Trigonometry 2022-23 Eng PC

TRIGONOMETRY
Contents
Theory ..................................................................................................................................... 01
Exercise - 1
Part - I (Subjective Questions) .......................................................................................... 29
Part - II (Objective Questions)........................................................................................... 34
Part - III (Match the Column) ........................................................................................... 40
Exercise - 2
Part - I (Only one option correct type) ............................................................................. 42
Part - II (Numerical Type) ................................................................................................. 44
Part - III (One or More than one option correct type) ...................................................... 46
Part - IV (Comprehension) ................................................................................................ 49
Exercise - 3
Part - I (Previous Years JEE Advance Problems)............................................................. 51
Part - II (Previous Years AIEEE & JEE Mains Problems) .............................................. 53
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................. 57

Reliable Ranker Problems ...................................................................................................... 61
Self Assessment Paper............................................................................................................. 64
Syllabus
JEE (Advance)
Trigonometry : Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction
formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, General solution of
trigonometric equations.
JEE (Main)
Trigonometry : Trigonometrical identities and equations. Trigonometrical functions. Heights
and Distances.
Trigonometry
TRIGONOMETRY
"The soul of man is divided into three parts, intelligence, reason and passion.
Intelligence in passion are possessed by other animals, but reason by man alone."
-Pythagoras
1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY :
The word 'trigonometry' is derived from the Greek words 'trigon' and 'metron' and it means
'measuring the sides of a triangle'. The subject was originally developed to solve geometric problems
involving triangles. It was studied by sea captains for navigation, surveyor to map out the new lands, by
engineers and others. Currently, trigonometry is used in many areas such as the science of seismology,
designing electric circuits, describing the state of an atom, predicting the heights of tides in the ocean,
analysing a musical tone and in many other areas.
(a) Measurement of angles : Commonly two systems of measurement of angles are used.
(i) Sexagesimal or English System : Here 1 right angle = 90° (degrees)
1° = 60' (minutes)
1' = 60" (seconds)
(ii) Circular system : Here an angle is measured in radians. One radian
corresponds to the angle subtended by an arc of length 'r ' at the
•
centre of the circle of radius r. It is a constant quantity and does not r
depend upon the radius of the circle.
(b) Relation between the these systems : radian = 90°
2
1 2
Note : (i) Area of sector = r
2
(ii) Supplement angle of is –
2
(iii) Complement angle of is –
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 1.1 : If the arcs of same length in two circles subtend angles of 60° and 75° at their centres. Find the
ratio of their radii.
Solution : Let r1 and r2 be the radii of the given circles and let their arcs of same length 's' subtend angles
of 60° and 75° at their centres.
5
Now, 60° = 60 and 75 75
180 3 180 12
s 5 s
and
3 r1 12 r2
5 5
r1 s and r2 s r1 r2 4r1 5r2 r 1 : r2 = 5 : 4
BOBB-BC\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Trigo\Eng
3 12 3 12
Problems for Self Practise :

1. The radius of a circle is 30 cm. Find the length of an arc of this circle if the length of the chord
of the arc is 30 cm.
Answers : 1. 10 cm
E 1
JEE(Advanced) : Mathematics
2. BASCIS TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND IDENTITIES :

In a right angle triangle
p b p h h b
sin ; cos ; tan ;cosec ; sec = and cot
h h b p b p
'p' is perpendicular ; 'b' is base and 'h' is hypotenuse.
(a) sin2 + cos2 = 1 or sin2 = 1 – cos2 or cos2 = 1 – sin2
1
(b) sec2 – tan2 = 1 or sec2 = 1 + tan2 or tan2 = sec2 or sec + tan
sec tan
(c) cosec2 – cot2 = 1 or cosec2 = 1 + cot2 or cot2 = cosec2 –1

1
or cosec + cot =
cosec cot
Note : The quantity by which the cosine falls short of unity i.e. 1 – cos , is called the versed sine of and also
by which the sine falls short of unity i.e. 1– sin is called the conversed sine of .
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 2.1 : If sin sin 2 1 , then prove that cos12 3cos10 3cos8 cos6 1 0
2 2
Solution : Given that sin = 1 – sin = cos
6 2
L.H.S. = cos (cos + 1) – 1= sin3 (1 + sin )3 – 1= (sin + sin2 )3 – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0
3
Example 2.2 : 4(sin6 + cos6 ) – 6 ( sin4 + cos4 ) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –2 (D) none of these
2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
Solution : 4 [(sin + cos ) – 3 sin cos ( sin + cos ) ] – 6[ (sin + cos )2 – 2sin2 cos 2 ]
= 4[1 – 3 sin2 cos2 ] – 6[1 –2 sin2 cos2 ]
= 4 – 12 sin2 cos2 – 6 + 12 sin2 cos2 = –2

4
1. If cot , then find the value of sin , cos and cosec in first quadrant.
3
2. If sin + cosec = 2, then find the value of sin8 + cosec8
3 4 5
Answers : 1. , , 2. 2
5 5 3
3. NEW DEFINITION OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS y

AND THEIR SIGNS IN DIFFERENT QUADRANTS :
By using rectangular coordinates the definitions of trigonometric P(x, y)
functions can be extended to angles of any size in the following way r

(see diagram). A point P is taken with coordinates (x, y). The radius •O x
vector OP has length r and the angle is taken as the directed angle
measured anticlockwise from the x-axis. The six main trigonometric
functions are then defined in terms of r and the coordinates x and y.
2
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Trigonometry
sin = y/r, cos = x/r, tan = y/x,
cosec = r/y, sec = r/x, cot = x/y
90°, /2
II quadrant I quadrant
only sine
& cosec +ve All +ve
180°, 0°, 360°, 2
only tan & cot only cos
+ve & sec +ve
III quadrant IV quadrant
270°, 3 /2
3.1 VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SOME STANDARD ANGLES :
Where N.D. mean not defined

3.2 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF ALLIED ANGLES :
If is any angle, then n ± ,n are called allied angles

2
3 3
– – – – 2 – 2
2 2 2 2
sin – sin cos cos sin sin – cos – cos sin sin
cos cos sin sin cos cos sin sin cos cos
tan tan cot cot tan tan cot cot tan tan
cot cot tan tan cot cot tan tan cot cot
sec sec cosec cos ec sec sec cosec cosec sec sec
cos ec cos ec sec sec cos ec cosec sec sec cosec cosec
Think, and fill up the blank blocks in following table.

2 3 5 7 5 4 3 5 7 11
2
3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4 6
sin
cos
tan
E 3
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 3.1 : cos (540° – ) – sin (630° – ) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 2 cos (C) 2 sin (D) sin – cos
Solution : cos (540º – ) – sin (630º – ) = – cos + cos =0
Problems for Self Practise - :

1 3
(1) If cos =– and , then find the value of 4tan2 – 3cosec2 .
2 2
(2) Find value of cos570° sin510° + sin(–330°) cos(–390°)
Answers : (1) 8 (2) 0
4. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUM & DIFFERENCE OF ANGLES :

