y

1
3

𝑤
𝑎 R
At the top At the bottom 25m
𝑣1 = 0 𝑣2 =? 2
𝑦1 = 𝐻 = 25 𝑚 𝑦2 = 0 𝑦=0
𝐾1 = 0 1 𝑃𝐸𝑔 = 0
𝐾2 = 𝑚𝑣22
2
𝑃𝐸𝑔1 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦1 𝑃𝐸𝑔2 = 0 The limit of contact when the normal reaction reaches zero.
𝑛=0
Since the roller coaster is frictionless Δ𝐸𝑚 = 0

𝐾1 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔1 = 𝐾2 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔2 𝑣32

The track is circular the radial acceleration 𝑎𝑟 = 𝑅
1 𝑤 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑚𝑣22 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦1 = 𝑚𝑔𝐻 𝑣32
2 −𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚 −
𝑣22 = 2𝑔𝐻 = 500𝑚2 /𝑠 2 𝑅
𝑣32 = 𝑔𝑅
 y
1
𝑣3

𝑤
𝑎 R
At the top At the bottom Top of the loop 25m
𝑣1 = 0 𝑣2 =? 𝑣32 = 𝑔𝑅 2
𝑦1 = 25 𝑚 𝑦2 = 0 𝑦3 = 2𝑅 𝑦=0
𝐾1 = 0 1 1 𝑃𝐸𝑔 = 0
𝐾2 = 𝑚𝑣22 𝐾3 = 𝑚𝑣32 At the top of the loop
2 2
𝑃𝐸𝑔1 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦1 𝑃𝐸𝑔2 = 0 𝑃𝐸𝑔3 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦3 𝑣32 = 𝑔𝑅

Conservation of energy from 2 to 3

𝐾3 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔3 = 𝐾2 If R is larger than 10 m the carte will fall down.
1 1 Since if R is large v_3 will be smaller thus less then the a_r
𝑚𝑣32 + 𝑚𝑔𝑦3 = 𝑚𝑣22
2 2
0.5 𝑔𝑅 + 2𝑔𝑅 = 0.5 2𝑔𝐻
𝑦1 25
𝑅= = = 10𝑚
2.5 2.5
 1Cal=1kcal=1000 cal=4200J

Total energy per day = 8.4 𝑀𝐽 = 8.4 ∗ 106 𝐽

𝐷 = 8 𝑘𝑚
Rate 4 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 /𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘
𝑃 = 450𝑊
12𝑘𝑚
𝑣=
ℎ
Energy spend on run per day

D 8km
Per run energy spend = 𝑃 ∗ Δ𝑇 = 𝑃 ∗ v = 450W ∗ 12km = 300Wh = 300W ∗ 3600s = 10.8 ∗ 105 J
h
Energy spend per week=energy spend per run *4= 43.2 ∗ 105 𝐽
Energy per day = energy per week /7 = 6.2 ∗ 105 𝐽 = 0.62𝑀𝐽
 45 cm

𝐸𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 100𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 100 ∗ 4200𝐽 = 4.2 ∗ 105 𝐽

𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 20% ∗ 𝐸𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 8.4 ∗ 104 𝐽

Work for raising the weight once 𝑊𝑒𝑥𝑡 = Δ𝑃𝐸𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 20 ∗ 0.45 = 9𝐽

𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 𝑊𝑒𝑥𝑡 ∗ 𝑁
84000𝐽
𝑁= = 9333𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
9𝐽
 1.75m

If friction and drag are ignored then mechanical energy is 𝑦=0

conserved since weight and the force of the spring are D=?
conservative force.

Before the drop At max compression

𝑦1 = 𝐻 = 1.75𝑚 𝑦2 = −𝐷
𝑣1 = 0 𝑣2 = 0 𝐾1 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔1 + 𝑃𝐸𝑒1 = 𝐾2 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔2 + 𝑃𝐸𝑒2
1 2
𝐾1 = 0 𝐾2 = 0 𝑚𝑔𝐻 + 0 = −𝑚𝑔𝐷 + 𝑘𝐷
2
𝑃𝐸𝑔1 = 𝑚𝑔𝐻 𝑃𝐸𝑔2 = −𝑚𝑔𝐷 2
670𝐷 − 72.7𝐷 − 127.225 = 0
𝑃𝐸𝑒1 = 0 1 2
𝑃𝐸𝑒2 = 𝑘𝐷 𝐷 = 0.49𝑚
2
Reject the negative solution.
 D

