STEVE JOBS-

“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish” is a quote from Steve Jobs’ famous commencement
address at Stanford University in 2005. In his speech, Jobs shared personal stories
from his life and offered valuable life lessons to the graduating students. Here’s a
brief introduction and summary of his speech:

Introduction:
Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Inc. and a visionary entrepreneur, delivered the
commencement address to Stanford University’s graduating class in
2005. Known for his innovative thinking, Jobs shared anecdotes from his own life,
highlighting his journey from being a college dropout to becoming one of the most
influential figures in the tech industry.

Summary:

Connecting the Dots: Steve Jobs emphasized the importance of “connecting the
dots” in life. He shared how seemingly unrelated
experiences in his past, including dropping out of college, taking calligraphy classes,
and traveling to India, played a crucial role in shaping his vision for Apple’s
products. He encouraged students to trust that the dots would connect in the future.

Love What You Do: Jobs stressed the significance of loving one’s work. He
recounted how being fired from Apple, the company he co-founded, led to the
creation of Pixar, which later merged with Disney. His passion for
technology and storytelling ultimately resulted in the success of Pixar’s
animated films.

Don’t Settle: Jobs urged the graduates not to settle for mediocrity and to pursue their
true passions relentlessly. He shared his own experience of
 facing setbacks and challenges but never giving up on his dreams.

Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish: The phrase “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish” was the mantra
of Jobs’ life. He encouraged students to remain curious, take risks, and embrace their
inner “foolishness.” He believed that those who are crazy enough to think they can
change the world are the ones who do.

Facing Mortality: In a poignant moment, Jobs talked about his diagnosis of a rare
form of pancreatic cancer. He emphasized that facing mortality gave him a new
perspective on life and the realization that time is limited. He
encouraged the graduates to pursue what truly matters to them.

In conclusion, Steve Jobs’ “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish” speech is a reflection of his
life’s journey and the wisdom he gained from it. It inspired Stanford University’s
graduating class of 2005 and continues to resonate with people worldwide as a call to
pursue their passions, take risks, and never settle for less than what they truly desire.

Questions and Answers

1. What does Jobs say about his mother?
Steve Jobs describes his biological mother as a young, unwed college
2. graduate who decided to put him up for adoption. She had specific criteria for the adoptive parents, including that they
must be graduates. Initially, a lawyer couple expressed interest, but they later hesitated because they had wanted a girl
instead of a boy. Eventually, Jobs was adopted by a different couple who met his mother’s conditions. How did his foster
parents adopt him?
Jobs’ foster parents adopted him after agreeing to meet the criteria set by his
biological mother. They initially fell short as they were undereducated, but they
made a promise to send him to college and provide him with a
bright future. Once they made this commitment, Jobs’ biological mother signed the
adoption papers, and he was adopted by the couple.
3. What does he say about his studies at Reed College?
Steve Jobs briefly attended Reed College, an expensive institution.
However, he struggled academically and felt that his college education wasn’t
directly leading to his desired future. This dissatisfaction with his college
experience eventually led him to drop out.

4. Why did he drop out from college?

Jobs dropped out of Reed College because he couldn’t see how his college education
was helping him achieve his goals. He found it to be expensive, and after about six
months, he stopped attending classes. His decision to drop out was driven by a
desire to pursue a different path.

5. What di?culties did he face after he dropped out?

After dropping out of college, Steve Jobs faced significant challenges. He had no
place of his own to live and slept on his friends’ floors. To make
ends meet, he collected and returned empty coke bottles for their 5-cent deposits and
occasionally relied on free meals from the Hare Krishna
temple, which required a seven-mile walk.

6. Why did he decide to learn Calligraphy?

Jobs decided to learn calligraphy because, despite dropping out of college, he had a
strong interest in beautiful typography. He was drawn to the
 artistry of calligraphy and its attention to detail, which he believed could have
practical applications in the future.

7. How did his knowledge of Calligraphy help him?

Jobs’ knowledge of calligraphy, including aspects like serif and sans-serif
typefaces and spacing, later played a crucial role in the development of the
Macintosh computer. When he designed the Macintosh, he incorporated
these typographic principles, making it the first computer to feature
beautiful typography. This emphasis on design and aesthetics set the Mac apart from
its competitors.