(a) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B. (b) sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B.
(c) cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B (d) cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
tan A tan B tan A tan B
(e) tan (A + B) = (f) tan (A – B) =
1 tan A tan B 1 tan A tan B
cot Bcot A 1 cot Bcot A 1
(g) cot (A + B) = (h) cot (A – B) =
cot B cot A cot B cot A
(i) sin (A+B+C) = sinAcosBcosC + sinBcosAcosC + sinCcosAcosB – sinAsinBsinC
= sinA cosB cosC – sin A
= cosA cosB cosC [tanA + tanB + tanC – tanA tanB tanC]
(j) cos (A+B+C) = cosA cosB cosC – sinA sinB cosC – sinA cosB sinC – cosA sinB sinC
= cos A – sin A sin B cos C
= cos A cos B cos C [1 – tan A tan B – tan B tan C – tan C tan A ]
tan A tan B tan C tan A tan Btan C S1 S3
(k) tan (A + B+ C)
1 tan A tan B tan Btan C tan C tan A 1 S2
S1 S3 S5 ......
(l) tan ( 1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n) =
1 S2 S4 .......
where Si denotes sum of product of tangent of angles taken i at a time
4.1 Some more results :
(a) sin (A + B). sin(A – B) = sin2 A – sin2 B = cos2 B – cos2 A
(b) cos (A+B). cos (A – B) = cos2 A – sin2 B = cos2 B – sin2 A
(c) sin (A+ B) + sin (A – B) = 2 sin A cos B
(d) sin (A + B) – sin (A – B) 2 cos A sin B
(e) cos (A + B) + cos (A – B) = 2 cos A cos B
(f) cos (A – B) – cos (A + B) = 2 sin A sin B
C D C D
(g) sin C + sin D = 2 sin cos
2 2
C D C D
(h) sin C – sin D = 2 cos sin
2 2
C D C D
(i) cos C + cos D = 2 cos cos
2 2
C D C D
(j) cos C – cos D = – 2 sin sin
2 2
4
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Trigonometry
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 4.1 : Prove that 3 cosec20° – sec20° = 4.
3 1 3 cos20 sin 20
Solution : L.H.S. =
sin 20 cos20 sin 20 .cos20
3 1
4 cos20 sin 20
2 2 4(sin 60.cos20 cos60 .sin 20 )
= =
2 sin 20 cos20 sin 40
sin(60 20 ) sin 40
= 4. 4. 4 R.H.S.
sin 40 sin 40
Example 4.2 : Prove that tan70° = cot70° + 2cot40°.
tan 20 tan 50
Solution : L.H.S. = tan 70 tan(20 50 )
1 tan 20 tan 50
or tan70° – tan20° tan50° tan70° = tan20° + tan50°
or tan70° = tan70° tan50° tan20° + tan20° + tan50° = 2 tan 50° + tan20°
= cot70° + 2cot40° = R.H.S.
Example 4.3 : Prove that sin (45º + A) cos (45º – B) + cos (45º + A) sin (45º – B) = cos (A – B)
Solution : Clearly sin (45º + A) cos (45º – B) + cos (45º + A) sin (45º – B)
= sin (45º + A + 45º – B) = sin (90º + A – B) = cos (A – B)
A A 1
Example 4.4 : Show that : sin2 – sin2 = sin A
8 2 8 2 2
A A A A 1
Solution : LHS = sin – sin – = sin . sinA = sinA = RHS
8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 4 2
Example 4.5 : Prove that sin 5A + sin 3A = 2sin 4A cos A

Solution : L.H.S. sin 5A + sin 3A = 2sin 4A cos A = R.H.S.
C D C D
[ sin C + sin D = 2 sin cos ]
2 2
Example 4.6 : Find the value of 2 sin 3 cos – sin 4 – sin 2
Solution : 2 sin 3 cos – sin 4 – sin 2 = 2 sin 3 cos – [2 sin 3 cos ]=0
Example 4.7 : Prove that

sin 8 cos sin 6 cos3
(a) = tan 2
cos2 cos sin 3 sin 4
tan 5 tan 3
(b) = 4 cos 2 cos 4
tan 5 tan 3
2 sin 8 cos 2sin 6 cos3
Solution : (a)
2 cos2 cos 2sin 3 sin 4
sin 9 sin 7 sin 9 sin 3 2 sin 2 cos5

= = = tan 2
cos3 cos cos cos 7 2cos5 cos2
tan 5 tan 3 sin 5 cos3 sin 3 cos5 sin 8
(b) = = = = 4 cos2 cos 4
tan 5 tan 3 sin 5 cos3 sin 3 cos5 sin 2
E 5
3 9
1. If sin A and cos B , 0 A, B , then find the value of the following :
5 41 2
(a) sin(A + B) (b) sin(A – B) (c) cos(A + B) (d) cos(A – B)
2. If x + y = 45°, then prove that :
(a) (1 + tanx)(1 + tany) = 2 (b) (cotx – 1)(coty – 1) = 2
(Remember these results)
A A
3. Prove that 1 + tan A tan = tan A cot – 1 = sec A
2 2
4. Prove that :
sin A sin 2A A sin A 2 sin 3A sin 5A sin 3A
(a) = cot (b) =
cos A cos2A 2 sin 3A 2sin 5A sin 7A sin 5A
5. Prove that :
(a) cos A sin (B – C) + cos B sin (C – A) + cos C sin (A – B) = 0
(b) (sin3A + sinA)sinA + (cos3A – cosA)cosA = 0
187 133 84 156
Answers : 1. (a) (b) (c) (d)
205 205 205 205
5. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF MULTIPLE AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES :

2 tan
(a) sin 2 = 2 sin cos =
1 tan 2
1 tan 2
(b) cos 2 = cos2 – sin2 = 2 cos2 – 1 = 1 – 2 sin2
1 tan 2
(c) 1 + cos 2 = 2 cos2
(d) 1 – cos2 = 2 sin2
1 cos2 sin 2
(e) tan
sin 2 1 cos2
2 tan
(f) tan 2
1 tan 2
(g) sin3 = 3sin – 4sin3 .
(h) cos3 = 4cos3 – 3cos .
3 tan tan 3
(i) tan 3
1 3tan 2
1 cos
(j) sin =±
2 2
1 cos
(k) cos
2 2
1 cos
(l) tan
2 1 cos
6
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Trigonometry
5.1 Important results :
1
(a) sin sin (60° – ) sin (60° + )
sin 3
4
1
(b) cos . cos (60° – ) cos (60° + ) cos3
4
(c) tan tan (60° – ) tan (60° + ) = tan 3
5.2 Trigonometric ratios of some standard angles :
2 3 3 5
18 or 72 or 36 or 54 or 22.5 or 67.5 or 15 or 75 or
10 5 5 10 8 8 12 12
5 1 10 2 5 10 2 5 5 1 2– 2 2 2 3 1 3 1
sin
4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
10 2 5 5 1 5 1 10 2 5 2 2 2– 2 3 1 3 1
cos
4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 5 5 5 5– 5 3 5
tan 2 –1 2 1 2 3 2 3
5 5 3– 5 3 5 5 5
5 5 3 5 3 5 5– 5
cot 2 1 2 –1 2 3 2 3
3– 5 5 5 5 5 3 5
SOLVED EXAMPLE
2cos2A 1
Example 5.1 : Prove that : tan(60 A) tan(60 A) .
2 cos2A 1
Solution : R.H.S. = tan(60° + A) tan(60° – A)
tan 60 tan A tan 60 tan A 3 tan A 3 tan A
=
1 tan 60 tan A 1 tan 60 tan A 1 3 tan A 1 3 tan A
sin 2 A
3
3 tan 2 A cos2 A 3cos2 A sin 2 A 2 cos2 A cos2 A 2 sin 2 A sin 2 A
=
1 3 tan 2 A sin 2 A cos2 A 3sin 2 A 2 cos2 A 2sin 2 A sin 2 A cos 2 A
1 3
cos2 A
2(cos2 A sin 2 A) cos2 A sin 2 A 2 cos2A 1
2 2 2 2
L.H.S.
2(cos A sin A) (sin A cos A) 2 cos2A 1
Example 5.2 : Prove that : tanA + tan(60° + A) + tan(120° + A) = 3tan3A
Solution : L.H.S. = tanA + tan(60° + A) + tan(120° + A)
= tanA + tan(60° + A) + tan{180° –(60° – A)}
= tanA + tan(60° + A) – tan(60° – A) [ tan(180° – ) = –tan ]
tan 60 tan A tan 60 tan A 3 tan A 3 tan A
tan A tan A
1 tan 60 tan A 1 tan 60 tan A 1 3 tan A 1 3 tan A
2 2
3 tan A 3tan A 3 tan A 3 tan A 3tan A 3 tan A
tan A
(1 3 tan A)(1 3 tan A)
8 tan A tan A 3 tan 3 A 8tan A

= tan A
1 3tan 2 A 1 3tan 2 A
9 tan A 3tan 3 A 3 tan A tan 3 A
3 3tan 3A R.H.S.
1 3tan 2 A 1 3tan 2 A
E 7
Example 5.3 : Show that sin12°.sin48°.sin54° = 1/8
1 1 1
Solution : L.H.S. = cos36 cos60 sin 54 cos36 sin 54 sin 54
2 2 2
1 1
= 2 cos36 sin 54 sin 54 sin 90 sin18 sin 54
4 4
1 1
= 1 (sin 54 sin18 ) 1 2sin18 cos36
4 4
1 2sin18 1 sin 36 cos36
= 1 cos18 cos36 1
4 cos18 4 cos18
1 2sin 36 cos36 1 sin 72 1 1 1
= 1 1 1 R.H.S.
4 2 cos18 4 2sin 72 4 2 8

