PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

I, Định nghĩa
 Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past Perfect Continuous) là thì dùng
để diễn tả một hành động đã và đang xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết thúc
trước một hành động khác, hành động đó cũng kết thúc trong quá khứ. Quá
khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn mô tả tính chính xác của các hành động đã xảy ra.
 Dùng để diễn đạt một hành động bắt đầu xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong một
khoảng thời gian ở quá khứ. Hành động này đã kết thúc tại một thời điểm
xác định trong quá khứ.
- Ví dụ: Quan had been playing games from the morning to noon yesterday.
(Quân đã chơi điện tử liên tục từ sáng đến trưa ngày hôm qua.)
 Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong quá khứ
nhưng bị một hành động khác chen vào trong quá khứ.
- Ví dụ: I had been reading book until my mother asked me to go to the market.
(Tôi đã đọc sách cho đến khi mẹ tôi rủ tôi đi chợ.)
 Dùng để diễn tả kết quả của một hành động do hành động khác gây ra trong
quá khứ.
- Ví dụ: Lan was so tired because she had been working home all day long.
(Lan rất mệt vì chị ấy đã làm việc nhà liên tục cả ngày.)
 Dùng để diễn đạt về một hành động xảy ra liên tục được xác định trước một
mốc thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ.
- Ví dụ: Jenny had been watching T.V for 2 hours by 7p.m last night.
(Jenny đã xem ti vi được 2 tiếng tính đến 7 giờ tối ngày hôm qua.)

II, Công thức

1, Câu khẳng định
Cấu trúc: S + had + been + V-ing +…
- Ví dụ:
She had been doing her homework for twenty minutes before her mother came
home.
(Cô ấy đã đang làm bài tập về nhà khoảng 20 phút trước khi mẹ cô ấy về nhà.)
Linda had been working in the office for eight hours before the phone rang.
(Linda đã đang làm việc trong văn phòng 8 giờ trước khi chuông điện thoại reo.)
2. Câu phủ định
Cấu trúc: S + had not / hadn’t + been + V-ing
Ví dụ:
Thuy hadn’t been doing her homework when her mother came home.
(Thuy đã đang không làm bài về nhà khi mẹ cô ấy quay về nhà.)
Hoa hadn’t been listening to music English before she found her headphones.
(Hoa đã đang không nghe nhạc cho tới khi cô ấy tìm thấy tai nghe của mình.)
3. Câu nghi vấn
A, Câu hỏi Yes/No question
Cấu trúc câu hỏi: Had + S + been + V-ing +… ?
Trả lời:
Yes, S + had.
No, S + hadn’t.
Ví dụ:
A: Had Quang been watching T.V when we came? (Có phải Quang đã đang xem ti
vi khi chúng ta đến?)
B: Yes, he had. (Đúng vậy)
A: Had Linda been doing her homework for ten minutes before her sister came
home. (Có phải Linda đã đang làm bài tập khoảng 10 phút trước khi chị gái cô ấy
quay về nhà?)
B: No, she hadn’t. (Không đâu)
B, Câu hỏi Wh- question
Cấu trúc hỏi: WH-word + had + S + been + V-ing +…?
Trả lời: S + had + been + V-ing…
Ví dụ:
How long had Hoang been sitting there?
(Hoàng đã đang ngồi đây được bao lâu rồi?)
Hoang had been sitting for thirty minutes before you arrived.
(Hoàng đã đang ngồi đây được 30 phút trước khi bạn quay lại.)

III, Dấu hiệu thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
1. By the time: Đến lúc/ vào lúc….
Ví dụ:
By the time I came back he had been watching T.V for five hours.
(Đến lúc Tôi quay lại, anh ấy đã xem ti vi khoảng năm tiếng đồng hồ).
By the time my mother arrived, I had been cooking dinner.
(Trước lúc mẹ tôi về, tôi vẫn đang nấu bữa tối).
2. Until then: Cho đến lúc đó
Ví dụ:
Until then, I had been leaving Ha Long for 10 years
(Cho đến lúc đó tôi đã rời khỏi Hạ Long được 10 năm).
Until then, I had been playing football.
(Cho đến lúc đó tôi vẫn đang chơi đá bóng).
3. Prior to that time: Thời điểm trước đó/ trước đó
Ví dụ: Prior to that time I had been still traveling in Phu Quoc for two months.
(Trước đó, tôi đã du lịch ở Phú Quốc khoảng hai tháng).
4. Before, after: Trước, sau
Ví dụ:
Before I came, Lan had been having dinner at 7 o’clock.
(Trước khi tôi đến, Lan đã ăn tối lúc 7 giờ).
Before my family arrived, I had been calling my best friend.
(Trước khi gia đình tôi quay về, tôi đã gọi cho bạn thân của tôi).

