A MINI PROJECT REPORT

On

“ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM”

Submitted by,
Aditi Pashankar ( T190453005 )
Arya Kambale ( T190453075 )

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. Anup Dakre (Internal Guide)
(External Guide)

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
T.E.(ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION)
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
2023-2024

MARATHWADA MITRA MANDAL’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE-52

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled

“ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM”

Submitted by

Aditi Pashankar Exam No:-

Arya Kambale Exam No:-

is bonafide work carried out by them under the supervision of Prof. Anup Dakre and it is
approved for the partial fulfillment of requirement of Savitribai Phule Pune University for
award of the Degree of Second Year Engineering (Electronics and Telecommunication).

This project report has not been earlier submitted to any other Institute or University for
the award of any degree or diploma.

Prof.Anup Dakre Prof. Mr. Gopal Gawande Dr. V.N.Gohokar

Project guide Head of Department Principal
Department of E&TC Department of E&TC

External Examiner Name & Signature:

Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering

“Ability and ambition alone are not enough for success. Many able persons have failed to
achieve anything worthwhile because of lack of guidance and direction. Success of any
project depends greatly on the support, guidance and encouragement received from the
guide.” We have been fortunate to have more than one pillar of strength in our humble
effort to make this project successful.
It gives us great pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude to our college
project guide Prof Jitendra Bakliwal for her/his resourceful & able guidance which lead
to timely completion of this seminar report. It was really her insight and obsession for
innovative ideas that motivated us to consider our idea seriously.
We managed to learn quite a few things from her/him which will definitely help
us in the future. We sincerely thank her for this kind cooperation and extreme patience
that she has shown.
We are very thankful to Prof. Mr. Gopal Gawande, Head of Department for
providing all the necessary facilities and support.
We would also like to thank the entire teaching and non-teaching staff of E&TC
Department, who extended their kind cooperation. Last but not the least; we would like to
thank our family and friends for their constant support.

INDEX
M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering
TITLE Page. No.

ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 : PROBLEM STATEMENT 6

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 7

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM 12

CHAPTER 4: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 15

CHAPTER 5: SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 18

CHAPTER 6: RESULT AND OBSERVATIONS 21

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 23

CHAPTER 8: REFERENCES 25

COST ESTIMATION 26

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In the ever-evolving landscape of technological advancements, traditional methods of

attendance monitoring have become outdated and inefficient. However, with the
integration of cutting-edge solutions like Raspberry Pi and camera modules, a new era of
attendance management emerges. This introduction outlines the transformative potential
of employing such a system.

Traditional attendance systems, relying on paper registers or electronic swipe cards,

are prone to inaccuracies, time-consuming processes, and susceptibility to fraudulent
practices. However, the combination of Raspberry Pi's versatility and the camera
module's imaging capabilities presents an opportunity to overcome these challenges.

This introduction advocates for the adoption of an attendance monitoring system

powered by Raspberry Pi and camera modules, highlighting its potential to revolutionize
conventional practices in educational institutions, workplaces, and various organizational
settings.

The proposed system operates on the principle of facial recognition technology,

leveraging advanced algorithms to identify individuals accurately. Upon entering a
designated area, individuals' faces are scanned by the camera module, and the Raspberry
Pi processes this data in real-time, swiftly recording attendance information.

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering

 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The purpose of this project is to develop an attendance monitoring system using

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B for efficient and automated attendance management in
educational institutions.

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering

 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Background :

The background of an attendance monitoring system utilizing Raspberry Pi and camera

modules encompasses the convergence of technological innovation and the pressing need
for efficient, automated attendance tracking solutions. Here's an overview of the key
elements shaping this background:

Traditional Attendance Systems:

Traditional methods of attendance monitoring, such as manual paper registers or

electronic swipe cards, are prone to inefficiencies, errors, and potential
manipulation. These systems often require significant administrative effort and
lack real-time data capture capabilities.

Emergence of Raspberry Pi:

Raspberry Pi, introduced in 2012, revolutionized the landscape of affordable and

accessible computing. This credit card-sized single-board computer offers
impressive processing power, versatile connectivity options, and GPIO (General
Purpose Input/Output) pins for interfacing with external hardware components.

Advancements in Camera Technology:

Concurrently, advancements in camera technology, coupled with the proliferation of

affordable camera modules, have enabled high-resolution imaging capabilities in
compact form factors. These camera modules are increasingly used in diverse
applications, including surveillance, robotics, and computer vision projects.

