MATHEMATICS

F.Sc / ICS – Ist Year

Question Bank

Chapter 1
Exercise 1.1
Short Questions
1. Does the set 1, 1 possess closure property with respect to addition and multiplication?
a c
2. Prove that   ad  bc
b d
a ka
3. Prove that  , (k  0)
b kb
4. Define additive inverse and additive identity property of real numbers.
5. Name the properties used in equations 100  0  100, 1000 1  1000
6. State trichotomy property of real numbers.
7. Prove that √ is an irrational number.
a b ab
8. Prove the rule of addition  
c c c
a c

9. Simplify b d by justifying each step.
a c

b d
Exercise 1.2
Short Questions
21
1. Simplify  1 2
2. Simplify (5,  4)(3,  2) and write the answer as a complex number.
3. Simplify (2, 6)  (3, 7) and write the answer as a complex number.
4. Find the multiplicative inverse of (i) (4, 7) (ii)  2,  5  (iii) 1  2i (iv) a  bi
5. Factorize (i) a2  4b2 (ii) 9a2  16b2 (iii) 3x2  3 y 2
 2  3i 
2
i
6. Separate into real and imaginary parts of (i) (ii)
1 i 1 i
Exercise 1.3
Short Questions
1. If z1 and z2 are complex numbers, then show that z1  z2  z1  z2
2. Prove that z1 , z2  C z1 z2  z1 z2
3. z1 , z2  C prove that z1 z2  z1 z2
z  C prove that z z  z
2
4.
5. Find the modulus of complex number 1  i 3
6. Express the complex number 1  i 3 in polar form.
7. State the De Moiver’s theorem.
 
3
8. Find the real and imaginary parts of 3i

9. Prove that z  z iff z ir real.

 (ii)  z  z  is a real number.
2 2
10. Show that z  C (i) z 2  z is a real number.
3
 1 3 
(ii)  a  bi 
2
11. Simplify (i)    i 
 2 2 

Chapter 2
Exercise 2.1
Short Questions
1. Define power set of a set and give one example.
2. Differentiate between equal and equivalent sets with example.
3. Write the descriptive and tabular form of
(i)  x x  N  4  x  12 (ii)  x x  E  4  x  10 (iii)  x x  P  x  12
4. What is difference between a, b and a, b ?
5. Write down two proper subsets of 0, 1
6. Write the power set of a,b, c
7. If B  1,2,3 , then find the power set of B i.e., P( B)
8. Write the power set of , , , 
Exercise 2.2
Short Questions
1. Exhibit A  B and B  A by Venn diagram, when
(i) A and B are overlapping sets. (ii) A and B are disjoint sets. (iii) A  B
2. Show A  B and B  A by Venn diagram, when
(i) A and B are overlapping sets. (ii) A and B are disjoint sets. (iii) A  B (iv) B  A
3. Use Venn diagram, verify that A  B  A  B
Exercise 2.3
Short Questions
1. Verify commutative property of union and intersection for sets A  1,2,3,4,5 , B  4,6,8,10
2. Let U = The set of the English alphabet
A   x x is a vowel , B   y y is a consonant
Verify De Morgan’s Laws for these sets.
3. From suitable properties of union and intersection deduce A  ( A  B)  A  ( A  B)
Exercise 2.4
Short Questions
1. Define disjunction.
2. Define Aristotelian logic.
3. Define tautology and absurdity.
4. Write the converse, inverse and contrapositive of p  q
5. Construct the truth table for the statement  p  q    p q 
6. Construct truth table and show that the statement  p  q   p is a tautology or not.
7. Show that the statement p   p  q  is tautology.
8. Show that the statement q   p  q   p is tautology.
9. Construct truth table of  p  p    p  q 
10. Construct truth table of  p p   q
11. Prove that p   p q    p  q   p   p q 
 Exercise 2.5
Short Questions
1. Just, convert  A  B   A  B and  A  B   A  B into logical form.
2. Convert the theorem A  ( B  C)  ( A  B)  ( A  C) to logical form.
Exercise 2.6
Short Questions
1. Define bijective function.
2. For the set A  1,2,3,4 , find the relations in A. State the domain and range of each relation.
(i)  x, y  y  x  5 (ii)  x, y  y  x  5 (ii)  x, y  y  x  5
3. Find the inverse of each of the following relations. Tell whether each relation and its inverse is a
function or not:
(i) (1,3),(2,5),(3,7),(4,9),(5,11) (ii) ( x, y ) y 2  4ax, x  0
Exercise 2.7
Short Question
Give the table for addition of elements of residue classes of modulo 4.
Exercise 2.8
Short Questions
1. Define Semi group.
2. Define Monoid.
3. Define a Group.
4. Define unary and binary operations.
5. Prove that the identity element e in a group is unique.
6. Prove that inverse of each element in a group is unique.
7. Show that whether set of rational numbers is a group under multiplication.
8. Show that set of natural numbers is a monoid under multiplication.
If a, b are elements of a group G , then show that  ab   b 1a 1
1
9.
10. If a, b are elements of a group G , solve ax  b

