BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74

Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

TRAINING MANUAL

BOEING 757-200/300
Type Theoretical Training

74. IGNITION (PW 2000)

(ATA 74)

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 1

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

74-00 IGNITION ............................................................................................. 4

IGNITION/STARTING SYSTEMS .............................................................. 4
74-11 IGNITION POWER SUPPLY ............................................................... 6
GENERAL .................................................................................................. 6
IGNITION EXCITER ................................................................................... 8
74-21 HIGH TENSION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS ............. 10
IGNITION EXCITERS............................................................................... 10
EXCITER-TO-IGNITER PLUG CABLES .................................................. 10
IGNITER PLUGS ..................................................................................... 10
74-31 ENGINE IGNITION CONTROL .......................................................... 12
GENERAL ................................................................................................ 12
ENGINE START/RAM AIR TURBINE CONTROL MODULE ................... 12
FUEL CONTROL MODULE ..................................................................... 12

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 2

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

TABLE OF FIGURES

IGNITION & STARTING PRESENTATION.................................................... 5

IGNITION SYSTEM PRESENTATION ........................................................... 7
IGNITION SYSTEM PRESENTATION ........................................................... 9
IGNITION SYSTEM COMPONENTS ........................................................... 11
ENGINE IGNITION SCHEMATIC ................................................................ 14

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 3

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)
74-00 IGNITION
IGNITION/STARTING SYSTEMS
Purpose
The purpose of this system is to provide initial engine rotation and fuel/air
mixture ignition for engine starting.
The starter control valve controls air to the starter. The pneumatic starter
rotates the N2 compressor to start the engine.
The exciter units provide a high energy spark to the igniters, which ignite to
fuel/air mixture in the combustion chamber.
Ignition is ATA chapter 74. Starting is ATA chapter 80.
System Description
Within this system is the EEC, propulsion discrete interface unit (PDIU), start
control switches and ignition select switch on the start control panel, the start
valve and starter, the fuel control switches, exciters, and igniters.
The start control panel contains the start switches which control the start
valve, and the ignition select switch which selects the igniter. The EEC and
PDIU input signals for starter cutout.
The fuel control switches enable the exciters to power the igniters.
General Component Locations
The starter control valve is located on the starter air duct which is routed
around the right side of the fan case. The starter is on the front face of the
main gearbox.
Two exciter units are mounted side by side on the upper right side of the high
pressure compressor case. Two igniters are mounted on the lower right
intermediate case, behind the fuel injectors.
ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
Indication / Monitoring
This system alerts the flight crew and record for maintenance personnel
failures of selected starting/ignition system line replaceable units or circuitry.
This system contains power sense relays, the EEC, EICAS computers, and
EICAS display units. A failure or malfunction of the start circuitry, start
switch, starter valve switch or loss of an ignition power source generate
messages in the EICAS computers which are displayed as caution,
advisory, or maintenance messages.
Failures of the following circuitry or LRUs are displayed as caution, advisory,
or maintenance messages.
 Start Circuitry
A failure of the start circuitry above starter cutout speed generates the
caution message L (R) STARTER CUTOUT. This message has a five
second time delay, and inhibits all other existing level B (caution) and C
(advisory) messages for 20 seconds on the ground only.
 Start Components
A malfunction or failure of the start switch on the P5 panel, or starter valve
switch on the starter valve, resulting in a disagreement between the twob
switches, generates the advisory message L(R) ENG STARTER. This
message has a five second time delay.
 Ignition Power Source
Failure of a main ac bus to power the No. 1 igniter(s) causing the standby
bus to power the igniter(s), generates the maintenance message L(R) IGN
STBY BUS.
Page: 4
BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