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering

Demand for Automated Solutions:

With the digital transformation of various industries, there's a growing demand for
automated attendance tracking solutions that streamline processes, reduce
administrative burden, and ensure data accuracy. This demand is particularly
pronounced in educational institutions, workplaces, and event management
scenarios.

Facial Recognition Technology:

Facial recognition technology has gained prominence as a reliable biometric

authentication method. Leveraging advancements in machine learning and
computer vision algorithms, facial recognition systems can accurately identify
individuals based on facial features captured by cameras.

2.2 Present scenario :

As of the present scenario, attendance monitoring systems utilizing Raspberry Pi and

camera modules have gained significant traction across various sectors due to their
versatility, affordability, and effectiveness. Here's an overview of the current state of
these systems:

Adoption Across Industries: Attendance monitoring systems based on Raspberry Pi

and camera modules are being adopted across a wide range of industries,
including education, corporate environments, healthcare facilities, and event
management. This technology has proven particularly beneficial in scenarios
where traditional methods of attendance tracking are inefficient or impractical.
Facial Recognition Technology: Facial recognition technology remains a central
component of many attendance monitoring systems. Leveraging advanced
algorithms, these systems can accurately identify individuals based on facial
features captured by camera modules connected to Raspberry Pi devices. This
approach offers a seamless and non-intrusive way to track attendance in real-time.

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering

 Integration with Existing Infrastructure: Many organizations are integrating
Raspberry Pi-based attendance monitoring systems with their existing
infrastructure, such as student information systems or human resource
management platforms. This integration streamlines data management processes
and ensures consistency across different systems.
Customization and Scalability: One of the key advantages of Raspberry Pi-based
solutions is their customization and scalability. Organizations can tailor the
software to meet their specific requirements, add features such as access control
or attendance analytics, and scale the system as needed to accommodate changing
demands.
Open-Source Solutions: The availability of open-source software frameworks and
libraries has facilitated the development of attendance monitoring systems using
Raspberry Pi and camera modules. These frameworks provide developers with a
foundation for building robust and feature-rich solutions while fostering
collaboration and innovation within the community.

2.4 Advantages of Attendance Monitoring system:

The attendance monitoring system using Raspberry Pi and camera modules offers several
advantages over traditional methods of attendance tracking. Here are some key
advantages:

Accuracy: The system leverages facial recognition technology, which provides high
accuracy in identifying individuals. This minimizes errors associated with manual
data entry or paper-based systems, ensuring precise attendance records.
Automation: Raspberry Pi-based systems automate the attendance tracking process,
eliminating the need for manual registration or swiping cards. Individuals'
attendance is automatically recorded as they enter the designated area monitored
by the camera module, saving time and reducing administrative burden.
Real-time Monitoring: The system enables real-time monitoring of attendance,
allowing administrators to access up-to-date attendance data instantly. This

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering

 facilitates timely decision-making and intervention in cases of attendance
discrepancies or emergencies.
Cost-effectiveness: Raspberry Pi devices and camera modules are cost-effective
compared to traditional attendance tracking systems. The affordability of
hardware components, coupled with the availability of open-source software,
makes the system accessible to organizations with varying budget constraints.
Versatility: Raspberry Pi-based systems are versatile and can be customized to suit
different environments and requirements. Whether deployed in educational
institutions, corporate offices, or event venues, the system can be tailored to
integrate with existing infrastructure and adapt to specific needs.

2.5 Drawbacks of Attendance Monitoring system:

While attendance monitoring systems utilizing Raspberry Pi and camera modules offer
numerous benefits, they also come with certain drawbacks and challenges. Here are some
key drawbacks associated with these systems:

Accuracy Concerns: Facial recognition technology, while advanced, is not infallible.