Chapter 3
Exercise 3.1
Short Questions
1. Define diagonal matrix and give one example.
2. Define scalar matrix and give one example.
i 0 
3. If A    , show that A  I 2
4

1  i 
4. Find x and y if
x  3 1   2 1
(i)  3 3 y  4    3 2 
   
 x  3 1   y 1 
(ii)  3 3 y  4    3 2 x 
   
2 0 x   1 x y   4 2 3
5. Find x and y if    2  
1 y 3  0 2 1  1 6 1 
1 2 0 0
6. If A    and A2    , find the values of a and b .
a b  0 0
  1 1 1 0 
7. If A    and A2    , find the values of a and b .
a b  0 1 
 5 2 2 1 
8. Find the matrix X if   X  
 2 1   5 10 
Exercise 3.2
Short Questions
 2 1 3 0 
1. If A   1 0 4 2  , then find (At )t .
 3 5 2 1
 3 1  2i i 
2. Find the inverses of (i)   (ii)  
2 1   i i 
3. Solve the equations 2 x1  3x2  5, 5x1  x2  4
4. If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then explain why in general
( A  B)2  A2  2 AB  B2
 2 3 2   2 3 1 
5. Solve the matrix for X , 3X  2A = B if A    and B   
 1 1 5   5 4 1
 1 1 2  3 1 0 
6. Solve the matrix for X , 2 X  3 A  B if A =   and B =  
 2 4 5  4 2 1
Exercise 3.3
Short Questions
1. Define cofactor of an element of matrix.
2. If all the entries of a column of a square matrix A are zero, then show that A  0
3. Write any two properties of determinant.
2a a a
4. Evaluate b 2b b
c c 2c
2 3 1 1 2 3
5. Without expansion show that (i) 1 1 0 0 (ii) 4 5 6 0
2 3 5 7 8 9
6. Without expansion verify that
a
1 a2
bc
   1 1 2 3x
b
(i)    1  0 (ii) 2 3 6x  0 (iii) 1 b2 0
ca
   1 3 5 9x
c
1 c2
ab
bc ca ab
2a 2b 2c
1 1 1
(iv) 0 (v) a  b 2b b  c  0
a b c
a  c b  c 2c
a b c
 1 2 3
7. If A   0 2 0  , then find A12, A22 .
 2 2 1 
 3 1 x 1 2 1
8. Find the values of x if (i) 1 3 4  30 (ii) 2 x 2  0
x 1 0 3 6 x
 3 2 1
9. Find AAt if A   
2 1 3 
4  3
10. Find the value of λ if A = 7 3 6  is singular matrix.
 2 3 1 
 2 1
11. If A    , verify that ( A1 )t  ( At ) 1
3 1 
(ii)  A1   A
1
(i)  AB   B 1 A1
1
12. If A and B are non-singular matrices, then show that
Long Questions
a a a
1. Show that a a a  2
(3a  )
a a a
bc a a
2. Show that b ca b  4abc
c c ab
a bc a b
3. Show that b c  a b  c  a 3  b3  c3  3abc
c ab ca
b  c a a2
4. Show that c  a b b 2  (a  b  c)(a  b)(b  c)(c  a )
a  b c c2
1 2 3
5. If A   0 2 0  , then find A12 , A22 , A32 and A .

 2 2 1 
x 1 1 1
1 x 1 1
6. Show that  ( x  3)( x  1)3
1 1 x 1
1 1 1 x
2 1 0
 
7. Find A1 if A  1 1 0 
 2 3 5 
Exercise 3.4
Short Questions
1. Define upper triangular matrix and give one example.
2. Define rank of a matrix.
3. Define skew-symmetric matrix.
4. Define hermitian matrix.
5. If the matrices A and B are symmetric and AB  BA, show that AB is symmetric.
 i 1  i 
6. If A =   , show that
1 i 
 
