A- Conceptual Questions: (5 pts each)

1- A person ties a rock to a string and whirls it around in a vertical circle

such that sometimes the rock is going straight upward and sometimes
the rock is going straight down. She whirls the rock at the minimum
speed (constant in time) such that the string is always taut (no sag). At
what point is the tension the highest and the lowest? Explain.

At point C the tension is highest because it is vertical up and has to cancel

the weight and provide the radial acceleration needed to keep the ball in circle.

2- A pendulum of a clock swings back and forth. Does the force of gravity do positive work on the
pendulum at any point in its trajectory? If so, where? What about work done by tension?

Gravity does positive work when the pendulum is swinging back down. Tension does zero work
since it is always perpendicular to the trajectory.

3- A truck engine has max power of 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 , explain with equations why the truck has a limited speed
going uphill.

𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝑷𝒈 = 𝒎𝒈𝒗

Since 𝒎 is high then v is low.

4- When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the bottom of a pool?
Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions hence the pressure at the bottom will increase
in the same amount

5- What would be the direction on force exerted on the roof of a house during a hurricane? Explain the
origin of such force.
The force comes from the difference in pressure inside and outside hence it is perpendicular to
the roof outward.

B- Multiple Choices Questions: (4 pts each)

1- The engine of a 1250 kg car provides a forward directed force of 3651 N. If the car accelerates at a
rate of 2.60 m/s2, what is the total resistive force (wind resistance, friction, etc.) acting on the car?
A. 401 N D. 485 N
B. 8600 N E. 304 N
C. 2400 N
Answer: A

2- A 6.0 kg box slides down an inclined plane that makes an angle of 39° with the horizontal. If the
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.19, at what rate does the box accelerate down the slope? (Use g =
9.8 m/s2.)
A. 4.7 m/s2 D. 6.2 m/s2
B. 5.2 m/s2 E. 3.3 m/s2
C. 5.5 m/s2
Answer: A
3- A ball of mass 8.0 kg is suspended by two wires from a horizontal arm, which is attached to a
vertical shaft, as shown in the figure. The shaft is in uniform rotation about its axis such that the
linear speed of the ball equals 2.3 m/s. The tension in wire 1 is closest to:

A. 39 N
B. 49 N
C. 29 N
D. 20 N
E. 9.8 N
Answer: A

4- A woman is straining to lift a large crate, without success. It is too heavy. We denote the forces on
the crate as follows: P is the upward force being exerted on the crate
by the person, C is the contact force on the crate by the floor, and W
is the weight of the crate. How are the magnitudes of these forces
related, while the person is trying unsuccessfully to lift the crate?
A. P + C = W
B. P + C < W
C. P + C > W
D. P = C
E. None of the above

Answer: A

5- A 0.5-kg block slides along a horizontal frictionless surface at 2m/s. It is brought to rest by
compressing a very long spring of spring constant 800N/m. The maximum spring compression is:
A. 0 D. 80 cm
B. 3 cm E. 80m
C. 5 cm
ans: D

6- Three identical blocks move either on a horizontal surface, up a plane, or down a plane, as shown
below. They start with different speeds and continue to move until brought to rest by friction. They
all move the same distance. Rank the three situations according to the initial speeds, least to greatest.

A. All cases
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 1, then 2 and 3 tie
D. 3, 1, 2
E. 2, 1, 3

ans: D
 7- The density of water is 1.0𝑔/𝑐𝑚3. The density of the oil in the left
column of the U-tube shown below is:
A. 0.20 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
B. 0.80 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
C. 1.0𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
D. 1.3𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
E. 5.0𝑔/𝑐𝑚3

ans: B

8- A rock, which weighs 1400N in air, has an apparent weight of 900N when submerged in fresh water
(998 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ). The density of the rock in 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 is :
A. 920
B. 3400 D. 2800
C. 1200 E. 450

ans: D

9- A constriction in a pipe reduces its diameter from 4.0 cm to 2.0 cm. Where the pipe is narrow the
water speed is 8.0m/s. Where it is wide the water speed is:
A. 2.0m/s D. 16m/s
B. 4.0m/s E. 32m/s
C. 8.0m/s
ans: C

10- A large water tank, open at the top, has a small hole in the bottom. When the water level is 30m
above the bottom of the tank, the speed of the water leaking from the hole:
A. is 2.5m/s
B. is 24m/s
C. is 44m/s
D. cannot be calculated unless the area of the hole is given
E. cannot be calculated unless the areas of the hole and tank are give

ans: B

C- Analytical Questions: (35 pts)

1- (10 pts) You are trying to pull a 173 kg carte across the floor with a rope. The coefficient of static
friction between the floor and carte is 0.57. The force that you exert on the carte by the rope has
magnitude 900N. If this force is directed horizontally:
a) Draw a force diagram showing all the forces on the carte.
b) What is the max possible friction
c) Does the carte move?
d) If you redirect the rope to make an angle 𝜃 above with the horizontal, draw the force diagram
and write Newton’s Law.
e) At what angle does the carte start to move? (Note use the small angle approximation sin 𝜃 =
𝜃 and 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1)
Answer

b) 𝑛 = 𝑤 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑓𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑛
c) the carte doesn’t move since the max friction is larger than the magnitude of 𝑇

𝑓𝑟 = 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑓𝑟
𝑛 + 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑤 = + 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔
𝜇𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑇( + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) = 𝑚𝑔
𝜇𝑠
𝑚𝑔 1
𝜃= −
𝑇 𝜇𝑆
Small angle approximation

2- (10 pts) A light spring with a spring constant of 90.0 N/m rests vertically
on a table, as shown in (a) below. A 2.00 g balloon is filled with helium to
a volume of 5.00 𝑚3 and connected to the spring, causing the spring to
stretch, as shown in (b) at right.
a) What are the forces on the balloon?
b) What is the mas of helium inside the balloon?
c) What is the buoyant force exerted on the balloon?
d) How much does the spring stretch when the system is in
equilibrium?
Density of helium is 0.28 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 and density of air is 1.18 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

Answers:

a) Forces on the balloon: weight of balloon

Weight of helium
Buoyant force due to air
Tension

b) 𝑚𝐻𝑒 = 𝑉𝐵 ∗ 𝜌𝐻𝑒 = 5 ∗ 0.28 = 1.4𝑘𝑔

c) 𝐵 = 𝑉𝐵 ∗ 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 ∗ 𝑔=59N
d) 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝑤𝐵 − 𝑤𝐻𝑒 ) = 45𝑁
𝑇
Δ𝑦 = 𝑘 = 0.5𝑚

3- (7 pts) Oil flowing through a pipeline passes point A at 1.55 m/s with pressure 180 kPa. At point B,
the pipe is 7.50 m higher in elevation and the flow speed is 1.75 m/s. Find the pressure at B.

1 1
𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃𝐴 = − 𝜌𝑤 𝑣𝐵2 + 𝜌𝑤 𝑣𝐴2 − 𝜌𝑔Δ𝑦
2 2
𝑃𝐵 = 180 ∗ 103 + 500(−1.752 + 1.552 ) − 75 ∗ 103 = 104𝑘𝑃𝑎

4- (8 pts) The aorta is the main artery from the heart. A typical aorta has an inside diameter of 1.8 cm
and carries blood at a speed of 35 cm/s. a plaque reduces the diameter by 50 %.
a) What is the speed of the blood at the plaque?
b) The pressure of the healthy aorta is 120 mm Hg. What’s the pressure at the site of the plaque
buildup?
(1𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 = 136 𝑃𝑎)

Missing information