Factors such as variations in lighting conditions, facial expressions, and
occlusions (e.g., wearing glasses or hats) can affect the accuracy of identification.
Inaccurate attendance records may result in disputes and undermine the reliability
of the system.
Privacy and Data Security Risks: Collecting and storing biometric data, such as
facial images, raises privacy and security concerns. Unauthorized access to this
data or breaches in data security could compromise individuals' privacy and lead
to potential legal liabilities for organizations. Compliance with data protection
regulations (e.g., GDPR) becomes paramount but can be challenging to
implement effectively.
Resource Intensiveness: Facial recognition algorithms require substantial
computational resources for real-time processing, particularly when deployed on
low-power devices like Raspberry Pi. This can lead to performance bottlenecks

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering Page

 and slow response times, especially in scenarios with a large number of users or
concurrent attendance checks.
Dependency on Hardware Reliability: The reliability of Raspberry Pi and camera
modules is critical for the smooth operation of attendance monitoring systems.
Hardware failures or malfunctions, whether due to technical issues or
environmental factors, can disrupt attendance tracking and require timely
troubleshooting or replacement.
Limited Scalability: While Raspberry Pi-based solutions are scalable to some extent,
scaling up to accommodate a significant increase in users or locations may pose
challenges. Additional hardware resources and infrastructure upgrades may be
required to maintain system performance and reliability as the deployment scale
grows.
Lack of Standardization: The absence of standardized protocols and interoperability
standards for attendance monitoring systems using Raspberry Pi and camera
modules can hinder seamless integration with existing infrastructure and software
platforms. This lack of standardization may result in compatibility issues and
increase the complexity of system implementation and maintenance.
Ethical Considerations: The use of facial recognition technology in attendance
monitoring raises ethical considerations regarding individual consent,
surveillance, and potential biases in algorithmic decision-making. Organizations
must navigate these ethical challenges responsibly to uphold principles of
fairness, transparency, and respect for individual rights.

CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 Block Diagram for Attendance Monitoring System :

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering Page

 Fig 3.1 : Block diagram for attendance monitoring system

3.2 Introduction :

Explanation of a basic block diagram for an attendance monitoring system using a

Raspberry Pi 4 and a camera module:

Raspberry Pi 4: The Raspberry Pi 4 serves as the central processing unit for the
system. It's a small, affordable single-board computer capable of running various
applications and interacting with peripherals. The Raspberry Pi 4 runs the
necessary software for capturing images, processing them, and managing the
attendance data.
Camera Module: The camera module is connected to the Raspberry Pi 4 via the CSI
(Camera Serial Interface) connector. It captures images of individuals to be used
for attendance monitoring. The camera module could be a Raspberry Pi Camera
Module or a compatible USB camera.
Image Capture: The camera captures images of individuals within its field of view.
These images are then sent to the Raspberry Pi 4 for further processing.

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 Image Processing: On receiving the images, the Raspberry Pi 4 processes them to
detect faces. This step involves using computer vision algorithms, such as Haar
cascades or deep learning-based models like Convolutional Neural Networks
(CNNs), to locate and identify faces within the captured images.
Face Recognition: Once faces are detected in the images, the system compares them
against a database of known faces to recognize individuals. This database could
be stored locally on the Raspberry Pi or accessed remotely via a network
connection.
Attendance Database: The attendance database stores information about individuals'
attendance records. When a recognized face is detected, the system updates the
database with the corresponding attendance information, including the time and
date of the attendance event.
User Interface: The system may have a user interface, which could be a web-based
dashboard or a command-line interface, allowing administrators to interact with
the system. Through the user interface, administrators can view attendance
reports, manage the database, and perform other administrative tasks.
Networking: The Raspberry Pi 4 may be connected to a network, either wired or
wireless, allowing it to communicate with other devices or services. This
networking capability enables remote access to the system, data transfer, and
integration with other systems or cloud services.
Power Supply: The Raspberry Pi 4 and the camera module require a power supply to
operate. This power can be provided via a USB power adapter connected to a
power outlet or a portable power source, such as a battery pack.

3.3 Features :
1. Real-time Monitoring
2. User Authentication
3. Database Integration
4. Attendance Reporting

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 5. Web Interface
6. Open Source and Extensibility

CHAPTER 4

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Hardware Requirements :

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⮚ Raspberry Pi :

Raspberry Pi can play several roles in an attendance monitoring system:

Data Collection: Raspberry Pi can be used to collect attendance data. It can interface
with various input devices such as RFID scanners, barcode scanners, biometric
sensors (like fingerprint or facial recognition), or even simple keypad entries to
record attendance.
Processing and Storage: Raspberry Pi can process the data collected from input
devices, validate it if necessary, and store it locally or transmit it to a centralized
server or database for further processing. It can run scripts or software to
manipulate the data as required.
Connectivity: Raspberry Pi can be connected to the internet or local network to
facilitate real-time or periodic synchronization of attendance data with a central
server. This allows for monitoring attendance remotely and enables features like
notifications or alerts for irregularities.
User Interface: Raspberry Pi can host a user interface that allows administrators to
manage the attendance system. This interface could include functionalities such as
adding or removing users, generating reports, setting up schedules, and
configuring system parameters.
Integration with other systems: Raspberry Pi can integrate with other systems such as
access control systems, student information systems, or HR systems to provide a
comprehensive solution for attendance management.
Customization and Expansion: Raspberry Pi's flexibility allows for customization and
expansion of the attendance monitoring system according to specific
requirements. Additional sensors, cameras, or communication modules can be
easily integrated with the Raspberry Pi to enhance functionality.