1. Prove that :
sin 2 1 sin 2 cos 2
(a) tan (b) cot
1 cos 2 1 sin 2 cos2
2. Prove that :
(a) cot cot (60° – ) cot (60° + ) = cot 3
(b) cos5 = 16cos5 – 20 cos3 + 5 cos
(c) sin 4 = 4sin cos 3 – 4cos sin3
1
3. Prove that : cos20°cos40°cos60°cos80°=
16
4. If 3 cos x + 2 cos 3x = cos y, 3 sin x + 2 sin 3x = sin y, then the value of cos 2x is
1 1 7
(A) – 1 (B) (C) – (D)
8 8 8
Answers : 4. (A)
6. CONDITIONAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES :

If A + B + C = 180°, then
(a) tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
(b) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1
A B B C C A
(c) tan tan tan tan tan tan 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
(d) cot cot cot cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
(e) sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
(f) cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C =–1–4 cosA cosB cosC
A B C
(g) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
(h) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
(i) (i) If tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C, then A + B + C = n , n
(ii) If tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A = 1, then A + B + C = (2n + 1) ,n

2
8
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Trigonometry
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 6.1 : For all values of , prove that,
cos + cos + cos + cos ( + + ) = 4 cos . cos . cos .

2 2 2
2
Solution : LHS = cos + cos + 2 cos cos
2 2
–
= 2 cos cos cos
2 2 2
– 2 – – – –2
= 4 cos cos cos
2 4 4
= 4 cos cos cos = RHS

2 2 2
Example 6.2 : If x + y + z = show that, sin 2x + sin 2y + sin 2z = 4cosx cosy cosz.
2
Solution : LHS = 2sin – z cos (x – y) + 2 sin z cos z ; x + y = –z

2 2
2 cos z {cos(x – y) + cos(x + y)} ( z= – (x + y))

2
= 2 cos z × 2cosx cosy = 4 cos x cos y cos z
Example 6.3 : If x + y = + z, then prove that sin2x + sin2y – sin2z = 2 sin x sin y cos z.
Solution : LHS = sin2x + sin (y + z) sin(y – z) = sin2x + sin(y+z) sin( – x) = sinx [sin( – (y –z)) + sin(y + z)]
= sinx . 2 siny cos z = 2 sinx siny cosz
1. If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, then find the value of sinA + sinB – sinC – sinD
2. If A + B + C = , then find the value of tanA tanB + tanBtanC + tanC tanA

2
3. If A + B + C = 180°, prove that
B C C A A B
(a) sin(B + 2C) + sin(C + 2A) + sin(A + 2B) = 4sin sin sin
2 2 2
sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C A B C

(b) = 8 sin sin sin .
sin A sin B sin C 2 2 2
Answers : 1. 0 2. 1
E 9
7. TRIGONOMETRIC SERIES:
sin n2 n 1
(a) sin + sin ( + ) + sin ( + 2 ) +...... + sin (n 1) = sin
sin 2 2
sin n2 n 1
(b) cos + cos ( + ) + cos ( + 2 ) +.... + cos (n 1) = cos
sin 2 2
where : 2m , m
sin 2 n
(c) cos . cos 2 . cos22 . cos23 ...... cos2n–1 =
2 n sin
2 (n 1) n
(d) sin sin .....sin n 1
n n n 2
0 n is even
2 (n 1)
(e) cos cos .....cos 1
n n n n 1
n is odd
2
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 7.1 : Prove that :
2 4 6 1
(a) cos cos cos =
7 7 7 8
(b) If is the exterior angle of a regular polygon of n sides and is any constant, then
prove that sin + sin ( + ) + sin ( +2 ) + ............ up to n terms = 0
Solution : (a) By using Series formulae

sin 2 n A
cos A cos2A cos22 A cos23 A..........cos2 n 1 A
2 n sin A
10
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Trigonometry
2 4 6 2 4
LHS = cos cos cos = – cos cos cos
7 7 7 7 7 7
8
sin
7 1
=– = = RHS
23.sin 8
7
(b) LHS = sin + sin ( + ) + sin ( +2 ) + ............ + sin( + (n –1) )
n
sin
= 2 . sin 2 (n 1)
sin 2
2
2
(External angle of regular polygon)
n
n (n 1)2
sin
2 /n 2
So LHS = 2 sin n = 0 = RHS
sin / n 2
Find the summation of the following series
2 4 6
(1) cos + cos + cos
7 7 7
3 5 7 9
(2) cos + cos + cos + cos + cos
11 11 11 11 11
3 5
(3) cos + cos + cos + ...... up to n terms.
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
(4) sin2 + sin3 + sin4 + ..... + sin n , where (n + 2) = 2

2 3
(5) sin sin sin
7 7 7
1 1 1 7
Answers : (1) – (2) (3) (4) 0 (5)
2 2 2 8
E 11
8. DOMAIN, RANGE, GRAPH AND PERIODICITY OF TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS:
Domain Range Graph
y
y = sinx R [–1, 1]
1
0
3 3
x
–2 – 2
2 2 2 2
–1
Fundamental period = 2
y
y = cosx R [–1, 1]
1
0
x
–2 3 – 3 2
2 2 2 2
–1
y
y = tanx R (2n 1) , n
R
2
– 2 0 2
x
– 32 3
2
Fundamental period =
y
y = cotx R – {n , n } R
x
– 0 3 2
2 2 2
Fundamental period =
y = secx R (2n 1) , n ( , 1] [1, )
2
y=cosecx R – {n , n } ( , 1] [1, )
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Trigonometry
Note :
(a) sin = 0 =n , n
(b) sin = 1 = (4n + 1) , n
2
(c) sin = – 1 = (4n – 1) , n
2
(d) cos = 0 = (2n + 1) , n
2
(e) cos = 1 = 2n , n
(f) cos = – 1 = (2n + 1) , n
(g) tan = 0 =n , n
8.1 MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS :

(a) E = a sin + b cos
a b
E= a2 b2 sin cos
2 2 2
a b a b2
b a
Let = sin & = cos
2 2 2
a b a b2
b
E = a2 b2 sin ( + ), where tan =
a
Hence for any real value of ,
– a 2 + b2 E a2 + b2
Hence acos + bsin will always lie in the interval [ a2 b2 , a 2 b2 ] i.e. the maximum
and minimum values are a2 b2 , a2 b2 respectively.
(b) Minimum value of a2 tan2 + b2 cot2 = 2ab where a, b

(c) In case a quadratic in trigononometric ratio is given then the maximum or minimum
values can be obtained by making perfect square.
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 8.1 : Find the maximum and minimum values of trigonometric functions cos 2x + cos2x
Solution : y = cos 2x + cos2x
y = 3 cos2x – 1
0 cos2 x 1
ymax = 3 – 1 = 2
ymin = 0 – 1 = – 1
E 13
Example 8.2 : Prove that : 4 5cos 3cos 3 10 , for all values of .
3
13 3 3
Solution : We have, 5cos + 3cos 5cos + 3cos cos –3sin sin cos – sin
3 3 3 2 2
2 2 2 2
13 3 3 13 3 3 13 3 3
Since, cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
13 3 3
7 cos sin 7
2 2
7 5cos 3cos 7 for all .
3
7 3 5cos 3cos 3 7 3 for all .

3
4 5cos 3cos 3 10 for all .