IV, Bài tập

Exercise 1:
1.I ( learn) ………had been learning……………………….. all day, so I just
wanted to go out.
2.She (sleep) ……………had been sleeping………………….. for ten hours when
I woke her up.
3.They (live) ……………………………….. in Beijing for three years when he
lost his job.
4.By the time we met, he (work) ……………………………….. at that company
for six months.
5.We (eat) ……………………………….. all day, so we were full.
6.He was red in the face because he (run) ………………………………..
7.It (rain) ……………………………….. and the road was covered in water.
8.I was really tired because I (study) ………………………………..
9.We (date) ……………………………….. three years before we got married.
10.It (snow) ……………………………….. for three days.

Keys:
1. had been working
2. had been sleeping
3. had been living
4. had been working
5. had been eating
6. had been running
7. had been raining
8. had been studying
9. had been dating
10. had been snowing

Exercise 2. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1.We (sleep) ……………………………….. for 12 hours when he woke us up.
2.They (wait) ……………………………….. at the station for 90 minutes when
the train finally arrived.
3.By 9 p.m yesterday, we (chat) ……………………………….. for two hours.
4.I (not/walk) ………………had not been walking……………….. for a long time
when the speed walking contest was organized.
5.How long (learn/she) ……had she been learning…………………………..
English before she went to London?
6.Frank caught the flu because he (sing) …………had been
singing…………………….. in the rain for too long.
7.He (drive) …………had been driving…………………….. for less than an hour
by the time his car ran out of: hết, cạn kiệt petrol.
8.They were very tired in the evening because they (help)
……………………………….. on the farm all day.
9.I (not/work) ……………………………….. all day; so I wasn't tired and went to
the disco at night.
10.They (cycle) ……………………………….. all day so their legs were sore in
the evening.

Keys:
1. had been sleeping
2. had been waiting
3. had been chatting
4. had not been walking
5. had she been learning
6. had been walking
7. had been driving
8. had been helping
9. had not been working
10. had been cycling
Exercise 3: Chia động từ theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn hoặc thì quá khứ
tiếp diễn
- Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor ( mặt sàn ) . He (look) was looking
for his cigarette lighter.
- We (walk) had been walking along the road for about 20 minutes before a car
stopped and the driver offered us a lift.
- When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full.
They (eat) were eating
- When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths
were empty but their stomachs were full. They (eat) were eating.
- Ann (wait) was waiting for me when I came. She was rather annoyed with me
because I was late and she (wait) had been waiting…………for a long time.

Keys:
was looking
had been walking
were eating
had been eating
was waiting, had been waiting

Exercise 4: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất

1. It was very rowdy next door. Our neighbours ………….(have) a party.
A. have B. had C. were having D. had been having
2. Jenny and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with her because she
……..(walk) so fast
A. was B. had C. Have been D.
walking walked walking walked
3. James was sitting on the ground. He was out of breath. He………………..
(run)
A. runs B. run C. had been running D. had run
4. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ……………(look) for his
contact lens.
A. looked B. was looking C. had been looked D. had been looking
5. When I arrived, John ……………. (wait) for me. He was annoyed with me
because I was late and he …………………(wait) for a long time.
A. waited B. was waiting – had C. was waiting – D. waited – had
– waited been waiting was waiting been waiting
Keys:
C
A
C
B
B

Exercise 5: Chọn từ thích hợp

1. She ( visited / had visited ) the museum after she had read the book.

2. Before the party, they (cleaned/ had cleaned) the house.

3. The chef ( đầu bếp ) (prepared/ had prepared ) dessert ( món tráng miệng )
before the guests ( khách ) arrived.

4. By the time the concert ended, many people (left/ had left) already.

5. We (walked/had walked) to the top of the hill and enjoyed the view.

6. After they (played/had played) outside, they went to bed.

7. By the time I got to the shop, they (sold/had sold) out of the shoes I wanted.

8. When the teacher returned, the students (left/had left) the classroom.

9. Before the guests arrived, she (decorated/had decorated) the house.

10.The team was happy because they (won/had won) the match.
Keys

1. had visited
2. had cleaned
3. had prepared
4. had left
5. had walked
6. had played
7. had sold
8. had left
9. had decorated
10.had won

Exercise 6: Hoàn thành câu

1. By the time Sarah arrived, the train __________. (leave)
2. They were tired because they __________ all day. (walk)
3. After I had finished my homework, I __________ a movie. (watch)
4. The students couldn't answer the question because they __________ the
topic. (not study)
5. When I got to the party, many people __________ already __________.
(arrive, leave)
6. Before they came to visit us, we __________ the house. (clean)
7. She couldn't find her keys because she __________ them. (lose)
8. By the time we reached the theater, the movie __________. (start)
9. The children were exhausted as they __________ all day at the beach. (play)
10.When the guests arrived, we __________ dinner. (already serve)
Keys:
1. had left
2. had walked
3. watched
4. had not studied
5. had already arrived, had left
6. had cleaned
7. had lost
8. had started
9. had played
10.had already served