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⮚ Camera Module : The camera module plays a crucial role in an attendance

monitoring system, especially in systems that utilize facial recognition or image-

based identification methods. Here are some key roles and functions of the
camera module in such a system:
Image Capture: The camera module captures images of individuals within its field of
view. These images serve as the input data for attendance monitoring.
Facial Recognition: If the attendance monitoring system employs facial recognition
technology, the camera captures facial images of individuals, which are then
processed by the system to identify unique facial features and match them against
a database of known individuals.
Biometric Identification: In systems using biometric identification, the camera
captures images of unique biometric characteristics, such as fingerprints or iris
patterns, to verify the identity of individuals.
Real-time Monitoring: The camera module provides real-time monitoring of
attendance, allowing for immediate identification of individuals as they enter or
exit a location.

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 CHAPTER 5

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 Software Implementation

1)Raspbian OS installed on the Raspberry Pi

Operating System: Install a compatible operating system on the Raspberry Pi. Raspbian, a
Debian-based Linux distribution optimized for Raspberry Pi, is commonly used.
2) Python programming language
Python Libraries: Install necessary Python libraries for camera interfacing, image
processing, and face recognition. Libraries like OpenCV and face_recognition are
popular choices.
3) OpenCV library for image processing
Database: Set up a database to store attendance records. SQLite, MySQL, or MongoDB
are commonly used databases for such applications.

Overall implementation

Hardware Setup:
● Raspberry Pi 4: This serves as the main computing unit.
● Camera Module: Raspberry Pi supports various camera modules, such as
the Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2, which can capture high-resolution
images.
● Power Supply: Ensure that the Raspberry Pi is powered appropriately,
either through a USB power adapter or a battery pack.
● Internet Connectivity: Depending on the requirements, you may need an
Ethernet cable or Wi-Fi dongle for internet access.
Software Installation:
● Operating System: Install a compatible operating system on the Raspberry
Pi. Raspbian, a Debian-based Linux distribution optimized for Raspberry
Pi, is commonly used.

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 ● Python Libraries: Install necessary Python libraries for camera interfacing,
image processing, and face recognition. Libraries like OpenCV and
face_recognition are popular choices.
● Database: Set up a database to store attendance records. SQLite, MySQL,
or MongoDB are commonly used databases for such applications.
Camera Configuration:
● Connect the camera module to the Raspberry Pi's camera port.
● Enable the camera interface through the Raspberry Pi configuration menu
if it's not already enabled.
● Test the camera to ensure it's functioning properly using sample scripts
provided with the Raspberry Pi OS or by writing a simple Python script to
capture and display images.
Face Detection and Recognition:
● Implement a face detection algorithm using OpenCV or a similar library.
This involves locating faces within an image.
● Utilize a pre-trained face recognition model (such as those provided by the
face_recognition library) to recognize faces from the captured images.
● Train the model with known faces if required, by providing a dataset of
images along with corresponding labels (e.g., person's name).
Attendance Recording:
● When a face is detected and recognized, record the attendance by
capturing the current date and time.
● Store this information in the database along with the recognized person's
identity.
User Interface:
● Develop a user interface to interact with the attendance monitoring
system. This could be a web-based interface accessible from any device
connected to the same network as the Raspberry Pi.
● The interface may display real-time attendance updates, allow
administrators to view attendance records, and provide options for
managing the system.

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Deployment and Testing:
● Deploy the system in the desired location, ensuring that it has access to
power and a stable internet connection.
● Test the system thoroughly to verify its accuracy and reliability. Make
adjustments as necessary based on testing results.
Maintenance:
● Regularly maintain and update the system to ensure its continued
functionality and security. This may involve updating software
dependencies, optimizing algorithms for better performance, and
addressing any issues that arise during operation.