3
1. Find maximum and minimum value of 5cos + 3sin for all real values of .
6
2. Find the minimum value of cos + cos2 for all real values of .
3. Find maximum and minimum value of cos2 6sin cos 3sin 2 2.
9
Answers : 1. 7 & –7 2. – 3. 4 10 & 4 10
8
9. TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATION :
An equation involving one or more trigonometric ratios of an unknown angle is called a trigonometric
equation.
9.1 Solution of Trigonometric Equation :
A value of the unknown angle which satisfies the given equation is called a solution of the
trigonometric equation.
(a) Principle solution :- The solutions of a trigonometric equation which lie in the interval
[0, 2 ) are called Principal solutions.
1
e.g. Find the Principal solutions of the equation sinx = .
2
Solution :
1
sinx =
2
O
there exists two values

1
i.e. and which lie in [0, 2 ) and whose sine is
2
1 5
Principal solutions of the equation sin x = are ,
2 6 6
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Trigonometry
(b) General solution :- Since all the trigonometric functions are many one & periodic,
hence there are infinite values of for which trigonometric functions have the same
value. All such possible values of for which the given trigonometric function is
satisfied is given by a general formula. Such a general formula is called general solution
of trigonometric equation.
(c) Particular solution :- The solution of the trigonometric equation lying in the given
interval.
9.2 General Solutions of some Trigonometric Equations :

(a) If sin = sin , then = n + (–1)n where , ,n I
2 2
(b) If cos = cos , then = 2n ± n I, [0, ]
(c) If tan = tan , then =n + ,n I, ,
2 2
(d) If sin2 = sin2 or cos2 = cos2 or tan2 = tan2 , then =n ± ,n I
SOLVED EXAMPLE
3 2
Example 9.1 : Solve (i) sin = (ii) sec 2 = – (iii) tan = 2 (iv) 4 tan2 = 3sec2
2 3
3
Solution : (i) sin = sin = sin
2 3
= n + (– 1)n ,n
3
2 3
(ii) sec 2 = – cos2 = –
3 2
5 5
cos2 = cos 2 = 2n ± ,n
6 6
5
=n ± ,n
12
(iii) tan = 2 ............(i)
Let 2 = tan tan = tan
= n + , where = tan–1(2), n
(iv) 4 tan2 = 3sec2 .............(i)
For equation (i) to be defined (2n + 1) ,n

2
equation (i) can be written as:
4sin 2 3
=
cos 2
cos2
(2n + 1) ,n
2
cos 2
0
2
2 2 3
4 sin =3 sin =
2
sin2 = sin2 =n ± ,n
3 3
E 15
1. Find general solutions of the following equations :
1 3 3
(a) sin (b) cos 0 (c) tan 0
2 2 4
(d) cos 22 = 1 (e) 3 sec2 2 (f) cosec 1

2
Answers : 1. (a) n ( 1) n ,n (b) (2n 1) , n

6 3
4n n
(c) ,n (d) ,n
3 2
(e) n ,n (f) 2n ( 1) n 1
,n
12
10. DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS:

10.1 Solving trigonometric equations by factorisation or by reducing them in quadratic
equations.
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 10.1 : Solve : tan2 – (1 + 3 ) tan + 3 =0
Solution : tan2 – (1 + 3 ) tan + 3 =0
(tan – 1)(tan – 3)=0
tan = 1, 3 =n + ,n + .
4 3
Example 10.2 : Solve : 4 cos – 3 sec = 2 tan
3 2sin
Solution : 4 cos – 3 sec = 2 tan 4 cos – = 4 cos2 – 3 = 2 sin
cos cos
4 – 4 sin2 – 3 = 2 sin 4 sin2 + 2 sin – 1 = 0
2
4 16 2 2 5 1 5 5 1 5 1
sin = = = sin = ,
8 8 4 4 4
= –cos 36º, sin 18º
3 3
= –sin 54º, sin 18º = sin , sin = n + (–1)n or n – (–1)n .
10 10 10 10
2 2
Example 10.3 : Solve 2 cos x + 4cosx = 3sin x
Solution : 2cos 2x + 4cosx – 3sin2x = 0

2cos 2x + 4cosx – 3(1– cos2x) = 0
5cos 2x + 4cosx – 3 = 0
2 19 2 19
cos x cos x =0 ........(ii)
5 5
cosx [– 1, 1] x R
2 19
cosx
5
2 19
equation (ii) will be true if cosx =
5
16
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Trigonometry
2 19
cosx = cos , where cos =
5
2 19
x = 2n ± where = cos–1 ,n
5
7
Example 10.4 : Solve the equation sin4x + cos4 x = sinx . cosx.
2
7 7
Solution : sin4x + cos4x = sinx . cosx (sin2x + cos2x)2 – 2sin2x cos 2x = sinx . cosx
2 2
1 7
1 (sin 2x)2 sin 2x 2sin22x + 7sin2x – 4 = 0
2 4
1
(2sin2x –1)(sin2x + 4) = 0 sin2x = or sin2x = –4 (which is not possible)
2
2x = n + (–1)n ,n I
6
n n
i.e., x 1 ,n I
2 12
Example 10.5 : The number of values of x in the interval [0, 5 ] satisfying the equation 3 sin2x – 7 sinx +2 = 0
is-
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 10
Solution : 3sin2x – 7 sinx + 2 = 0
(3sinx – 1)(sinx – 2) =0
sinx 2
1
sin x sin (say)
3
where is the least positive value of x sin =1/3 sin =1/3
5 4
1 3 2
such that sin .
3
5 3 0 2 4
Clearly 0 . We get the solution,
2
x= , ,2 ,3 ,4 and 5 .
Hence total six values in [0, 5 ]
10.2 Trigonometric equations which can be solved by transforming a sum or difference of

trigonometric ratios into their product or vice-versa
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 10.6 : Solve cos3x + sin2x – sin4x = 0
Solution : : cos3x + sin2x – sin4x = 0 cos3x + 2cos3x.sin(– x) = 0
cos3x – 2cos3x.sinx = 0 cos3x (1 – 2sinx) = 0
cos3x = 0 or 1 – 2sinx = 0
1
3x = (2n + 1) ,n or sinx =
2 2
x = (2n + 1) ,n or x = n + (–1)n ,n
6 6
solution of given equation is
(2n + 1) ,n or n + (–1)n ,n
6 6
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Example 10.7 : Solve sin5x.cos3x = sin6x.cos2x
Solution : sin5x.cos3x = sin6x.cos2x 2sin5x.cos3x = 2sin6x.cos2x
sin8x + sin2x = sin8x + sin4x sin4x – sin2x = 0

2sin2x.cos2x – sin2x = 0 sin2x (2cos2x – 1) = 0
sin2x = 0 or 2cos2x – 1 = 0
1
2x = n , n or cos2x =
2
n
x= ,n or 2x = 2n ± ,n
2 3
x=n ± ,n
6
Solution of given equation is
n
,n or n ± ,n
2 6
1
Example 10.8 : Solve : cos cos2 cos3 = ; where 0 .
4
1 1
Solution : (2cos cos3 ) cos2 =
2 4
1
(cos2 + cos4 ) cos2 =
2
1 1
[2cos22 + 2cos4 cos2 ] =
2 2
1 + cos4 + 2cos4 cos2 = 1
cos4 (1+ 2cos2 ) = 0
cos4 = 0 or (1 + 2cos2 ) = 0
Now from the first equation : 2cos4 = 0 = cos( /2)
1
4 = n (2n 1) ,n I
2 8
3 5 7
for n = 0, ; n = 1, ; n = 2, ; n = 3, ( 0 )
8 8 8 8
and from the second equation :
1
cos2 = = –cos( /3) = cos( /3) = cos (2 /3)
2
2 = 2k ± 2 /3 k ± /3, k I
2
again for k = 0, ; k = 1, ( 0 )
3 3
3 5 2 7
, , ,
, ,
8 3 8 8 3 8
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Trigonometry
10.3 Trigonometric Equations of the form a sinx + b cosx = c, where a, b, c R
2 2
Method 1 : Dividing both sides of the equation by a b
x
Method 2 : Changing sinx and cosx in terms of tan
2
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 10.9 : Solve sinx + cosx = 2
Solution : sinx + cosx = 2 ..........(i)
Here a = 1, b = 1.
divide both sides of equation (i) by 2 , we get
1 1
sinx . + cosx. =1 sinx.sin + cosx.cos = 1 cos x =1
2 2 4 4 4
x– = 2n , n x = 2n + ,n
4 4
Solution of given equation is 2n + ,n
4
Example 10.10 : Solve 3cosx + 4sinx = 5
Solution : 3cosx + 4sinx = 5 .........(i)

x x
1 tan 2 2 tan
cosx = 2 & sinx = 2
x x
1 tan 2 1 tan 2
2 2
equation (i) becomes
x x
1 tan 2 2 tan
3 2 +4 2 =5 ........(ii)
2 x 2 x
1 tan 1 tan
2 2
x
Let tan = t
2
1 t2 2t
equation (ii) becomes 3 2
+4 =5
1 t 1 t2
4t2 – 4t + 1 = 0 (2t – 1)2 = 0
1 x
t= t = tan
2 2
x 1 x 1
tan = tan = tan , where tan =
2 2 2 2
x 1
=n + x = 2n + 2 where = tan–1 ,n
2 2
Example 10.11 : Find the number of distinct solutions of secx + tanx = 3 , where 0 x 3 .
Solution : Here, sec x + tanx = 3