8. What does he mean by connecting the ‘dots’?

Jobs emphasizes the idea of “connecting the dots” in life. He suggests that, while it’s
impossible to predict the future when you’re making choices and
taking actions, looking back, you can see how seemingly unrelated
experiences and decisions fit together to shape your life. Jobs encourages trusting
that these dots will connect in the future, even when you can’t see the full picture,
and having faith in your intuition and destiny. This
perspective, he believes, can lead to success in life.

9. How did Jobs set up Apple Inc.?

When Steve Jobs was 20 years old, he collaborated with his schoolmate
Steve Wozniak to establish Apple in the garage of his parents’ home. Their hard
work and dedication paid off, and over the course of ten years, Apple evolved from
a two-person operation in a garage into a two billion dollar company with over 4000
employees. During this period, they created
groundbreaking products, including the Macintosh, which garnered immense
popularity.
10. How did he lose his position in Apple Inc.?
As Apple grew, Jobs and the company’s board of directors hired a talented
individual to run the company alongside Jobs. However, their differing visions for
the company led to a falling out. Ultimately, the board of
directors sided with the other individual, resulting in Steve Jobs being ousted from
Apple.

11. How did he feel about his dismissal?

Steve Jobs was deeply affected by his dismissal from the company he had co-
founded. It was a shocking and humiliating experience for him, as he was publicly
portrayed as a failure and an outsider. Despite attempting to make amends, his
efforts were in vain. While he initially considered leaving the valley, his love for
Apple and its potential compelled him to stay and
embark on a new chapter in his life.

12. How did he return to Apple Inc.?

After his departure from Apple, Steve Jobs founded two other successful
companies: NeXT and Pixar. Apple eventually acquired NeXT, and Jobs made his
return to the company. The technology developed at NeXT played a pivotal role in
Apple’s resurgence, becoming the foundation of its modern success. This marked
Jobs’ triumphant return to the company he co-
founded.

13. How did the quotation on death affect Jobs?

The quotation on death had a profound impact on Steve Jobs. When he
encountered this quote at the age of 17, which encouraged living each day as if it
were the last, it sparked a deep sense of urgency within him. Jobs
found that contemplating death made him more active and fearless in life. It helped
him let go of pride, fear, failure, and external expectations. He
embraced the idea of making the most of every moment and working diligently
before the last moment arrived.

14. How did the consciousness of death inspire him?

The consciousness of death served as a powerful source of inspiration for Steve
Jobs. It motivated him to make significant life choices by focusing on what truly
mattered. He realized that when faced with the inevitability of death, external
concerns and superficial desires faded away. By
remembering that life is finite, he believed it was possible to break free from the trap
of worrying about what could be lost. It encouraged him to pursue what was
genuinely important and meaningful.

15. What was the doctor’s advice to him when he was diagnosed with
cancer?
When Steve Jobs received his cancer diagnosis, the doctors informed him that he
had a form of pancreatic cancer that was considered incurable.
They gave him a prognosis of six months to live. The doctor’s advice to him was
straightforward: return home and prepare for the end. Essentially, they recommended
making the most of the time he had left in the comfort of his own home rather than
in a hospital.

16. How does Jobs view death?

Steve Jobs held a unique perspective on death. He acknowledged that no one desires
to die, even those who aspire to reach heaven. However, he
emphasized that death is an inescapable part of life that all individuals share. He
regarded death as a natural and essential aspect of existence. In his view, death was
life’s greatest invention and served as a change agent. It cleared away the old to
make room for the new, symbolizing the cycle of
life.
17. What is most important in the face of death?
In the face of death, Steve Jobs believed that the most crucial aspect was not
wasting time. Recognizing the certainty of death and the brevity of life, he advised
against being trapped by the dogma of others or living according to external
expectations. Instead, he emphasized the importance of following one’s own heart
and intuition. Jobs encouraged people to have the courage to pursue their genuine
aspirations, as they often already knew what they truly desired to become. He
stressed that everything else in life was secondary.

18. What was Jobs’ farewell message?

Steve Jobs’ farewell message was encapsulated in the phrase “Stay Hungry, Stay
Foolish.” He drew inspiration from Stewart Brand’s publication, “The Whole Earth
Catalog.” This message encouraged individuals never to
become complacent with their current achievements but to maintain a hunger for
continuous learning and growth. It also emphasized the value of humility,
suggesting that one should always be open to new experiences and be willing to
acknowledge their own limitations. In essence, Jobs’
farewell message urged people to remain curious, passionate, and adventurous
throughout their lives.

