Transformations MCR3U

MCR3U Transformations

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TRANSLATIONS

• A change made to a figure or a relation such that the figure or graph of the relation is
shifted or changed in shape.
• Translations, reflections and stretches/compressions are types of transformations.
* In order to sketch the graphs of the transformed functions, we first need to know how
to graph the base function.
Translations: A transformation that results in a shift of the original figure without
changing its shape.

1) Vertical Translation of c units :

* The graph of the function g(x) = f(x) + c.

when c is positive, the translation is UP
by c units.
when c is negative, the translation is DOWN
by c units.

2) Horizontal Translationof d units :

* The graph of the function g(x) = f(x –d).

→ when d > 0, the translation is to the RIGHT
by d units.
→ when d < 0, the translation is to the LEFT
by d units.

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Example 1: Given the functions f(x) graphed below, sketch the graph of g(x) on the
same grid as the original function f(x).

a) g(x) = f(x) ‐ 5 b) g(x) = f(x + 3)

Example 2: Graph the following parent functions and their transformed functions.
Describe the transformations that occurred. State the domain and range of the
transformed functions.

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REFLECTIONS OF FUNCTIONS
Reflection : A transformation in which a figure is reflected over a reflection line.
Invariant Points : Points that are unaltered by a transformation.

1) Reflection in the x–axis or Vertical Reflection: The graph of g(x) = ‐f(x)

Examples: Graph the following functions along with their base functions. Describe the
transformations that occurred. State the domain and range. State the equations of
asymptotes, if any, and state any invariant points.

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2) Reflection in the y–axis or Horizontal Reflection: The graph of g(x) = f(‐x)

Examples: Graph the following functions along with their base function. Describe the
transformations that occurred. State the domain and range and equations of
asymptotes, if any.

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Combine Reflections and Translations

Examples: For the following graphs, describe the transformations of f(x). Write the

equations of the transformed functions

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Examples: Graph the following functions along with their parent functions. Describe the
transformations that occurred. State the domain and range of the transformed
functions and the equations of the asymptotes, if any.

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STRETCHES OF FUNCTIONS

Stretches and compressions are transformations that cause functions to change

shape.
1) Vertical Stretch or Compression : The graph of the function g(x) = af(x), a › 0

Examples: Graph the following functions along with their parent functions.
Describe the transformations that occurred. State the domain and range of the
transformed functions and the equations of any asymptotes.

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2) Horizontal Stretch or Compression : The graph of the function g(x) = f(kx), k › 0

when |k| > 1, there is a HORIZONTAL COMPRESSION

by a factor of
when 0 < |k| < 1, there is a HORIZONTAL
STRETCH/EXPANSION by a factor of

Examples : Graph the following functions along with their parent functions.
Describe the transformations that occurred. State the domain and range of the
transformed functions and the equations of any asymptotes. State any
invariant points.

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COMBINING TRANSFORMATIONS OF FUNCTIONS

* To perform combinations of transformations, note….
Stretches, compressions and reflections can be performed in any order as long as
they are performed before translations.
The function must be written in the form y = af [k(x − d)]+ c to identify the specific
transformations.

Examples: Graph the following pairs of functions on the same grid. Describe the
transformations that occured. State the domain and range of each transformed
function and the equations of any asymptotes.

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