DNA Properties Disease or C/F Diagnosis Treatment

enveloped
virus
HSV-1 1.DNA Gingivostomatitis, 1.Sample-vesicular discharge Acyclovir
enveloped. Kerato- 2.Smear staining-Multinucleated
2.Capsid- conjunctivitis, giant cell, cow dry type A inclusion
ecosahedral Encephalitis, body
3.Replication- Herpes labialis. 3.Fluorescent antibody staining
nucleus 4.Electron microscopy
4.Produce giant 5.Inoculation of tissue culture
cell 6.ELISA
5.Ether sensitive. 7.CFT
6.Transmission-
infected saliva
contact with
vesicular
discharge.
HSV-2 1.DNA Genital herpes, 1.Sample-vesicular discharge Acyclovir
enveloped. neonatal herpes, 2.Smear staining-Multinucleated
2.Capsid- aseptic meningitis, giant cell, cow dry type A inclusion
ecosahedral Ca cervix. body
3.Replication- 3.Fluorescent antibody staining
nucleus 4.Electron microscopy
4.Produce giant 5.Inoculation of tissue culture
cell 6.ELISA
5.Ether sensitive. 7.CFT
6.Transmission-
Sexual contact,
mother to infant
at birth
VZV 1.DNA 1.Chicken pox Clinical diagnosis Acyclovir
enveloped. 2.Shingles
2.Capsid- Painful vesicle
ecosahedral along the course of
3.Replication- a sensory nerve,
nucleus post-zoster
4.Produce giant neuralgia.
cell
5.Ether sensitive.
6.Transmission-
Respiratory
droplet, direct
contact with
lesion.
CMV 1.Structurally 1.Cytomegalic 1.Sample-blood
and inclusion disease in 2.Microscopic-Owl’s eye inclusion
morphologically neonates. body
identical to 2.Pneumonia 3.Culture-human fibroblast
herpes virus bur 3.Heterophil 4.CFT-Increase IgM
antigenically negative 5.PCR-Viral NA detection.
different. mononucleosis
2.It has a single 4.Hepatitis
serotype.
 3.Humans are the
natural host.
4. Giant cells are
formed.
5.Transmission-
i)transplacental
ii)during birth
iii)breast milk
iv)sexual
transmission
v)blood
transfusion
vi)organ
transplantation
vii)saliva
EBV Same as herpes Infectious 1.Sample-blood, saliva
virus. mononucleosis, 2.CBC-Incease lymphocyte,
Transmission- Burkitt’s monocyte
By saliva during lymphoma, B cell 3.PBF-Atypical lymphocyte
kissing carcinoma, 4.Paul Bunnell test-IgM
Nasopharyngeal 5.ELISA
carcinoma
HHV-6 Same as herpes Exanthem subitem,
virus. childhood disease
Transmission- with fever and skin
By saliva rash.
HHV-7 Same as herpes Latest, non-
virus. pathogenic & may
helpful against
HIV.
HHV-8 Same as herpes Kaposi’s sarcoma
virus.
Transmission-
Sexual contact
Transplacental