1 + sinx = 3 cosx
or 3 cosx – sinx = 1
dividing both sides by a2 b2 i.e. 4 2 , we get
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3 1 1
cosx – sinx =
2 2 2
1 1
cos cos x sin sin x cos x
6 6 2 6 2
As 0 x 3
x 3
6 6 6
7 /3
5 7 /3
x , ,
6 3 3 3
/6
3 13 3 2
x= , ,
6 2 6
3
But at x = , tanx and secx is not defined. 3 + /6
2 5 /3
Total number of solutions are 2.
10.4 Trigonometric equations of the form P(sinx ± cosx, sinx cosx) = 0, where p(y, z) is a
polynomial, can be solved by using the substitution sinx ± cosx = t.
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 10.12 : Solve sin x + cos x = 1 + sin x . cos x
Solution : sin x + cos x = 1 + sin x . cos x ........(i)
Let sin x + cos x = t
sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x . cos x = t2
t2 1
sin x . cos x =
2
t2 1 t2 1
Now put sin x + cos x = t and sin x . cos x = in (i), we get t = 1 +
2 2
t2 – 2t + 1 = 0
t=1
t = sinx + cosx
sinx + cosx = 1 .........(ii)
divide both sides of equation (ii) by 2 , we get
1 1 1
sinx. + cosx. =
2 2 2
cos x = cos
4 4
x– = 2n ±
4 4
(i) if we take positive sign, we get x = 2n + ,n

2
(ii) if we take negative sign, we get
x = 2n , n
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Trigonometry
10.5 Trigonometric equations which can be solved by the use of boundness of the trigonometric
ratios sinx and cosx.
SOLVED EXAMPLE
x x
Example 10.13 : Solve sinx cos 2sin x + 1 sin 2 cos x cos x = 0
4 4
x x
Solution : sinx cos 2sin x + 1 sin 2 cos x cos x = 0 .......(i)
4 4
x x
sinx.cos – 2sin2x + cosx + sin .cosx – 2cos2x = 0
4 4
x x
sin x.cos sin .cos x – 2 (sin2x + cos2x) + cosx = 0
4 4
5x
sin + cosx = 2 ........(ii)
4
5x
Now equation (ii) will be true if sin = 1 and cosx = 1
4
5x
= 2n + , n and x = 2m , m
4 2
(8n 2)
x= ,n ........(iii)
5
and x = 2m , m ........(iv)
Now to find general solution of equation (i)
(8n 2) 5m 1
= 2m 8n + 2 = 10m n =
5 4
if m=1 then n=1
if m=5 then n=6
......... ......... .........
......... ......... .........
if m = 4p – 3, p then n = 5p – 4, p
general solution of given equation can be obtained by substituting either m = 4p – 3
inequation (iv) or n = 5p – 4 in equation (iii)
general solution of equation (i) is (8p – 6) , p
Solve the following equations :

1
(1) cos2 – ( 2 + 1) cos =0
2
(2) (a) 3sinx + 2cos2x = 0 (b) sec22 = 1 – tan2 (c) 7cos 2 + 3sin2 = 4
(3) (a) sin7 = sin3 + sin (b) 5sinx + 6sin2x +5sin3x + sin4x = 0
(c) cos – sin3 = cos2
(4) (a) sinx + 2 = cosx. (b) cosec = 1 + cot

(5) (a) sin2x + 5sinx + 1 + 5cosx = 0
(b) 3cosx + 3sinx + sin3x – cos3x = 0
(c) (1 – sin2x) (cosx – sinx) = 1 – 2sin2x.
(6) sin3x + cos2x = – 2
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(7) If x2 – 4x + 5 – siny = 0, y [0, 2 ) , then -
(A) x = 1, y = 0 (B) x = 1, y = /2 (C) x = 2, y = 0 (D) x = 2, y = /2
1
(8) If sinx + cosx = y , y > 0, x [0, ] , then find the least positive value of x satisfying the
y
given condition.
Answers : (1) 2n ± ,n or 2n ± ,n
3 4
n k 3
(2) (a) x = n + (–1)n+1 ,n I (b) or , n, k I
6 2 2 8
(c) n ,n I
3
n n
(3) (a) ,n or ± ,n
3 2 12
n 2
(b) ,n or 2n ± ,n
2 3
2n
(c) ,n or 2n – ,n or n + ,n
3 2 4
(4) (a) x = 2n – , n I (b) 2m ,m

4 2
(5) (a) n – ,n (b) n – ,n
4 4
(c) 2n + ,n or 2n , n or n + ,n
2 4
(6) (4p – 3) ,p (7) (D) (8) x
2 4
11. TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALITIES :

To solve a trigonometric inequality, transform it into many basic trigonometric inequalities. The
transformation process proceeds exactly the same as in solving trigonometric equations. The common
period of a trigonometric inequality is the least common multiple of all periods of the trigonometric
x
functions presented in the inequality. For example : the trigonometric inequality sin x + sin 2x + cos <1
2
has 4 as common period. Unless specified, the solution set of a trigonometric inequality must be solved,
at least, within one whole common period.
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 11.1 : Find the solution set of inequality sin x > 1/2.
1
Solution : When sinx = , the two values of x between 0 and 2 are /6 and 5 /6.
2
From the graph of y = sin x, it is obvious that between 0 and 2 ,

1
sinx > for /6 < x < 5 /6
2
Hence, sin x > 1/2
2n + /6 < x < 2n + 5 /6, n I
22
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Trigonometry
y
1/2
2
x
–2 – 0 5
6 2 6
–1
5
Thus, the required solution set is 2n ,2n
n I 6 6
a b
Example 11.2 : If the set of all values of x in , satisfying | 4sin x 2| 6 is , then find the
2 2 24 24
a b
value of .
3
Solution : | 4sin x 2| 6
6 4sin x 2 6 6 2 4sin x 6 2
( 6 2) 6 2 5
sin x x for x ,
4 4 12 12 2 2
a b
Comparing with x , we get, a = –10, b = 2
24 24
a b 10 2
4
3 3

(1) Find the solution set of the inequality : cosx –1/2.
(2) Find the complete set of values of x in the interval [0, 2 ] for which 4sin2x – 8sinx + 3 0.
2 2 5
Answers : (1) 2n , 2n (2) ,
n I 3 3 6 6
12. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES:

12.1 introduction :
One of the important application of trigonometry is in finding the height and distance of the
point which are not directly measurable. This is done with the help of trigonometric ratios.
12.2 Angles of Elevation and Depression :

Let OP be a horizontal line in the vertical plane in which an object R is given and let OR be
joined.
R O P
angle of depression
angle of elevation
O P R
Fig. (a) Fig. (b)