t
(i) A  A is hermitian. (ii) A  ( A)t is skew-hermitian.
7. If A is symmetric or skew-symmetric, Show that A2 is symmetric.
 1 
8. If A  1  i  , find A( A)t .
 i 
Exercise 3.5
Short Question
1. Find the value of  for which the system of homogenous equations x1  4 x2  x3  0,
2 x1  x2  3x3  0, 3x1  x2  4 x3  0 has a non-trivial solution.
Long Questions
1. Solve by Cramer’s rule 2 x  2 y  z  3, 3x  2 y  2 z  1, 5x  y  3z  2
2. Solve the system of linear equations 2 x1  x2  x3  8, x1  2 x2  2 x3  6, x1  2 x2  x3  1 by
Cramer’s rule.
3. Use matrices to solve the system x  2 y  z  1, 3x  y  2z  4, y  z  1
4. Use matrices to solve the system of linear equations x  y  2, 2 x  z  1, 2 y  3z  1

Chapter 4
Exercise 4.1
Short Questions
1. Solve the equation x2  7 x  10  0 by factorization.
2. Solve the equation x( x  7)  (2 x 1)( x  4) by factorization.
a b 1 1
3. Solve the equation   a  b; x  ,
ax  1 bx  1 a b
4. Solve the equation x  4 x 1085  0 by using the completing square.
2

5. Solve the equation 15x2  2ax  a2  0 by using the quadratic formula.

Exercise 4.2
Short Questions
1. Define reciprocal equation.
2. Define an exponential equation.
3. Solve the equation x4  6 x2  8  0
1 1
4. Solve the equation x  x  6  0
2 4

5. Solve the equation x2  10  3x1

2 1
6. Solve the equation x 5  8  6 x 5
7. Reduce 2 x4  3x3  x2  3x  2  0 into quadratic equation.
2 1
8. Reduce the equation x 3  8  6 x 3 into quadratic form.
Long Questions
1 x 1 x
1. Solve the equation: 4  4  10
2. Solve the equation: ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)( x  4)  24
3. Solve 32 x1  12.3x  81  0
4. Solve the equation: x4  3x3  4x2  3x  1  0
 2
 1  1
5. Solve the equation:  x    3 x    0
 x  x
Exercise 4.3
Short Question
Define radical equation.
Long Questions
1. Solve the equation: x  7  x  2  6 x  13
2. Solve the equation: ( x  4)( x  1)  x 2  2 x  15  3x  31
3. Solve the equation: 3 x 2  2 x  9  3 x 2  2 x  4  13
Exercise 4.4
Short Questions
1. Show that sum of cube roots of unity is zero.
2. prove that product of all the three cube roots of unity is one.

3. Find the three cube roots of 1,  8,  27

4. Prove that  28   29  1  0 where  3  1
5. Evaluate (1   2 )(1   2 )
9 9
 1  3   1  3 
6. Evaluate       2
 2   2 
    1  
4 4
7. prove that 1  3 3  16
8. Show that x3  y3  ( x  y)( x   y)( x   2 y)
9. Find the four fourth roots of 625, 81
10. Find the equation whose roots are 2 and 2 2 where  is a cube root of unity.
11. Solve the equation x3  x2  x  1  0
Exercise 4.5
Short Questions
1. State the remainder and factor theorem.
2. Show that ( x  2) is a factor of x4  13x2  36.
3. Using factor theorem to show that x  a is a factor of xn  an where n is a positive integer.
4. When the polynomial x3  2x2  kx  4 is divided by x  2, the remainder is 14. Find the value of
k.
5. Use synthetic division to show that x  2, x  3 are the roots of 2 x4  7 x3  4 x2  27 x 18.
Long Questions
1. When x4  2 x3  kx2  3 is divided by x  2, the remainder is 1. Find the value of k .
2. Use synthetic division to show that x  2 is a root of x3  7 x  6. Find its other two roots also.
3. Use synthetic division to find the values of p and q if x  1 and x  2 are the factors of the
polynomial x3  px2  qx  6.
4. Find the values of a and b if 2 and 2 are the roots of the polynomial x3  4x2  ax  b.
Exercise 4.6
Short Questions
1. If ,  are the roots of 3x2  2 x  4  0, find the value of 2 2 .
2. If ,  are the roots of ax2  bx  c  0, a  0 find the value of (i) 2  2 (ii)( )2
 3. If ,  are the roots of x2  px  p  c  0, prove that (1  )(1  )  1  c.
4. Find the condition that one root of x2  px  q  0 is multiplicative inverse of the other.
5. Find the condition that one root of x2  px  q  0 is additive inverse of the other.