RNA Properties Disease or C/F Diagnosis Treatment/

enveloped prevention
virus
Influenza 1.Asegmented single 1.Pneumonia Specimen-Nasal or throat washings, Amantidine,
stranded RNA 2.Reye’s syndrome nasal or throat swabs and sputum. rimantidine
enveloped. Tests-i) Direct fluorescent antibody
2.Nucleocapsid- ii)PCR
helical iii)Cell culture
3. Outer lipoprotein
envelop.
4. Virion contains
RNA dependent
RNA polymerase.
5.Have got
hemagglutinin,
neuraminidase.
 6.Transmission-
respiratory droplets
(Special-antigenic
shift and antigenic
drift)
Measles 1.RNA enveloped. (Cough, coryza and 1.Specimen-Nasopharyngeal swab, MMR vaccine
2. H & fusion conjunctivitis) blood Vit A
protein present. 1.Measles 2.Isolation and identification of supplementati
3.Transmission- 2.Encephalitis virus on.
respiratory droplet. 3.Measles 3.Immunofluroscence
(Special-koplik’s pneumonia 4.CFT-Antibody detection (4 fold
spot) 4.Secondary rise)
bacterial pneumonia
4. Secondary
bacterial otitis
media
6.Subacute
sclerosing
panencephalitis
7. Still birth
8. Fetal death.
Mumps 1.One serotype. 1. Prodormal stage 1.Sample-Saliva, CSF, urine. MMR vaccine
2.Fusion protein of fever, malaise 2.Cell culture-(monkey kidney cell)
present. and anorexia. 3.CFT-antibody detection (4 fold
3.Produce 2.Tender swelling of rise)
multinucleated giant salivary gland. 4.Immunoflurosecence-Ag detection
cell. (Complication- 5.A mumps skin test on delayed
orchitis, oophoritis, hypersensitivity.
pancreatitis,
myocarditis, DM,
nerve deafness,
polyarthritis)
RSV 1.Single stranded Pneumonia
RNA virus with Bronchiolitis
only fusion protein. (infant)
2.Fusion protein Otitis media
causes cells to fuse, (children)
forming URTI like common
multinucleated giant cold (adult)
cells.
3.Transmission-
respiratory droplet
Parainfluen Transmission- 1.Main cause of
za repiratory droplet. croup in children <5
years of age
2.Common cold.
3.Pharyngitis
4.Laryngitis
5.Otitis media
Rubella 1.Member of toga Rubella: 1.Four fold or greater rise in MMR vaccine
virus family. Prodormal fever antibody titer.
2.Enveloped virus. Malaise 2.Isolation in cell culture.
3.Nucleocapsid Maculo-papular rash 3.Presence of IgM antibody.
 icosahedral. Polyarthritis 4.PCR
4.Have a piece of Lymphadenopathy 5.In pregnant women infected
single stranded Congenital rubella with rubella virus-
RNA. syndrome:  IgM antibody against rubella
5.Surface spike- PDA  Presence of virus in amniotic
hemagglutinin only. Septal defect in fluid.
6. Transmission- heart
Respiratory droplet, Mental retardation
transplacental
Rabies 1.RNA virus 1.Fever, malaise, For human- Passive-
2.Single stranded salivation 1.Fluroscent-Ab staining of biopsy Rabies
RNA enclosed 2.Hydrophobia specimen. immunoglobin
within a bullet 3.Seizure, paralysis, 2.Isolation of virus from saliva, human, Anti-
shaped capsid. coma. spinal fluid and brain tissue. rabies serum
3.Lipoprotein 4.Neurological & 3.Rise in titer of antibody equine.
envelope. pulmonary failure. 4.Negri bodies-in corneal scraping Active-Human
4.Contains RNA and brain tissue. diploid cell
dependent RNA For animal- vaccine,
polymerase 1Fluroscent Ab to rabies virus. Inactivated
5.Replicate in 2.Staining for Negri bodies sheep brain
cytoplasm 3.Cell culture. vaccine.
6. If not treated,
100% mortality.
7.Transmission-
Animal bites, licks,
aerosols of bat
secretions
containing rabies
virus, person to
person.

RNA Properties Disease or C/F Diagnosis Treatment/prevention

enveloped
virus
HIV 1.Single stranded, AIDS (Opportunistic a) Isolation of virus Zidovudin, Indinavir.
enveloped, RNA infections, b) Detection of viral
virus. neurological antigen-ELISA
2.Member of Retro- disorder, c)Detection of antibody-
virus family. malignancy, chronic ELISA, confirmed by
3.Contains reverse diarrhea >1 month, western blot and ICT,
transcriptase enzyme. chronic fever>1 RIA, IFT.
4.Non oncogenic, month, weight loss d)Detection of viral
lentivirus, cytolytic. >10 % in last month) nucleic acid-PCR.
5.It has a bar shaped ARC e) Immune function test-
core surrounded by (unexplained by counting by CD4+
envelope with several diarrhea lasting than number.
important antigens- a month, fatigue, f) Non-specific tests-
glycoprotein-120, malaise, loss of Raised ESR
glycoprotei-41, weight more than Leukopenia
glycoprotein-161. 10%, fever, night Lymphopenia
6.Viral genome sweats or other Reversal CD4 & CD8 cell
 consists of-gag gene, milder opportunistic ratio.
pol gene, env gene. infections,
7.Transmission- generalized
Sexual, parenteral, lymphadenopathy or
vertical, organ enlarged spleen)
transplantation, any
skin piercing.
Dengue 1.RNA virus. 1.Sudden onset of Specimen-blood Symptomatic treatment.
virus 2.Enveloped influenza-like Isolation-cell culture For DHF-
3.Human are the syndrome consisting Serological- Blood transfusion,
reservoir of fever, malaise, Ab detection: electrolyte therapy,
4.Replication- cough & headache. i)ELISA oxygen therapy.
cytoplasm 2.Sever pains in ii)ICT
5.Viremia present at muscles & joints iii)Immune blot
time of fever (breakbone) Ag detection:
6. Transmission-Bite 3.Enlarged lymph i)Fluorescence
of infected mosquito. nodes. microscopy in tissues.
4.Maculopapular ii)ELISA
rash. Nucleic acid based
technique-PCR
Routine blood test:
Platelet count-reduced.
Hematocrit-Low or high.