In Fig. (a), where the object R is above the horizontal line OP, the angle POR is called the angle
of elevation of the object R as seen from the point O. In Fig. (b) where the object R is below the
horizontal line OP, the angle POR is called the angle of depression of the object R as seen from
the point O.
E 23
Remark :
Unless stated to the contrary, it is assumed that the height of the observer is neglected, and that the
angles of elevation are measured from the ground.
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 12.1: Find the angle of elevation of the sum when the length of shadow of a vertical pole is equal to
its height.
Solution : Let height of the pole AB = h and
length of the shadow of the Pole (AC) = h
B
A h C
AB h
In ABC tan = = =1
AC h
tan = 1
tan = tan 45°
= 45°
Example 12.2 : The shadow of the tower standing on a level ground is found to be 60 metres longer when the
sun's altitude is 30° than when it is 45°. The height of the tower is-
(A) 60 m (B) 30( 3 –1)m (C) 60 3 m (D) 30( 3 +1) m.
Solution :
P
45° 30°
A B 60 m C
AC = h cot 30° = 3 h
AB = h cot 45° = h
BC = AC – AB = h ( 3 –1)
60 = h ( 3 –1)
60 60( 3 +1)
h= = = 30 ( 3 +1)
3 -1 3-1
Example 12.3: The angle of elevation of the tower observed from each of the three point A,B,C on the ground,
forming a triangle is the same angle . If R is the circum - radius of the triangle ABC, then the
height of the tower is-
(A) R sin (B) R cos (C) R cot (D) R tan
Solution : The tower makes equal angles at the vertices of the triangle, therefore foot of the tower is at the
circumcentre.
From OCP, OP is perpendicular to OC.
P
A
O
C
B
OCP =
OP
so tan OP = OA tan
OA
OP = R tan
24
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Trigonometry
1. AB is a vertical pole. The point A of pole AB is on the level ground. C is the middle point of AB. P
is a point on the level ground. The portion BC substends an angle at P. If AP = n AB, then find
value of tan
2. The top of a hill observed from the top and bottom of a building of height h is at angles of elevation
p and q respectively. Find the height of the hill.
3. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower standing on a horizontal plane from a point A is .
After walking a distance d towards the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation is found to be .
Find the height of the tower
4. The length of the shadow of a vertical pole of height h, thrown by the sun's rays at three different
moments are h, 2h and 3h. Find the sum of the angles of elevation of the rays at these three
moments.
n h cot p d sin sin
Answers : 1. 2
2. 3. 4.
2n + 1 cot p cot q sin( ) 2
13. SOLUTION OF TRIANGLE :

The process of calculating the sides and angles of triangle using given information is called solution of
triangle. In a ABC, in general the angles are denoted by capital letters A, B and C and the length of the
sides opposite these angle are denoted by small letter a, b and c respectively.
13.1. Sine Formulae:
In any triangle ABC
a b c
2R where R is circumradius.
sin A sin B sin C
13.2 Cosine Formulae :
b2
c2 a 2 c 2 a 2 b2 a2 b2 c 2
(a) cos A (b) cos B (c) cosC
2bc 2ca 2ab
or a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cosA, b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cosB, c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cosC
13.3 Area of Triangle
1 1 1 1 1 1
s(s a)(s b)(s c) bcsin A ca sin B absin C ap1 bp 2 cp3
2 2 2 2 2 2
where p1,p2,p3 are altitudes from vertices A,B,C respectively.
13.4 Circumradius and Inradius
a b c abc
R = distance of O from vertices and
2sin A 2 sin B 2sin C 4
r = distance of I from sides

s
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example 13.1 : Angles of a triangle are in 4 : 1 : 1 ratio, then find the ratio between its greatest side and
perimeter.
Solution : Angles are in ratio 4 : 1 : 1.
angles are 120°, 30°, 30°.

If sides opposite to these angles are a, b, c respectively, then a will be the greatest side. Now
a b c
from sine formula
sin120 sin 30 sin 30
E 25
a b c a b c
k (say)
3/2 1/2 1/2 3 1 1
then a= 3k , perimeter = (2 3)k
3k 3
required ratio =
(2 3)k 2 3
Example 13.2 : In triangle ABC, if b = 3, c = 4 and B = /3, then find the number of such triangles.
sin B sin C
Solution : Using sine formulae
b c
sin / 3 sin C 3 sin C 2
sin C = > 1 which is not possible.
3 4 6 4 3
Hence there exist no triangle with given elements.
A B
cos
a b 2
Example 13.3 : In any ABC, prove that = .
c C
sin
2
a b c
Solution : Since = = = k (let)
sin A sin B sin C
a = k sinA, b = k sinB and c = k sinC
a b k(sin A sin B)
L.H.S. = =
c k sin C
A B A B C A B A B
sin cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
= = = = R.H.S.
C C C C C
sin cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2 2
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Example 13.4 : In a triangle ABC, if B = 30° and c = 3 b, then find angle A (where A > 45º)
c2 a 2 b2 3 3b2 a2 b2
Solution : We have cos B =
2ca 2 2 3b a
a2 – 3ab + 2b2 = 0 (a – 2b) (a – b) = 0
Either a = b A = 30°
or a = 2b a = 4b2 = b2 + c2
2
A = 90°.
Example 13.5: In a ABC, prove that a (b cos C – c cos B) = b2 – c2
a2 b2 c 2 a2 c 2 b2
Solution : Since cosC = & cos B =
2ab 2ac
a2 b2 c 2 a2 c 2 b2
L.H.S. = a b c
2ab 2ac
a2
b2 c 2 (a 2 c 2 b2 )
= – = (b2 – c2) = R.H.S.
2 2
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S.
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Trigonometry
Example 13.6: In a ABC, prove that
s
(i) sinA + sinB + sinC =
R
1 1 1 1 4R
(ii) + + – =
s a s b s c s
a b c
Solution : (i) In a ABC, we know that = = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
a b c
sin A = , sinB = and sinC = .
2R 2R 2R
a b c 2s
sinA + sinB + sinC = = a + b + c = 2s
2R 2R
s
sinA + sinB + sinC = .
R
1 1 1 1 4R
(ii) + + – =
s a s b s c s
1 1 1
1
L.H.S. = +
s a s b s c s
2s a b (s s c)
= + 2s = a + b + c
(s a)(s b) s(s c)
c c
= +
(s a)(s b) s(s c)
s(s c) (s a)(s b) 2s2 s(a b c) ab

=c =c 2
s(s a)(s b)(s c)
2s2 s(2s) ab abc 4R 4R abc

L.H.S. = c 2
= 2
= 2
= R=
4
abc = 4R
4R
L.H.S. = = R.H.S.
Example 13.7: In a ABC if a = 13 cm, b = 14 cm and c = 15 cm, then find its circumradius.
abc
Solution : R= .......(i)
4
= s(s a)(s b)(s c)

a b c
s= = 21 cm
2
= 21 8 7 6 = 72 4 2 32 = 84 cm2
13 14 15 65 65
R= = cm R= cm. Ans.
4 84 8 8
E 27
Example 13.8: In a triangle ABC, if a : b : c = 4 : 5 : 6, then find the ratio between its circumradius and
inradius.
R abc (abc)s R abc
Solution : 2
....(i)
r 4 s 4 r 4(s a)(s b)(s c)
a b c
a:b:c=4:5:6 = k (say)
4 5 6
a = 4k, b = 5k, c = 6k
a b c 15k 7k 5k 3k
s ,s–a= ,s–b= ,s–c=
2 2 2 2 2
R (4k)(5k)(6k) 16
using (i) in these values
r 7k 5k 3k 7
4
2 2 2
Problems for Self Practice :
1. If in a ABC, A and b : c = 2 : 3 , find B.

6
sin A sin(A B)
2. If in a ABC, , show that a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
sin C sin(B C)
3. The sides of a triangle ABC are a, b, a2 ab b 2 , then prove that the greatest angle is 120°.
cos A cos B cos C a2 b2 c 2
4. In any ABC, prove that
a b c 2abc
5. If in ABC, a = 3, b = 4 and c = 5, find
(a) (b) R (c) r
5
Answers : 1. 90º 5. (a) 6 (b) (c) 1
2
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Trigonometry
EXERCISE-1 (PART-I) SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Marked questions are recommended for Revision.
Section (A) : Trigonometric Ratios of Allied angle & Basic Identities

A-1. Find the radian measures corresponding to the following degree measures
(i) 75º (ii) 210° (iii) 860°
A-2. Find the degree measures corresponding to the following radian measures
5 2 11
(i) (ii) 8 (iii) (iv)
6 3 12
A-3. Find the value of :
2 3 7 5
(i) sin2 + cos2 – tan2 (ii) 2 sin2 – cosec cos 2
6 3 4 6 6 3
5 4 5 11
(iii) 3 cos2 + sec + 5 tan2 (iv) cot2 + cosec + 3 tan2
4 3 3 6 6 6
A-4. Find the value of :
(i) cos 570° (ii) sin 675° (iii) tan (–390°) (iv) cot 585°
A-5. Prove that
cos(3 ) cos(2 )
(i) = cot2 .
sin(5 ) cos
2
(ii) cos + sin (270° + ) – sin (270° – ) + cos (180° + ) = 0.
3 3
(iii) cos cos (2 + ) cot cot (2 ) = 1.
2 2
sin(180º ) tan(90º )
A-6. If tan = – 5/12, lies in the second quadrant, then find the value of .
sec(90º ) cosec( )
A-7. Eliminate from the relations a sec – x tan = y and b sec + y tan = x
A-8. Prove that :

