Chapter 1 General Principles

Chapter 1 General Principles

1.1 Mechanics

1.2 Fundamental Concepts

1.3 The International System of Units

1.4 Numerical Calculations

1.5 General Procedure for Analysis

Prepared by Prof. Sukhoon Pyo, Instructor of CUEE 203, 2024

- 1 -
Chapter 1 General Principles

1.1 Mechanics
■ Newtonian mechanics:
:
:

a. Statics

b. Mechanics of Materials

c. Dynamics

d. Fluid mechanics

1.2 Fundamental Concepts

■ Basic Quantities
a. Length
- locate the position of a point in space
- describe the size of a physical system
b. Time
- succession of events
c. Mass
- measure of a quantity of matter
- used to compare the action of one body with that of another
d. Force
- a "push" or "pull" exerted by one body on another

■ Idealizations
a. Particle
- has a mass, but size can be neglected
b. Rigid Body
- a combination of a large number of particles
c. Concentrated Force
- the effect of a loading assumed to act at a point on a body

- 2 -
Chapter 1 General Principles

■ Newton's Three Laws of Motion

a. First Law

A particle originally at rest, or moving in a straight line

with constant velocity, will remain in this state provided
that the particle is not subjected to an unbalanced force

b. Second Law

A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F

experiences an acceleration a that has the same direction
as the force and a magnitude that is directly proportional
to the force

c. Third Law

The mutual forces of action and reaction between two

particles are equal and, opposite and collinear

■ Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction

- 3 -
Chapter 1 General Principles

1.3 Units – [SI units] (International system of units)

a. Basic units: fundamental quantities
- Length [m]: 1 m = the distance that light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second
- Time [s]: 1 second = the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom (at a
temperature of 0 K)
- Mass [kg]: 1kg = originally, the mass of water contained in a volume of one liter and at a
temperature of 4°C; After 20 May 2019, it will be defined in terms of fundamental physical
constants derived from Planck constant h.
- Force [N]: = derived from others;

b. Mass and Force

- At the standard location: g (gravitational acceleration) = 9.80665 m/s2
- For calculation, we use g (gravitational acceleration) = 9.81 m/s2
- Therefore, 1 kg has a weight of 9.81 N (from   ) and 2 kg body weighs 19.62 N

c. Prefixes
- Each represent a multiple or sub-multiple of a unit
e.g., 4,000,000 N = 4000 kN (kilonewton)
= 4 MN (meganewton)
0.005 m = 5 mm (millimeter)

1.4 Numerical Calculations

SEE Lecture #2 Materials

1.5 General Procedure for Analysis

SEE Lecture #2 Materials

Example 1) Convert 25 N/mm2 to N/m2 and Pa (Pascal)

- 4 -