CHAPTER 6

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 Result and Observations
Results :

Image Capture: The camera module connected to the Raspberry Pi 4 captures images
of individuals within its field of view. The Raspberry Pi Camera Module is a
popular choice for this purpose due to its compatibility and ease of use.
Face Detection: The captured images are processed using computer vision algorithms
to detect faces within them. OpenCV, a popular computer vision library, is often
used for this task. The face detection algorithm locates faces within the image and
extracts their coordinates.
Face Recognition: Once faces are detected, the system can use a face recognition
algorithm to match them against a database of known faces. There are various
face recognition algorithms available, such as Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, Local
Binary Patterns Histograms (LBPH), and deep learning-based approaches like
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).
Attendance Logging: Upon successful recognition of a face, the system logs the
attendance of the recognized individual. This could involve updating a database,
marking a timestamp, or storing relevant information about the individual's
attendance.

Observations :

Accuracy: One of the primary concerns with any attendance monitoring system is
accuracy. Observations might include how accurately the system detects and
records attendance based on facial recognition or other methods employed.
Speed: Users may observe the speed at which the system registers attendance. Faster
processing times are generally desirable, especially in environments with large
numbers of individuals.
Reliability: The system's reliability over time can be observed. Does it consistently
capture attendance without failures or glitches? How often does it encounter
errors, and how are these errors handled?

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User Experience: Feedback on the user experience is crucial. Users may comment on
the ease of use, clarity of instructions, and overall satisfaction with interacting
with the system.
Integration: Observations may include how well the system integrates with existing
infrastructure or software. For example, does it seamlessly sync attendance data
with other systems such as payroll or student databases?
Privacy Concerns: Users may express concerns about privacy, particularly regarding
the collection and storage of biometric data. Observations could include feedback
on how comfortable users are with the system's data handling practices.

CHAPTER 7

Conclusion and Future Scope

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7.1 Conclusion :
The progress in science & technology is a continuous process. New things and
new technology are being invented. As technology grows day by day, we can imagine
about the future in which we may occupy every place.
Finally, conclusions drawn from the usage of the system can inform future
development and improvements. This could involve enhancements to the facial
recognition algorithm, integration with other systems (e.g., student databases, payroll
systems), or upgrades to hardware components for better performance.

7.2 Future Scope :

The future scope of an attendance monitoring system developed using Raspberry
Pi 4 and a camera module is quite promising, especially considering the ongoing
advancements in technology and the increasing demand for efficient and automated
solutions in various sectors. Here are some potential future directions and opportunities
for such a system:

Integration with AI and Machine Learning: By incorporating artificial intelligence

and machine learning algorithms, the system can improve accuracy in facial
recognition, even under varying lighting conditions, facial expressions, and
angles. This can enhance the reliability and efficiency of the attendance tracking
process.
Enhanced Security Features: Implementing additional security features such as
biometric authentication (e.g., fingerprint recognition) alongside facial
recognition can further strengthen the system's security, making it more resistant
to spoofing or unauthorized access.
Cloud Integration and Remote Monitoring: Integrating the system with cloud services
allows for remote monitoring and management of attendance data. This enables

M.M.C.O.E. Dept. of E&TC Engineering Page

 administrators to access real-time attendance information from anywhere,
facilitating better decision-making and oversight.
Scalability and Customization: Designing the system with scalability in mind will
enable it to accommodate a growing number of users and locations. Additionally,
providing customization options for different organizations or institutions ensures
that the system can meet specific requirements and preferences.

CHAPTER 8

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 References

8.1 Papers :
9 R. Al-Badri and S. Al Hasani, “Class attendance record based face recognition using
Raspberry Pi,” Global Scientific Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2019.
View at: Google Scholar
10 P. Pasumarti and P. P. Sekhar, “Classroom attendance using face detection and
Raspberry-Pi international research,” International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology (IRJET), vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 167–171, 2018.
View at: Google Scholar
11 K. Kumar, “R, face recognition attendance system using Raspberry Pi,” International
Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 118, no. 20, 2017.
View at: Google Scholar
12 A. S. Hasban, N. A. Hasif, Z. I. Khan et al., “Face recognition for student attendance
using Raspberry Pi,” in IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics
(APACE), pp. 1–5, Melacca, Malaysia, November 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
13 D. Narendar Singh, M. Kusuma Sri, and K. Mounika, “IOT based automated
attendance with face recognition system,” IJITEE, vol. 8, no. 6S4, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

CHAPTER 9

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Cost Estimation

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