Additional Question and Answer

1. What inspired Steve Jobs to start Apple Inc.?

Answer: Steve Jobs was inspired to start Apple Inc. with Steve Wozniak due to their
shared passion for personal computers and a vision to make
computing accessible to everyone.

2. How did Steve Jobs describe his experience at Apple’s garage?

Answer: Steve Jobs described the early days of Apple in his parents’ garage as a
period of intense creativity and innovation, where they worked tirelessly to build the
first Apple computer.

3. What was the significance of the Apple I computer?

Answer: The Apple I computer was significant as it marked the beginning of

Apple’s journey into the personal computer industry. It was the first product that
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak designed and sold.

4. What major product did Apple release in 1984?

Answer: In 1984, Apple released the Macintosh computer, which was a

groundbreaking product known for its innovative graphical user interface and mouse
input.

5. How did Steve Jobs view the intersection of technology and liberal arts?

Answer: Steve Jobs believed that the intersection of technology and liberal arts
could lead to the creation of more user-friendly and aesthetically
pleasing products. He thought that technology alone was not enough; it had to be
combined with human creativity and artistry.

6. What was Steve Jobs’ approach to product design?

Answer: Steve Jobs had a minimalist approach to product design. He
believed in simplifying products to make them intuitive and user-friendly. He often
said, “Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.”

7. How did Jobs’ departure from Apple in 1985 affect the company?

Answer: Jobs’ departure from Apple in 1985 led to a period of decline for
the company. Without his leadership, Apple faced challenges and a lack of
innovation.

8. What other successful companies did Steve Jobs create during his time
away from Apple?

Answer: During his time away from Apple, Steve Jobs founded two successful
companies: NeXT Inc. and Pixar Animation Studios. NeXT was known for its
advanced workstations, and Pixar produced hit animated films like “Toy Story.”

9. How did Steve Jobs’ return to Apple in 1997 impact the company?

Answer: Steve Jobs’ return to Apple in 1997 had a transformative effect on the
company. He revitalized Apple’s product lineup, introduced new
products like the iMac and iPod, and led the company to tremendous success.

10. What were some key principles of Steve Jobs’ leadership style?
Answer: Steve Jobs’ leadership style was characterized by a focus on innovation,
perfectionism, attention to detail, and an unwavering commitment to quality and user
experience.

11. What iconic product was introduced by Apple in 2007?

Answer: In 2007, Apple introduced the iPhone, a revolutionary smartphone that

combined a phone, iPod, and internet communication device into one, changing the
mobile industry forever.

12. How did Steve Jobs explain the concept of “connecting the dots”?

Answer: Steve Jobs explained “connecting the dots” as the idea that you can’t
predict the future, but looking back on your life, you can see how events and
experiences connect and lead you to where you are today.

13. What does Jobs mean by “your time is limited, don’t waste it living
someone else’s life”?

Answer: Steve Jobs meant that individuals should not spend their lives
trying to fulfill other people’s expectations or conform to societal norms. Instead,
they should pursue their passions and follow their own path.

14. What is the significance of Jobs’ advice to “stay hungry, stay foolish”?

Answer: “Stay hungry, stay foolish” is a call to remain curious, open-minded, and
willing to take risks in life. It encourages continuous learning and
embracing new experiences.
15. How did Steve Jobs’ battle with cancer affect his perspective on life
and work?

Answer: Steve Jobs’ battle with cancer gave him a heightened awareness of the
fragility of life. It reinforced his belief in focusing on what truly matters and
pursuing one’s passions without delay.

16. What was the impact of Steve Jobs’ leadership on Apple’s success and
innovation?

Answer: Steve Jobs’ leadership played a pivotal role in Apple’s success and
innovation. His vision, attention to design, and ability to create
groundbreaking products set Apple apart as a technology leader.

17. How did Jobs view the importance of following one’s intuition?

Answer: Steve Jobs believed that intuition was a powerful guide in decision- making.
He encouraged people to trust their inner voice and intuition
because it often led to creative and innovative solutions.

18. What lessons can individuals learn from Steve Jobs’ life and career?

Answer: Individuals can learn several lessons from Steve Jobs, including the
importance of pursuing one’s passion, embracing failure as a learning opportunity,
focusing on quality, and staying hungry for knowledge and
experiences.