(i) (cosec – sin ) (sec – cos ) (tan + cot ) = 1
2
2sin tan (1 tan ) 2 sin sec 2sin
(ii) 2
=
(1 tan ) (1 tan )
cos A cosecA sin Asec A
(iii) = cosec A – sec A
cos A sin A
1 1 1 1
(iv) – = –
sec tan cos cos sec tan
Section (B) : Trigonometric Ratios of Sum & Difference of Angles :

B-1. Show that :
(i) sin 10° . cos 50° + cos 10° . sin 50° = 3 /2
(ii) cos 100° . cos 200° – sin 100° . sin 200º = 1/2
B-2. Find value of :

(i) cos2 15º – cos2 75º (ii) cos2 45º – sin2 15º
B-3. If cos25º + sin 25º = k then find value of cos20º in terms of k.
B-4. Show that : cos² + cos² ( + ) 2cos cos cos ( + ) = sin² .
E 29
9 5
B-5. Show that : sin cos 3 – sin 2 cos = cos 5 sin .
2 2 2
0
1
B-6. If A + B = 450, prove that (1 + tanA)(1 + tan B) = 2 and hence deduce that tan 22 = 2–1
2
B-7. If tan x + tan y = 25 and cot x + cot y = 30, then the value of tan(x + y) is
2cos40 cos20
B-8. Find the value of
sin 20
Section (C) : Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple & Submultiple Angles :

C-1. Prove that
sin 2 A sin 2 B
(i) = tan (A + B)
sin A cos A sin Bcos B
4 cos2A
(ii) cot (A + 15º) – tan (A – 15º) =
1 2sin 2A
C-2. Prove that
1 cot 2
4 9
(i) cos cot 4 sec = cosec 4 . `
2 2 2
1 cot
4
1 1
(ii) = cot 2
tan 3 tan cot 3 cot
sec8A 1 tan 8A
(iii) =
sec 4A 1 tan 2A
cosA sin A cos A sin A
(iv) – = 2 tan 2A
cos A sin A cosA sin A
sin 3A cos3A
C-3. Prove that 2
sin A cos A
sin 3
C-4. Prove that sin = and hence deduce the value of sin 15°.
1 2 cos2
C-5. Prove that :

tan 3x 2 cos2x 1 2sin x tan x
(i) (ii) =1
tan x 2 cos2x 1 sin 3x tan 3x
C-6. Prove that :
1 3
sin sin (60º + ) sin(60º – ) = sin 3 and hence deduce that sin 20º sin 40º sin 60º sin 80º =
4 16
C-7. Find the value of
(i) 4 cos 72º cos 36º (ii) sin2 72º – sin2 54º
(iii) cos2 48º – sin2 12º
a b
C-8. If the value of the expression sin25°. sin35°.sin85° can be expressed as , where a,b,c N and
c
are in their lowest form, find the value of (a + b + c).
C-9. Find the value of (4 cos 29° – 3) (4 cos227° – 3)(4 cos281° – 3)(4 cos2243° – 3)
C-10. Prove that : tan 20° . tan 40° . tan 60° . tan 80° = 3
30 E
Trigonometry
C-11. Find the value of
3 5 7 3 5 7
(i) sin 4 sin 4 sin 4 sin 4 (ii) cos6 cos6 cos6 cos6
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
3 5 7
(iii) tan 2 tan 2 tan 2 tan 2
16 16 16 16
C-12. Calculate without using trigonometric tables :

(a) 4cos20 3 cot 20 (b) tan10° – tan50° + tan70°
Section (D) : Trigonometric series and conditional identities

D-1. Prove that :
3 5 7 9 1
(i) cos + cos + cos + cos + cos =
11 11 11 11 11 2
2 3 4 5 1
(ii) cos cos cos cos cos =
11 11 11 11 11 32
n sin n cos(n 1)
D-2. Prove that sin2 + sin2 2 + sin2 3 + ....... + sin2 n = –
2 2sin
2 3
D-3. Find the value of tan 2 tan 2 tan 2
7 7 7
D-4. If A + B + C = then prove that
A B C A B C
sin + sin + sin = 1 + 4sin sin sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
D-5. If x + y = + z, then prove that sin2x + sin2y – sin2z = 2 sin x sin y cos z.
D-6. If A + B + C = 2S then prove that

A B C
cos (S – A) + cos(S – B) + cos (S – C) + cos S = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
cosA cosB cosC
D-7. If A, B, C are angle of triangle then show that =2
sin Bsin C sin Asin C sin Asin B
sin 80º sin 65ºsin 35º
D-8. Find the value of
sin 20º sin 50º sin110º
Section (E) : Graph & Range of Trigonometric Function

E-1. Sketch the following graphs :
x
(i) y = 3sin 2x (ii) y = 2 tan x (iii) y = sin
2
2 2
E-2. Find the extreme values of sin x sin x sin x
3 3
E-3. Find the maximum and minimum values of following trigonometric functions
1 27cos 2x.81sin 2x
(i) cos 2x + 4 sin x (ii) (iii)
3sin x 4 cos x 6
E-4. Find the greatest and least value of y

(i) y = 10 cos²x 6 sin x cos x + 2 sin²x
(ii) y = 3 cos + 5 cos +3

3
E 31
13
E-5. If the equation sin4x – 3 sin2x + – a = 0 has atleast one solution then the number of integral value(s)
4
of a is
3
E-6. The number of roots of the equation cot x = + x in , is
2 2
Section (F) : Trigonometric Equations and Inequations

F-1. What are the general values of which satisfy the equations :
1
(i) cos = (ii) cot (x – 1) = 3
2
(iii) tan = 2 (iv) cosec = 2.
2 2
(v) 2cot = cosec
F-2. Solve %
(i) sin9 = sin3 (ii) cot + tan = 2cosec (iii) sin4 = cos3
(iv) cot = tan10 (v) cot – tan = 2. (vi) cosec = cot + 3.
(vii) tan2 tan3 = 1 (viii) tan + tan2 + 3 tan tan2 = 3.
F-3. Solve the following equations
(i) (2 sin x – cos x) (1 + cos x) = sin2x
(ii) 6 – 10cosx = 3sin2x
(iii) 5sin2x – 7sinx cosx + 16cos2 x = 4
F-4. Solve
(i) sin + sin3 + sin5 = 0.
(ii) cos + sin = cos 2 + sin 2 .
(iii) cos2 x + cos2 2 x + cos2 3 x = 1 .
(iv) sin2n – sin2(n – 1) = sin2 , where n is constant and n 0, 1
F-5. Solve
(i) 3 sin – cos = 2
(ii) sin x + cos x = 1 + sin x. cos x.
(iii) 3 cos x + 4 sin x = 5
F-6. If 0 x 4 , 0 y 4 and cos x . sin y = 1, then find the possible number of values of the ordered
pair (x, y)
F-7. Find the number of values of x satisfying the equation 2 sin x = 3 x2 + 2 x + 3.