RNA non- Properties Disease or C/F Diagnosis Treatment/prevention

enveloped
virus
Polio virus 1.RNA virus, non- 1.Asymptomatic Sample-Feces, throat Polio vaccine
enveloped. infection swab, CSF.
2.Nucleocapsid- 2.Abortive CFT-Antibody detection
icosahedral. poliomyelitis Isolation of virus in cell
3.Replication- 3.Non-paralytic culture.
cytoplasm poliomyelitis-
4.Route-Feco-oral stiffness and pain in
5.No long-time neck and neck.
carrier state. 4.Paralytic
6. Transmission- poliomyelitis-flaccid
Feco-oral type.
Rota virus Transmission-Feco- Viral dirrhoea Sample-stool, rectal swab. Rota shield, Rota tag,
oral Microscopic Rotarix.
examination-electron
microscopy or immune
electron microscopy
Detection of viral
antigen-Latex
agglutination, Co-
agglutination.
Nucleic acid based
technique-PCR
Hepatitis Properties Disease or C/F Diagnosis Treatment/prevention
virus
HAV 1.It is a member of Infectious hepatitis Early stage- Vaccine,
picorna virus family. (Fever, anorexia, i)Detection of HAV in immunoglobulin
2.Single standed RNA nausea, vomiting, the feces.
virus. jaundice, dark ii)Detection of IgM anti-
3.Non-enveloped urine, pale feces) HAV in the serum
icosahedral Past infection-
nucleocapsid. i)Detection of IgG anti-
4.Replication- HAV
cytoplasm ii)CFT
5.It is inactivated by iii)RIA and ELISA
heat.
Transmission-feco-
oral route.
HBV 1.It is a member of Serum hepatitis For early infection- Vaccine,
hepadna virus family. HBsAg, Anti-HBcIgM, immunoglobulin
2.Enveloped virus. HBeAg.
3. Nucleocapsid- In chronic carrier state-
icosahedral. HBsAg, HBeAg.
4.Partially double Detection of viral DNA
stranded DNA load.
genome.
5.Human-only
reservoir.
6. Transmission-
Blood, sexual, at
birth, contaminated
syringes and needles,
saliva.
HCV 1. It is a member of Post transfusion Specimen-blood No vaccine,
flavi virus family. hepatitis Serological tests- immunoglobulin
2.Enveloped virus. i)Antibody-(IgM/IgG)
3. Single stranded detection by ELISA.
RNA virus. ii)RIBA (Recombinant
4.Human-only immunoblot essay)
reservoir Nucleic acid based
5.Multiple serotype. technique-PCR
6.Transmission-
Blood, sexual.
HDV 1.It is a defective Delta hepatitis Is made by detecting No vaccine,
RNA virus. either delta antigen or immunoglobulin
2.HDV uses the IgM antibody to delta
surface antigen of antigen in the patient’s
HBV as its envelope serum.
protein.
3.Enveloped virus.
4.Only one serotype.
5. Has no virion
polymerase.
6.Transmission-
 Blood, sexual
HEV 1.It is a member of Infectious hepatitis No vaccine,
calicivirus virus immunoglobulin
family.
2.Single stranded
RNA virus.
3.Non-enveloped.
4.Replication-
cytoplasm
5. Human-only
reservoir.
6.Transmission-feco-
oral route.