19. How did Steve Jobs’ legacy continue after his passing in 2011?
Answer: Steve Jobs’ legacy continued through the products, design
principles, and innovative culture he instilled at Apple. Apple continued to release
successful products, and his influence extended to various industries.

20. What impact did Steve Jobs have on the technology and entertainment
industries?

Answer: Steve Jobs had a profound impact on the technology and

entertainment industries by introducing innovative products like the iPhone, iPad,
and iTunes. He transformed how people interacted with technology and
communication.
THE TOYS OF PEACE ---- H.H. Munro (SAKI)
Hector Hugh Munro was a witty British author who published under the pen name SAKI or H.H.Munro.The story "The Toys of Peace" was
first published in the 1919 anthology of the same title. Set in 1914, the story satirizes the campaign by the National Peace Council, a
coordinating committee of anti-war organizations, against violent toys. The plot is set in motion when Eleanor asks her brother to buy "peace
toys" instead of toy soldiers for her young sons. Presented with lead figures of notable civilians and other non-violent toys, the boys are at
first unsure what to do. Children being resourceful, however, they soon find a way to combine the new toys with their history homework for
entertainment.

Short Answer Questions

1.What exciting news did Eleanor want Harvey to read from the London newspaper?

The exciting news that Eleanor wanted her brother Harvey to read from the London newspaper was about children's toys
which carried some of their ideas about influence and upbringing.

2.What were the views of the National Peace Council according to the extract

According to the extract, from the views of National Peace Council, there were grave objections to presenting the boys with
regiments of fighting men, batteries of guns and squadrons of dreadnoughts.

3. Boys, as National Peace Council admits naturally love

a) fighting and all the panoply of war

4.Where and when would the children's welfare exhibition open?

The children's welfare exhibition will open in Olympia in three weeks’ time from 19th of March. (As the article came in the
newspaper on 19th March)

5.How did the peace council make alternate suggestions to parents?

Peace council made an alternate suggestion to parents, in the shape of an exhibition of 'peace toys'. In front of a specially-
painted representation of the Peace Palace at The Hague, will be grouped, not miniature soldiers but miniature civilians, not
guns but ploughs and the tools of industry. It was hoped that manufacturers may take a hint from the exhibit, which will bear
fruit in the toy shops.
6.What suggestion does Eleanor makes to Harvey regarding the opportunity to inaugurate the new experiment of
using peace toys? Eleanor suggests that when Harvey is coming for Easter, and as he is having the habit of bringing toys for
the boys, she suggested this as an opportunity for him to inaugurate the new experiment by buying toys and models that have
special bearing on civilian life in its more peaceful aspects. He must explain the toys to the children and interest them in the
new idea.

7.What kind of toys did Eleanor wanted Harvey to buy for the children during Easter?

She wanted Harvey to give children toys and models that have special bearing on civilian life in its more peaceful aspects.
She wanted him to give quite a new impulse and direction to the children's minds as they were at their most impressionable
age.

8.Which character comes up with the idea of purchasing peace toys for the boys in the toys of peace? Eleanor

9.What toy had Aunt Susan sent the children earlier. What made her take the toy away from the children?

Aunt Susan sent the children the 'Siege of Adrianople' toy which the children knew very well without any explanations and
even they knew all the uniforms and flags and the names of the respective commanders. She had to take the toy away from
the children because she heard them using the most objectionable language which they told was the Bulgarian word of
command. 10.The names of the two young boys were Eric and Bertie. They were eleven (not reached exactly eleven)
and nine and a half years old.

11.What primitive instincts and hereditary aspects had to be taken into consideration according to the uncle

The primitive instincts are the natural love of boys for fighting and all the panoply of war and hereditary aspects that had to
be taken into consideration was, one of their great-uncles fought in the most intolerant fashion at Inkerman and he was
specially mentioned in dispatches, and their great-grandfather smashed all his Whig neighbours' hot houses when the great
Reform Bill was passed.

12.What did the boys anticipate when Eleanor announced that they had "the newest things in toys" as Easter gift?

When Eleanor announced that they had "the newest things in toys" as Easter gift the boys anticipated that either it will be
Albanian soldiery or Somali camel-Corps.Eric was in favour of latter only and whispered that there would be Arabs on the
horse back and even explains that the Albanians have got jolly uniforms, and they fight all day and night too,when there is
moon, and says, because the country is rocky, they have got no cavalry.

