Factors Affecting Teenage Pregnancy as Perceived byGrade 9 and Grade 10 students at

TMCNHS- Hugo Perez Extension

A Research Study submitted to

Ceasar Q. Usero Jr.
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
English 10

Submitted by :
Buag, Jamaica C.
Madrigal, Yu-Lian B.
Calvo, Jufferson T.
Latorre, Fancis James T.
Miro, Ace Anthony P.

CHAPTER 1
 Teenage pregnancy has been one of the reasons affecting teenagers or students lives
even in many countries. Even here in our school at TMCNHS- Hugo Perez Extension. It
affects many lives of students living and studying here.

By understanding the perspectives of students, the research seeks to identify key areas
where interventions can be implemented to prevent teenage pregnancies effectively. The
findings of this study can inform policymakers, educators, and healthcare providers on
the specific needs and challenges faced by young individuals in the context of teenage
pregnancy.

Through this research, we aim to contribute to the existing knowledge on teenage

pregnancy prevention and empower young individuals with the information and support
they need to make informed decisions regarding their sexual health and well-being.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Adolescent pregnancy continues to be a major problem in society. Estimates of sexual
activity in adolescents indicate that ap-proximately one in five sixteen-year-old girls are
sexually active as are two out of three nineteen-year-olds. Further, Zelnik and Kanter
(1979) report that more than one third of those who are sexually active premaritally, have
a premarital pregnancy before they turn seventeen. Sexually active adolescents do not
seem to be very effective contra-ceptive users. Our understanding of the factors that lead
to effective contraceptive use is far from complete. The fact that adolescents are more apt
to have unintended pregnancies than older women suggests that devel-opmental variables
may be important. The fact that a wide variety of demographic and psychological
variables have been shown to be related to contraceptive use suggests that it is a complex,
multidetermined behavior. Theoretically guided research especially of a multivariate
nature is needed. A theoretical framework allows one to choose variables for study on a
logical basis. The framework can suggest which variables Kathryn A. Urberg, Ph. D.,
Department of Family and Consumer Resources, Wayne State University, Detroit,
Michigan 48202 ADOLESCENCE, Vol. XVII No. 67, Fall 1982 Libra Publishers, Inc.,
391 Willets Rd., Roslyn Hts., NY 11577 should be controlled, and it provides a basis for
predicting interrela-tionships or interactions among the relevant variables.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

When conducting research on the factors affecting teenage pregnancy as perceived by

Grade 9 and Grade 10 students at TMCNHS - Hugo Perez Extension, it is essential to
establish a solid conceptual framework. A conceptual framework provides a structure for
the study, guiding the researcher in understanding the relationships between variables and
concepts. Here is a suggested conceptual framework for your research:
1. Individual Factors:
- Biological Factors: Explore the biological factors that may influence teenage pregnancy,
such as early puberty or hormonal changes.
- Psychological Factors: Consider the psychological aspects, such as self-esteem, mental
health, and decision-making skills.
- Socioeconomic Factors: Examine how the socioeconomic status of students may impact
their risk of teenage pregnancy.

2. Family Factors:
- Parental Influence: Investigate the role of parents in shaping attitudes towards sex
education, communication within the family, and parental support.
- Family Structure: Analyze how family dynamics, such as single-parent households or
parental involvement, affect the likelihood of teenage pregnancy.

3. Peer Influence:
- Peer Pressure: Explore the impact of peer pressure, social norms, and peer relationships
on the attitudes and behaviors related to teenage pregnancy.
- Social Support: Consider the role of peer support systems in mitigating or exacerbating
the risk of teenage pregnancy.

4. School Environment:
- Sex Education: Evaluate the effectiveness of sex education programs in schools and
their influence on students' knowledge and attitudes towards teenage pregnancy.
- School Policies: Examine the school policies and resources available to address teenage
pregnancy and support at-risk students.

5. Community Factors:
- Access to Healthcare: Consider the availability of reproductive health services,
contraception, and support systems within the community.
- Cultural Norms: Explore how cultural beliefs, traditions, and societal expectations
contribute to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.

6. Media Influence:
- Media Portrayal: Investigate the role of media, including social media, in shaping
perceptions of sexuality, relationships, and teenage pregnancy.
- Media Literacy: Assess students' media literacy skills and their ability to critically
analyze and interpret media messages related to teenage pregnancy.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims in digging into what factors teenagers think are behind teenage
pregnancy. We’re focusing on Grade 9 and Grade 10 students at TMCNHS- Hugo Perez
Extension. Despite all the efforts to deal with it, teenage pregnancy is still a big problem
that seriously affects the health, education, and overall well-being of young people. So,
it’s really important to understand what these students think about the things that lead to
teenage pregnancy. This way, we can create specific interventions and educational
programs to reduce it and lessen the impact it has on our community.

1. So, what do Grade 9 and Grade 10 students at TMCNHS- Hugo Perez Extension see as
the main factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy?

2. How do social and cultural influences affect how teenagers in our community think
about teenage pregnancy?

3. How much do awareness and education campaigns actually change what students
believe and do when it comes to preventing teenage pregnancy?

4. How do family situations and hanging out with friends influence how teenagers
perceive the risks and consequences of getting pregnant at a young age?

5. Do guys and girls have different points of view on what factors contribute to teenage
pregnancy? And if they do, what are these differences and how do they come up?

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

 This research focuses on finding out the primary factors affecting teenage pregnancy.
Teenage pregnancy is still a big problem seriously affects the health, education, and
overall well being of young people

This research will not extend to the advanced factors that affect teenage pregnancy.
Because most young people get pregnant early due to lack of knowledge about sex. So,
it's really important to understand what these students think about the things that lead to
teenage pregnancy

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In this research, young people can learn a lot about sex so they can avoid early
pregnancy and they also need parental guidance to teach them what early pregnancy will
actually cause

The study will help the students to understand what is teenage pregnancy and how it
can effect their daily life while experiencing, this study will help the students to know the
advantages and disadvantages of pregnancy

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To facilitate the understanding of this study, different terms are defined herein.

Sex Education . Refers to the process of providing young people with knowledge and
information about human sexuality, including reproductive anatomy, contraception, and
sexually transmitted infections, aimed at promoting responsible sexual behavior and
preventing early pregnancy.
 Parental Guidance. Involves the support, advice, and supervision provided by parents
or caregivers to adolescents regarding sexual health and reproductive decision-making,
emphasizing the importance of open communication, guidance, and setting boundaries to
prevent early pregnancy.

Teenage Pregnancy. Describes the condition wherein a female adolescent becomes

pregnant, typically between the ages of 13 to 19 years old, which may result in various
physical, emotional, social, and economic consequences for both the pregnant individual
and their families.

Advantages of Pregnancy. Refers to the potential positive outcomes or benefits

associated with pregnancy and parenthood, such as personal growth, development of
nurturing skills, and the experience of forming a family bond.

Disadvantages of Pregnancy. Encompasses the potential negative consequences or

challenges associated with teenage pregnancy, including disruptions to education,
financial strain, increased risk of health complications for both the mother and child, and
limitations on future opportunities.
Adolescents. In this study, it refers to the teenagers in which are Grade9 and Grade 10
students at TMCNHS-HUGO PEREZ EXTENSION