IGNITION & STARTING PRESENTATION

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 5

BOEING 757-200/300
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)
74-11 IGNITION POWER SUPPLY
GENERAL
The ignition system supplies electrical energy at high voltage to start or
sustain combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the engine.
Each engine ignition system uses two capacitive-discharge exciter units, each
rated at 4 joules. The two circuits are electrically and physically independent.
You can use either ignition system to start the engine or for continuous ignition
when selected for flight in bad weather conditions.
The ignition system consists of the three subsystems
 Ignition Power Supply, (Ref ATA 74-11-00)
 High Tension Distribution, (Ref ATA 74-21 -00)
 Engine Ignition Control, (Ref ATA 74-31-00)
Ignition Power Supply
The ignition power supply includes two independent ignition exciters installed
on the compressor case at the three o'clock position.
Each ignition exciter is of the capacitive-discharge type, converting115—volt
ac to 24-kilovolts dc (nominal).
The airplane main ac buses supplies primary power to the ignition exciters:
 the left bus powers left engine ignition exciters,
 the right bus supplies power to the right engine ignition exciters.
Alternate ac power is automatically supplied by the 115—volt ac standby bus
when primary power is unavailable.
High Tension Distribution
The high tension distribution system conducts the high voltage dc from the
ignition exciters to the igniter plugs.
The system consists of exciter-to-igniter plug cables and igniter plugs.
ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
ATA 74
Engine Ignition Control
Ignition control for normal operation is provided by switches on the engine
start/ram air turbine control module and the FUEL CONTROL switches.
Positioning the switches properly will supply electrical power to the ignition
exciters.
The ignition exciters convert the input power into a high energy pulsating
spark across the igniter plug gap to initiate or sustain combustion in the
engine.
Power for ignition control system one is 115 volts ac supplied from the
overhead circuit breaker panel P11, left ac bus for the left engine ignition
system, and right ac bus for the right engine ignition system.
Power for ignition system two is 115 volts ac supplied from overhead circuit
breaker panel P11, stby ac bus for both left and right engine ignition
systems.
If primary ac power is not available, standby power is automatically used.
Standby power is 115 volts ac supplied from the overhead circuit breaker
panel P11.
Indication
L SGN STBY BUS and R IGN STBY BUS messages show on the EICAS
maintenance mode when ignition control is powered from the standby bus.
Page: 6
BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

IGNITION SYSTEM PRESENTATION

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 7

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

GENERAL (cont.) Operation

The ignition power supply includes two independent ignition exciters installed
on the compressor case at the three o'clock position. Each ignition exciter is of
the capacitive-discharge type, converting 115-volt ac to 24-kilovolts dc
(nominal). The airplane main ac buses supplies primary power to the ignition
exciters; the left bus powers left engine ignition exciters, the right bus supplies
power to the right engine ignition exciters. Alternate ac power is automatically
supplied by the 115-volt ac standby bus when primary power is unavailable
(Ref 24-51-00, 24-33-00).
IGNITION EXCITER
The ignition exciters are mounted on a bracket located at the three o'clock
position on the compressor case.
Energizing the engine ignition system applies 115-volt ac, 400-Hz power to
the ignition exciter. The power transformer steps up the ac voltage and
feeds it to the voltage doubler section. The voltage doubler section doubles
the voltage and converts it to dc voltage, charging the storage capacitor.
When the voltage across the storage capacitor reaches the breakover
voltage of the discharge tube, the tube conducts, causing current to flow in
the primary winding of the high tension transformer. Current flowing in the
primary of the high tension transformer induces a voltage across the
secondary winding. The voltage ionizes the air as the arc leaves the igniter
plug. The ionized air is conductive, discharging the storage capacitor with a
high current, low voltage arc across the igniter plug.

The ignition exciter consists of a power transformer, a voltage doubler section,

a storage capacitor, a discharger tube, and a high tension transformer. A filter
network on the ignition exciter input keeps high frequency noise from getting
onto the main AC buses. A bleeder resistor is provided to decrease the energy
in the ignition exciter if the igniter plug fails to fire.
Each ignition exciter is capable of 4 joules continuous-duty output.

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 8

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

IGNITION SYSTEM PRESENTATION

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 9

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

74-21 HIGH TENSION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

IGNITION EXCITERS IGNITER PLUGS

Purpose Purpose
The ignition exciters supply the voltage required to fire the igniter plugs.
Each igniter plug gives an electrical spark to ignite the fuel/air mixture.
Description and Operation
Description and Operation
Type;
 Capacitor discharge Type:
 Each exciter fires 1 igniter plug  Shielded center electrode
 Stainless steel case with hermetic seal  Air cooled tip
 Placarded to identify system  Classified spacers control penetration

EXCITER-TO-IGNITER PLUG CABLES Maintenance Tips

Purpose Warning: BE CAREFUL WHEN YOU WORK ON OR NEAR THE

IGNITION SYSTEM. THE IGNITION SYSTEM VOLTAGE IS
The exciter-to-igniter plug cables are conductors for the electrical energy that VERY HIGH, AND IS DANGEROUS TO PERSONS. MAKE
goes from the ignition exciters to the igniter plugs SURE YOU DO THE SAFETY STEPS WHICH FOLLOW
BEFORE YOU TOUCH THE IGNITION SYSTEM
Description and Operation COMPONENTS. IF YOU DO NOT DO THESE STEPS, INJURY
OR DEATH TO PERSONS, OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT
Type: CAN OCCUR.
 High-tension lead enclosed in a flexible braided steel conduit
 Air-cooled tip (1) Do these two steps so it is safe to work on the ignition system.
 Classified spacers control penetration (a) Do not touch the ignition system components for a minimum of three
minutes after you remove power from the ignition system.
(b) Disconnect the cable from the igniter plug and ground the cable to
remove the chance of receiving electrical shock