13.How did Harvey want to impress the boys with regard to the municipal dustbin. What did they think about it?
Eric first thought that it was the palace of the "Mpret of Albania" and was immensely proud of his knowledge of the exotic
title and he thinks so, as it has got no windows, so that passers-by. can't fire in at the Royal Family. Then Harvey tells them
that it is a municipal dust bin where all the reuse and litter of the town is collected instead of lying about and injuring the
health of the citizens.

14.Name some of the peace toys bought by Harvey

Some of the peace toys bought by Harvey were Municipal dust bin ,figure of John Stuart Mill-a civilian of political economy,
a model of the Manchester branch of Young Women's Christian Association, figure of Robert Raikes- civilian and founder of
Sunday schools, model of municipal wash house, figure of sanitary inspector, figure of district councillor, figure of official
of local government board, ballot box and some tools of industry like wheel barrow and hoe, model beehive, ventilator,
model of school of art and public library, lead figure of Mrs. Hemans-a poetess, figure of Rowland Hill-who introduced
system of penny postage and figure of Sir John Herschel-eminent astrologer.(Answer any few toys according to the marks)

15.How according to the children could one make two people contest a seat in parliament According to the children, one
could make two people contest a seat in parliament with rotten eggs and free fights and so many broken heads and noses all
bleeding and everybody drunk as can be.

16.What was the holiday task given to children?

The holiday task given to children was history that time and the children have to, got to learn up, something about the
Bourbon period in France.They also have to got to know something about Louis the Fourteenth,continued Eric telling that he
has learnt the names of all the principal battles already.

17.It was possible for Harvey to compile history for use in elementary schools in which there should be no prominent
mention of battles, massacres, murderous intrigues, and violent deaths. True/False?

False

Paragraph questions

1. What holiday task did the boys have to do for the History class?

The holiday task given to children was history that time and the children must, got to learn up, something about the Bourbon
period in France. They also have to got to know something about Louis the Fourteenth, continued Eric telling that he has
learnt the names of all the principal battles already. Then Harvey is explaining to them that the accounts of them were much
exaggerated and news was very unreliable and had practically no war correspondents, so generals and commanders might
have magnified every little skirmish they engaged in till they reached the proportions of decisive battles. Harvey is adding
that Louis was famous, now, as a landscape gardener; the way he laid out Versailles was so much admired that it was copied
all over Europe, as he wanted to to give quite a new impulse and direction to the children's minds about history.

2. Studying historic battles and playing war games go hand in hand. Did it influence the boys? Explain.

Yes.Studying historic battles and playing war games go hand in hand and had influenced the boys.when Eleanor asks her
brother to buy "peace toys" instead of toy soldiers for her young sons. Presented with lead figures of notable civilians and
other non-violent toys, the boys are at first unsure what to do. Children being resourceful, however, they soon find a way to
combine the new toys with their history homework for entertainment. Harvey returns later to check on the boys how they are
playing with the new peace toys. Peeping in through the doorway Harvey observed that the municipal dust-bin had been
pierced with holes to accommodate the muzzles of imaginary cannon, and now represented the principal fortified position in
Manchester; John Stuart Mill had been dipped in red ink, and apparently stood for Marshal Saxe. Louis orders his troops to
attack the Young woman's christian association and abduct the girls. Mrs.Hemans is used for one of the girls and she stabs
Marshal Saxe to the heart and the soldiers rush in and avenge his death with the utmost savagery. and hundred girls were
killed and Bertie splashes the remaining red ink all over the young woman's christian association building.This shows that
studying historic battles and playing of war games go hand in hand and can influence young children.

3.What imaginative ways do the boys find to use the ''peace toys'' in their war games?

Robert Raikes, the founder of Sunday schools was made to play the role of Louis the Fourteenth. As he was not like him, Bertie gave him a purple
coat from his paintbox. Madame de Maintenon, was represented by Mrs. Hemans.

The municipal dust-bin had been pierced with holes to accommodate the muzzles of imaginary cannon, and now represented the principal fortified
position in Manchester; John Stuart Mill had been dipped in red ink, and apparently stood for Marshal Saxe. Louis orders his troops to attack the
young woman's Christian association and abduct the girls. Mrs. Hemans is used again for one of the girls and she stabs Marshal Saxe to the heart.
To show the bleeding, Bertie, splashed red ink liberally over the facade of the Association building. and the soldiers rush in and avenge his death
with the utmost savagery. and hundred girls were killed and Bertie splashes the remaining red ink all over the young woman's Christian association
building.

