 cm (1) (R)

1.2.4. Quadrilateral ADEC is a trapezium (one pair of opposite sides parallel) (2) (K)
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Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 2

2.1. In the diagram alongside, ABC || DEF, BE and CD

intersect at G and BG = CG. C = 50°.

2.1.1. Calculate, giving reasons, the sizes of the angles a to e.

(6)

2.1.2. Prove that  BCG ||| EDG (3)

2.1.3. Complete the following:

BC BG
= =
ED DG (1)

2.2. ABCD is a parallelogram and diagonal AC is drawn

2.2.1. Show that AB = CD and AD = BC. (4)

2.2.2. Name three other quadrilaterals that have both pairs of opposite sides parallel. (2)
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MEMO - Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 2

2.1.1 a = 50 (BCG isosceles) (1)

b = 130(supplementary angles sum to 180) (1)
BGC = 80 (sum of angles in triangle equal 180) (1)
c = 80 (, vertically opposite angles equal) (1)
d = 50 (alternate angles equal, ABC || DEF) (1)
e = 130 (exterior angle OR AC || DF; alternate to b) (1) (6) (K)

2.1.2. Any two of the following reasons are required (2)

In BCG and EDG
BCG = EDG (alternate angles equal, ABC || DEF)
BGC = EGD (vertically opposite angles equal)
CBG = DEG (alternate angles equal, ABC || DEF)
  BCG ||| EDG () (1) (3) (C)

2.1.3.

(1) (R)

2.2.1. In ABC and CDA

1) ACB = CAD (alternate angles equal, AD || BC)
2) AC is common
3) B = D (opposite angles of ||gram equal) (2)
 ABC ≡ CDA (S) (1 mark for the case of congruency)
 AB = CD and AD = BC (1) (4) (C)

2.2.2. Rhombus (1)

Square / Rectangle (Either for 1 mark) (2) (K)
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Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 3

3.1. In isosceles triangle ABC with AB = AC,

BC is produced to F. The midpoints of AB and
AC, D and E respectively, are joined. DE ||
BCF. AD = 3,7 cm and

3.1.1. Give, with reasons, the sizes of angles x,

y and z.
(3)

3.1.2. Given that ∆ABC ||| ∆ADE, complete:

AB AC
= =
AD DE (1)

3.1.3. Give, with reasons, the lengths of EC and

BC. (2)

3.2. ABCD is a kite, with AB = AD and BC = CD.

Diagonals AC and BD are drawn.

3.2.1. Given that ∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC, write down the

pairs of corresponding angles that are equal in
triangles ∆ABC and ∆ADC.
(3)

3.2.2. Show that ∆ABO ≡ ∆ADO (4)

3.2.3. What other properties of the diagonals of a kite

can now be deduced? (2)
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MEMO - Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 3

3.1.1. x = 110° – 70° = 40° (Exterior angles of triangle = sum of two interior opposite angles)
y = 70° (corresponding angles equal, DE || BCF)
z = 70° (sum of angles in triangle = 180° OR ∆ADE isosceles  base angles equal. (3) (R)

3.1.2.
AB AC BC
= =
AD AE DE (1) (K)

3.1.3. EC = 3,7 cm (∆ABC isosceles, D and E midpoints  AD = DB = AE = EC = 3,7 cm)

BC = 5 cm (midpoint theorem) (2) (K)

3.2.1. BAC = DAC; B = D; BCA = DCA (3) (R)

3.2.2. In ∆ABO and ∆ADO:

1) AB = AD (given)
2) BAO = DAO (BAC = DAC as ∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC)
3) AO is common.
 ∆ABO ≡ ∆ADO (SAS) (4) (C)

3.2.3. The diagonals cut each other at 90° (BOA = DOA = 90° as the angles of a straight line add
up to 180°). One diagonal is bisected. (2) (C)
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Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 4

4.1. In ∆ABD, midpoints F and C of AB and BD respectively, are joined. AC is drawn. BCA = 63,
ABC = 68 and ADC = 36.

4.1.1. Give, with reasons, the sizes of angles p, q and r. (3)

4.1.2. What two facts describe the relation between FC and AD? (2)

4.2. Rectangle ABCD is drawn below. F and C are points on AE and BD, respectively. CBF = 47
and CED = 43.

4.2.1. Give, with reasons, the sizes of angles a to d. (4)

4.2.2. What type of quadrilateral is BCEF? Give a reason for your answer. (2)

4.2.3. Prove that ∆ABF ≡ ∆DEC. (4)

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MEMO - Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 4

4.1.1. p = 180° – (63° + 68°) = 49° (Sum of the interior angles of a triangle equals 180°)
r = 180° – 63° = 117° (Adjacent supplementary angles add up to 180°)
q = 180° – (36° + 117°) = 27° (Sum of the interior angles of a triangle equals 180°) (3) (R)

4.1.2. FC = ½ AD; FC || AD (2) (K)

4.2.1. a = 90° (ABCD is a rectangle, interior ’s of rect. equal 90°)

b = 47° (AE || BD, alt ’s equal)
c = 133° (adj. supp. ’s sum to 180°)
d = 47° (adj. complementary ’s sum to 90°) (4) (R)

4.2.2. A parallelogram (Both pairs of opposite angles are equal) (2) (K)

4.2.3. In ∆ABF and ∆DEC:

1) BF = EC (BF and EC opposite sides of parallelogram BFEC)
2) A = D (ABCD is a rectangle, interior ’s of rect. equal 90°)
3) AB = DE (ABCD is a rectangle, opposite sides equal)
 ∆ABF ≡ ∆DEC (RHS) (4) (C)
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Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 5

5.1. Isosceles triangle ABD is drawn with AB = AD. The midpoints of each of the sides, F, C and G
are joined. AC is drawn and cuts FG at H. BCGF is a parallelogram with B = 45°. AC BD.

5.1.1. Give, with reasons, the sizes of the angles a to f. (6)

5.1.2. Prove that ∆AHF ≡ ∆AHG (4)

5.1.3. What type of quadrilateral is AFCG? Give a reason for your answer. (1)

5.1.4. BC = 4,5 cm. Name two other line segments with the same length. Give reasons for your
answers. (4)
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MEMO - Grade 10 Term 2: Euclidean Geometry Question 5

5.1.1. a = 45° (’s in ∆ABC sum to 180°)

b = 45° (base angles of isosceles ∆ABD equal)
c = 45° (’s in ∆ACD sum to 180°)
d = 45° (opposite ’s in ||gram BCGF equal)
e = 45° (alternate ’s equal, FG||CD)
f = 45° (alternate ’s equal, CG||FA) (6) (R)

5.1.2. In AHF and ∆AHG:

1) AH is common.
2) FAH = GAH (shown above)
3) AHF = AHG = 90° (corresponding to ACB given)
 ∆AHF ≡ ∆AHG (RHS)
Note: Other cases for congruency might be given. (4) (C)

5.1.3. AFCG is a square. ∆AHF, ∆AHG, ∆CHF and ∆CHG are all isosceles triangles with base angles
equal to 45°. AH = HC = FH = HG, with AC and FG bisecting at 90°  AC and FG are the diagonals
of a square OR AF = AG – CG = CF. Interior angles are all 90°  AFCG is a square.
(2) (C)
5.1.4. BC = CD (C is given as midpoint of BD)
BC = FG (Opposite sides of parallelogram are equal OR midpoint theorem) (4) (K)
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