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 10

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

IGNITION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 11

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)
74-31 ENGINE IGNITION CONTROL
GENERAL
Ignition control for normal operation is provided by switches on the engine
start/ram air turbine control module and the FUEL CONTROL switches.
Positioning the switches properly will supply electrical power to the ignition
exciters. The ignition exciters convert the input power into a high
energy pulsating spark across the igniter plug gap to initiate or sustain
combustion in the engine.
Power for ignition control system one is 115 volts ac supplied from the
overhead circuit breaker panel P11, left ac bus for the left engine ignition
system, and right ac bus for the right engine ignition system. Power for ignition
system two is 115 volts ac supplied from overhead circuit breaker panel P11,
stby ac bus for both left and right engine ignition systems.
If primary ac power is not available, standby power is automatically used.
Standby power is 115 volts ac supplied from the overhead circuit breaker
panel P11. L IGN STBY BUS and R IGN STBY BUS messages show on the
EICAS maintenance mode when ignition control is powered from the
standby bus.
ENGINE START/RAM AIR TURBINE CONTROL MODULE
The engine start/ram air turbine control module is comprised of two ENG
START switches, an ignition selection switch and two starter control VALVE
disagreement lights. There is one ENG START switch for each engine. Each
ENG START switch has five positions: OFF, AUTO for automatic ignition if
certain conditions exist, GND for ground start, CONT for continuous ignition,
and FLT for flight start. The ignition selection switch has three positions: 1, 2,
and BOTH for ignition system 1, ignition system 2, and both ignition systems,
respectively.
FUEL CONTROL MODULE
The FUEL CONTROL switch has two positions: CUTOFF and RUN. To
energize either ignition system, the FUEL CONTROL switch must be in the
RUN position.
ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
Operation
Engine ignition control is operative when 115 volts ac is supplied to the
ignition exciters.
The ENG START switch, in conjunction with the FUEL CONTROL switch,
controls power application to the ignition exciters. The ENG START switch
also controls the starter control valve. The FUEL CONTROL switch allows
ignition to be applied at the correct time in the engine start cycle and
maintains the ignition system in the armed state during engine operation.
To initiate ignition for engine ground start using starter assist, the ignition
selection switch is positioned to the applicable igniter and the ENG START
switch is positioned to GND. When N2 is approximately 20%, the FUEL
CONTROL switch is positioned to RUN. This completes the ignition system
circuit and supplies ac power to the applicable ignition exciters. The ignition
exciters step up the input voltage and provide a high energy pulsating spark
across the igniter plug gap to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the engine
combustion chamber which is supplied when the FUEL CONTROL switch is
positioned to RUN. Ignition system operation automatically terminates at
approximately 50% N2 when the holding solenoid de-energizes and the
ENG START switch returns to AUTO.
To initiate ignition for inflight start of a windmilling engine, the ENG START
switch is positioned to FLT. With the FUEL CONTROL switch in RUN
position, the ignition selection switch is bypassed and both ignition systems
are energized for the respective engine.
Continuous ignition during takeoff, landing, or adverse weather conditions is
provided for each engine by positioning the respective ENG START switch
to CONT. The automatic cutoff circuit is bypassed and ignition continues
until the ENG START switch is turned to OFF or AUTO.
Page: 12
BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

The AUTO position on the ENG START switch allows automatic ignition
during certain conditions. Usually after the engine has been started, the ENG
START switch is positioned to AUTO instead of the OFF position. This is to
minimize the possibility of an engine flame out.
The conditions this is protected for are:
 Wing/Engine anti-ice switch is placed on.
 Flap/Slats are deployed.

When primary ac power is not available, automatic transfer to the ac standby

bus occurs.

The VALVE disagreement light illuminates when the ENG START switch is
positioned to GND or FLT and the starter control valve is not open. The
VALVE light also illuminates when the ENG START switch is in the OFF
position and the starter control valve remains open.

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 13

BOEING 757-200/300 ATA 74
Type Theoretical Training IGNITION (PW 2000)

ENGINE IGNITION SCHEMATIC

ISSUE 1, 3 OCT 2016 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page: 14