R 15.9 m/s
𝑦𝑓 = 𝑅 + 𝐷

𝑦=0

Initial Final Friction is negligible

𝑣𝑖 = 15.9𝑚/𝑠 𝑣𝑓 = 0 Mechanical energy is conserved
𝐾𝑖 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑖 = 𝐾𝑓 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑓
1 𝐾𝑓 = 0 1
𝐾𝑖 = 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑚𝑣𝑖2 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑅 + 𝐷
2 2
𝑦𝑖 = 0 𝑦𝑓 = 𝑅 + 𝐷 𝑣𝑖2
𝐷= −𝑅
𝑃𝐸𝑔 = 0 𝑃𝐸𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦𝑓 2𝑔
= 𝑚𝑔(𝑅 + 𝐷)
 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = Δ𝐾
1
𝑊𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 = Δ𝐾 = 0 + 𝑚𝑣𝑓2
2
𝑣𝑓 =?
𝑊𝑒𝑛𝑔 = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑔 ∗ Δ𝑡 ∗ 40%
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑔 = 280ℎ𝑝 = 280 ∗ 746𝑊
𝑣𝑓 = (2𝑊𝑒𝑛𝑔 /𝑚)
 𝑤
11.8m 𝐹𝑠

𝑦=0
While it is falling the car has a constant acceleration = 𝑔
D=?
When we hit the ground or the spring the car stops relatively 𝑎
quickly producing a high upward acceleration
To min shock the 𝑎𝑦𝑚 = +4𝑔
The acceleration occurs when the force of the spring is max that is 𝑤
at max compression.

Newton’s law at max compression

1
𝐹𝑠 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑚 𝑚𝑔𝐻 = −𝑚𝑔𝐷 + 𝑘𝐷𝐷
2
+𝑘𝐷 = 𝑚 𝑔 + 𝑎𝑦𝑚 = 5mg 𝑚𝑔𝐻 = −𝑚𝑔𝐷 + 0.5 5𝑚𝑔 𝐷
𝐻 = 1.5𝐷
Mechanical energy is conserved 𝐻
𝐾𝑖 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑖 + 𝑃𝐸𝑒𝑖 = 𝐾𝑓 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑓 + 𝑃𝐸𝑒𝑓 𝐷=
1.5
𝐾𝑖 = 𝐾𝑓 = 0 5𝑚𝑔
𝑘=
1 2 𝐷
𝑚𝑔𝐻 + 0 = −𝑚𝑔𝐷 + 𝑘𝐷
2
 L
𝑇 D
i
H 𝑦=0

𝑊𝑒𝑥𝑡 = Δ𝐸𝑚 = Δ𝐾 + Δ𝑃𝐸 𝑤 f

𝑊𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑊𝑇 = 0
The ball is moving on the arc and the tension is radial thus 𝐻 =𝐿−𝐷
always perpendicular to direction of motion. 𝐷 = 𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝐻 = 𝐿(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
Initial Final
V_i=0 𝑣𝑓 =? Mechanical energy is conserved
𝐾𝑖 = 0 1 𝐾𝑖 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑖 = 𝐾𝑓 + 𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑓
𝐾𝑓 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓2 1
2 𝑚𝑔𝐿 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓2
𝑦𝑖 = 𝐿(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑦𝑓 = 0 2
𝑣𝑓 = 2𝑔𝐿 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑃𝐸𝑖 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦𝑖
 𝐸𝑃𝑒𝑖 + 𝐾𝑖 = 𝐾1 + 𝐸𝑝𝑒1
1 2 1
𝑘𝑥𝑖 + 0 = 𝑚𝑣12 + 0
2 2
𝑘𝑥𝑖2
𝑣1 =
𝑚
𝑣1 is along the x-axis
𝑣1𝑥 = 𝑣1
𝑣1𝑦 = 0
After it leaves the table the pellet moves under
gravitational acceleration alone
The spring compressed Spring relaxed and 𝑎𝑦 = −𝑔
pellet released 𝑎𝑥 = 0
1 2
𝑥𝑖 = −5𝑐𝑚 𝑥1 = 0 Δ𝑦 = − 𝑔𝑡
2
𝑣𝑖 = 0 𝑣1 =? Δ𝑥 = 𝑣1 𝑡
When we reach the ground
Δ𝑦 = −1.2 𝑚
2
2Δ𝑦
𝑡 =−
𝑔
A box is dragged by an rope attached to an engine on a horizontal floor that has a coefficient of
kinetic friction of 0.3.
If the max power of the engine is 2hp. What is the max speed that we could move the box
(assumed constant)? Mass of the box 100 kg
If the speed is constant
Δ𝐾 = 0 𝑛
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0
𝑊𝑔 + 𝑊𝑛 + 𝑊𝑇 + 𝑊𝑓𝑘 = 0
𝑊𝑔 = 𝑊𝑛 = 0 𝑓𝑘 𝑇 engine
Since weight and normal are perpendicular to direction of motion

𝑊𝑇 = 𝑊𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑊𝑒𝑛𝑔 + 𝑊𝑓𝑘 = 0 𝑤
𝑊 = 𝑃 ∗ Δ𝑡
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑔 + 𝑃𝑓𝑘 = 0

𝑃𝑓𝑘 = 𝑣𝑥 −𝑓𝑘
𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑛 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑔 = 2ℎ𝑝 = 2 ∗ 746
1492 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔𝑣𝑥
1482
𝑣𝑥 = = 5𝑚/𝑠
0.3 ∗ 100 ∗ 9.8