4.What did Harvey see when he went back to the boys ‘room, to check how they were getting on with their peace toys?

Peeping in through the doorway Harvey observed that the municipal dust-bin had been pierced with holes to accommodate the muzzles of
imaginary cannon, and now represented the principal fortified position in Manchester; John Stuart Mill had been dipped in red ink, and
apparently stood for Marshal Saxe. Louis orders his troops to attack the young woman's Christian association and abduct the girls. Mrs. Hemans is
used again for one of the girls and she stabs Marshal Saxe to the heart. To show the bleeding, Bertie, splashed red ink liberally over the facade of
the Association building. and the soldiers rush in and avenge his death with the utmost savagery. and hundred girls were killed and Bertie splashes
the remaining red ink all over the young woman's christian association building.
5.Towards the end of the story, Harvey exclaims "the experiment-- has failed. We have begun too late”. Why does he say that?

When Eleanor asks her brother to buy "peace toys" instead of toy soldiers for her young sons, her brother Harvey, present them with lead figures of
notable civilians and other non-violent toys. The boys are at first unsure of what to do with the peace toys. Children being resourceful, however,
will soon find a way to combine the new toys with their history homework for entertainment. When Harvey goes back to the boys ‘room, to check
how they were getting on with their peace toys, peeping in through the doorway, Harvey observes that the municipal dust-bin had been pierced
with holes to accommodate the muzzles of imaginary cannon, and now represented the principal fortified position in Manchester; John Stuart Mill
had been dipped in red ink, and apparently stood for Marshal Saxe. Louis orders his troops to attack the young woman's Christian association and
abduct the girls. Mrs. Hemans is used again for one of the girls and she stabs Marshal Saxe to the heart. To show the bleeding, Bertie, splashed red
ink liberally over the facade of the Association building. and the soldiers rush in and avenge his death with the utmost savagery. and hundred girls
were killed and Bertie splashes the remaining red ink all over the young woman's Christian association building. So he exclaims “the experiment--
has failed. We have begun too late."

6. Eleanor believes that it is possible to curb a boy's natural enthusiasm for violent games by giving them ''peace toys.'' Did she succeed?
Explain.

Eleanor believes that it is possible to curb a boy's natural enthusiasm for violent games by giving them ''peace toys”. Boys, as the Council admits,
naturally love fighting and all the panoply of war , but that was no reason for encouraging, and perhaps giving permanent form to, their primitive
instincts. So Eleanor asks her brother to buy "peace toys" instead of toy soldiers for her young sons. Eleanor suggests that when Harvey is coming
for Easter, and as he is having the habit of bringing toys for the boys, she suggested this as an opportunity for him to inaugurate the new
experiment by buying toys and models that have special bearing on civilian life in its more peaceful aspects. He must explain the toys to the
children and interest them in the new idea. Presented with lead figures of notable civilians and other non-violent toys, the boys are at first unsure
what to do. Children being resourceful, however, they soon find a way to combine the new toys with their history homework for entertainment.
Robert Raikes, the founder of Sunday schools was made to play the role of Louis the Fourteenth. As he was not like him, Bertie gave him a purple
coat from his paintbox. Madame de Maintenon, was represented by Mrs. Hemans.

The municipal dust-bin had been pierced with holes to accommodate the muzzles of imaginary cannon, and now represented the principal fortified
position in Manchester; John Stuart Mill had been dipped in red ink, and apparently stood for Marshal Saxe. Louis orders his troops to attack the
Young Woman's Christian Association and abduct the girls. Mrs. Hemans is used again for one of the girls and she stabs Marshal Saxe to the heart.
To show the bleeding, Bertie, splashed red ink liberally over the facade of the Association building. and the soldiers rush in and avenge his death
with the utmost savagery. and hundred girls were killed and Bertie splashes the remaining red ink all over the young woman's Christian association
building.

Eleanor was not successful to curb the boys natural enthusiasm for violent games by giving them ''peace toys.'' as the boys already
found imaginative ways to use the ''peace toys'' in their war games. Studying historic battles and playing war games had influenced the boys as
they were really at a most impressionable age.