6. If the roots of the equation x2  px  q  0 differ by unity, prove that p2  4q  1

Long Questions
  q
1. If ,  are the roots of the equation px 2  qx  q  0, then prove that   0
  p
2. If ,  are the roots of the equation ax2  bx  c  0, a  0, from the equation whose roots are
1 1
 ,  .
 
3 3
3. If ,  are the roots of 5x2  x  2  0, from the equation whose roots are and .
 
1  1 
4. If ,  are the roots of x2  3x  5  0, from the equation whose roots are and .
1  1 
Exercise 4.7
Short Questions
1. Discuss the nature of roots of the equations (i) 25x2  30 x  9  0 (ii) 2 x2  5x  1  0
 1
2. Show that the roots of the equation x 2  2  m   x  3  0, m  0 are real.
 m
3. Show that the roots of the equation (b  c) x2  (c  a) x  (a  b)  0, a, b, c  Q will be real.
4. Show that the roots of the equation px2  ( p  q) x  q  0 are rational.
5. For what values of m will the following equations have equal roots?
(i) (m  1) x2  2(m  3) x  2m  3  0, m  1
(ii) (1  m) x2  2(1  3m) x  (1  8m)  0, m  1
Long Questions
1. Show that the roots of x  (mx  c)  a2 will be equal, if c2  a2 (1  m2 )
2 2

a
2. Show that the roots of (mx  c)2  4ax will be equal, if c  , m  0
m
x (mx  c)
2 2
3. Prove that 2  2
 1 will have equal roots, if c2  a2 m2  b2 , a  0, b  0
a b
4. Show that the roots of the equation (a2  bc) x2  2(b2  ca) x  c2  ab  0 will be equal,
if either a3  b3  c3  3abc or b  0.
Exercise 4.8
Short Questions
1. 1. Solve the system of equations x  y  5 and x2  2 y 2  17
2. Solve the system of equations ( x  3)2  y 2  5, 2x  y  6
Long Questions
2 3
1. Solve the system of equations x  y  5,   2, x  0, y  0
x y
2. Solve the system of equations x2  ( y  1)2  18, ( x  2)2  y 2  21
 Exercise 4.9
Long Questions
1. Solve the system of equations 8x2  y 2 , x2  2 y 2  19

2. Solve the system of equations 12 x2  25xy  12 y 2  0, 4x2  7 y 2  148

3. Solve the system of equations 12 x2 11xy  2 y 2  0, 2 x2  7 xy  60

Exercise 4.10
Short Questions
1. The sum of a positive number and its square is 380. Find the number.
26
2. The sum of a positive number and its reciprocal is . Find the number.
5
3. A number exceeds its square root by 56. Find the number.
4. Find two consecutive numbers whose product is 132.
Chapter 5
Exercise 5.1
Short Questions
6. Define partial fraction.
7. Define an identity.
8. Define proper rational fraction.
9. Define Improper rational fraction.
10. Define conditional equation.
x 2  10 x  13 A B C
11. If    , find the value of A.
( x  1)( x  5 x  6) x  1 x  2 x  3
2

7 x  25
12. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  3)( x  4)
x A B C
13. If    , find the value of B.
( x  a)( x  b)( x  c) x  a x  b x  c
1
14. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  1)(2 x  1)
1 A B C
10. If    , find the value of B.
(1  ax)(1  bx)(1  cx) 1  ax 1  bx 1  cx
Exercise 5.2
Short Question
2x 1
1. Resolve into partial fractions without finding the values of unknown
( x  3)( x  1)( x  2) 2
constants.
Long Questions
5x  2 x  3
2
1. Resolve into partial fractions.
 x  2
3

1
2. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  3) 2 ( x  1)
x 1
3. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  2)( x  1)3
 4 x3
4. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x 2  1)( x  1) 2
Exercise 5.3
Short Question
1
1. Resolve into partial fractions without finding the values of unknown constants.
( x  1) ( x 2  2)
2

Long Questions
9x  7
1. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  1)( x  3)
2

x 2  15
2. Resolve 2 into partial fractions.
( x  2 x  5)( x  1)
x2  1
3. Resolve 3 into partial fractions.
x 1
x4
4. Resolve into partial fractions.
1  x4
x2  2 x  3
5. Resolve 4 into partial fractions.
x  x2  1
Exercise 5.4
Short Questions
8x2
1. Resolve 2 into partial fractions without finding the values of unknown constants.
( x  1)2 (1  x) 2
Long Questions
2
4x
1. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  1) 2 ( x  1)
2

2x  5
2. Resolve 2 into partial fractions.
( x  2) 2 ( x  2)