F-8. Find the values of lying between 0 and for which the inequality : tan > tan3 is valid.
F-9. Solve 2sin2x – sinx – 1 > 0
1 3
F-10. Solve : sin x cos x 0
2 2
Section (G) : Heights and Distances
G-1. Two pillars of equal height stand on either side of a roadway which is 60 m wide. At a point in the
roadway between the pillars, the angle of elevation of the top of pillars are 60º and 30º. Then find height
of pillars -
G-2. At a point on level ground, the angle of elevation of a vertical tower is found to be such that its tangent
5 3
is . On walking 192 metres towards the tower, the tangent of the angle of elevation is . Find the
12 4
height of the tower.
32 E
Trigonometry
G-3. A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is surmounted by a vertical flag staff of height h. At a
point on the plane, the angle of elevation of the bottom and the top of the flag staff are and
h tan
respectively. Prove that the height of tower is .
tan tan
G-4. From the top of a cliff 25 m high the angle of elevation of a tower is found to be equal to the angle of
depression of the foot of the tower. Then find height of the tower -
Section (H) : Solution of Triangle
H-1. In a ABC, prove that :
(i) a sin (B – C) + b sin (C – A) + c sin (A – B) = 0
(ii) 2(bc cos A + ca cos B + ab cos C) = a2 + b2 + c2
C C
(iii) (a – b)2 cos2 + (a + b)2 sin2 = c2
2 2
(iv) b2 sin 2C + c2 sin 2B = 2bc sin A
sin B c a cos B
(v) =
sin C b a cosC
H-2. The angles of a ABC are in A.P. (order being A, B, C) and it is being given that b : c = 3 : 2 , then
find A.
H-3. If K is a point on the side BC of an equilateral triangle ABC and if BAK = 15°, then find the ratio of
AK
lengths .
AB
H-4. In a triangle tan A : tan B : tan C = 1 : 2 : 3, then find the ratio a2 : b2 : c2
H-5. If the sides of a triangle are sin , cos , 1 sin cos ,0 , then find the largest angle
2
H-6. Let a, b and c be the sides of a ABC. If a2, b2 and c2 are the roots of the equation
cos A cos B cosC
x3 – Px2 + Qx – R = 0, where P, Q & R are constants, then find the value of + + in
a b c
terms of P, Q and R.
H-7. A regular hexagon & a regular dodecagon are inscribed in the same circle. If the side of the dodecagon
4
is 3 1 , if the side of the hexagon is k , then find value of k.
H-8. If n is the area of n sided regular polygon inscribed in a circle of unit radius and On be the area of the
2 2
2I n – O n 2I n
polygon circumscribing the given circle, prove that n= =1
On n
H-9. In any ABC, prove that
(i) R r (sin A + sin B + sin C) =
(ii) a cos B cos C + b cos C cos A + c cos A cos B =

R
1 1 1 1
(iii) + + = .
ab bc ca 2Rr
E 33
EXERCISE-1 (PART-II) OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Trigonometric Ratios of Allied angle & Basic Identities
5 7 3
tan x . cos x sin 3 x
2 2 2
A-1. when simplified reduces to:
3
cos x . tan x
2 2
(A) sin x cos x (B) sin2 x (C) sin x cos x (D) sin2x
3
A-2. The expression 3 sin 4 sin 4 (5 ) – 2 sin 6 sin 6 (3 ) is equal to
2 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) sin 4 + sin 6
1 1
A-3 If sin = – and tan = then is equal to -
2 3
(A) 30° (B) 150° (C) 210° (D) 120º
A-4. The value of tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° ... tan 89° is
1
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D)
2
2 4
A-5. If x = y cos = z cos , then xy + yz + zx is equal to
3 3
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
3
A-6. If 0° < x < 90° & cosx = , then the value of log10 sin x + log10 cos x + log10tan x is
10
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) 2
11 9 3 17
A-7. Find the value of tan 2sincosec 2 4 cos 2 is
3 3 4 4 6
3 2 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
A-8. If cosec A + cotA = 11/2 then tanA is equal to
111 44 44 117
(A) (B) (C) (D)
44 117 125 125
2 2
A-9. If a cos + b sin = 3 & a sin b cos = 4 then a + b has the value equal to :-
(A) 25 (B) 14 (C) 7 (D) 10
Section (B) : Trigonometric Ratios of Sum & Difference of Angles :
cos66 cos6 sin 6 cos24
B-1. The value of is
sin 21 cos 39 sin 39 sin 69
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
B-2. If tan A and tan B are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 ax + b = 0, then the value of sin2 (A + B).
a2 a2 a2 a2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a2 (1 b)2 a2 b2 (b c)2 b2 (1 a)2
B-3. If tan A – tan B = x and cot B – cot A = y, then cot (A – B) is equal to

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) – (B) – (C) + (D)
y x x y x y x y
34 E
Trigonometry
tan155 tan115
B-4. If tan 25° = x, then is equal to
1 tan155 tan115
1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2x 2x 1 x2 1 x2
cot A cot B
B-5. If A + B = 225°, then the value of . is
1 cot A 1 cot B
1 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) 3 (D)
2 3
tan(A B)
B-6. If sin2A = sin2B, then value of =
tan(A B)
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 1 2
sin 23 – sin 3
B-7. If = then value of is equal to :-
19 sin16 sin 4
1
(A) 1 (B) (C) –1 (D) 2
2
B-8. Value of expression cos 2 73º + cos2 47º + cos 73º cos 47º is equal to :-
1 3
(A) (B) 2 (C) (D) 1
4 4
B-9. The value of tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A is equal to

(A) tan 3A tan 2A tan A
(B) – tan 3A tan 2A tan A
(C) tan A tan 2A – tan 2A tan 3A – tan 3A tan A
(D) none of these
Section (C) : Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple & Submultiple Angles :

C-1. If A lies in the third quadrant and 3 tan A – 4 = 0, then 5 sin 2A + 3sinA + 4 cosA is equal to
24 24 48
(A) 0 (B) – (C) (D)
5 5 5
C-2. If cos A = 3/4, then the value of 16cos2 (A/2) – 32 sin (A/2) sin (5A/2) is
(A) – 4 (B) – 3 (C) 3 (D) 4
sin 5 sin 2 sin
C-3. is equal to -
cos5 2 cos3 2 cos2 cos
(A) tan (B) cos (C) cot (D) sin
C-4. If tan2 = 2 tan2 + 1, then the value of cos 2 + sin2 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) – 1 (D) Independent of
1 1
C-5. The value of – is
sin 20 3 cos 20
2 3 4 3
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) 1
3 3
3 7 9
C-6. The value of the expression 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos is
10 10 10 10
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 0
8 16 4
E 35
1 1
C-7. sin 67 + cos 67 is equal to
2 2
1 1 1 1
(A) 4 2 2 (B) 4 2 2 (C) 4 2 2 (D) 4 2 2
2 2 4 4
C-8. Find exact value of sin78° – sin66° – sin42° + sin6° is :-
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) – (D) 1
2 4 2
C-9. If A = cos 6° cos 42° and B = sec 66° sec 78°, then
1 1
(A) A = 8B (B) A = B (C) A = B (D) 3A = 2B
4 16
cos3x 1 sin 3x
C-10. If = for some angle x, 0 x , then the value of for some x, is
cosx 3 2 sin x
7 5 2
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
3 3 3
C-11. If 2 cos + sin = 1, then the value of 4 cos + 3 sin is equal to
(A) 3 (B) –5 (C) (D) – 4
5
Section (D) : Trigonometric series and conditional identities

2 3 4 5 6
D-1. The value of cos + cos + cos + cos + cos + cos is
7 7 7 7 7 7
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/2 (C) 0 (D) 1
2 4 8 16
D-2. The value of cos cos cos cos cos is :
10 10 10 10 10
10 2 5 cos / 10 cos / 10 10 2 5
(A) (B) – (C) (D) –
64 16 16 16
2 4 28
D-3. Find the value of sin sin sin .... sin is equal to
15 15 15
1
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –1 (D)
2
3 5 17
D-4. The value of cos + cos + cos +...... + cos is equal to:
19 19 19 19
(A) 1/2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
2 3 4 5
D-5. The value of tan tan tan tan tan
11 11 11 11 11
(A) 11 5(B) (C) 11 (D) 5
3 5
D-6. The value of sin sin sin is :-
14 14 14
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
16 8 2
3
D-7. If A + B + C = , then cos 2A + cos 2B + cos2C is equal to-
2
(A) 1 – 4cosA cosB cosC (B) 4 sinA sin B sinC
(C) 1 + 2cosA cosB cosC (D) 1 – 4 sinA sinB sinC
36 E
Trigonometry
D-8. In any triangle ABC, sin A – cos B = cos C ( B > C), then angle B is
(A) /2 (B) /3 (C) /4 (D) /6
(tan 35 tan 65 tan80 )sin10 sin 25 sin 55

D-9. Let and a
sin 20 sin 50 sin110
a
b tan10 tan 25 tan 25 tan 55 tan 55 tan10 then is equal to
b
1 1 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 2 4
Section (E) : Graph & Range of Trigonometric Function :

E-1. STATEMENT-1 : sin 2 > sin 3
STATEMENT-2 : If x, y , , x < y, then sin x > sin y

2
(A)STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
E-2. Graph of y = sin x + cos x in x [0, 2 ] is

2
(0,1) (0,1)
3 /4 3 /4
(A) (B)
0 2 0 2
–1
– 2
2
(0,1) (0, 2 )
3 /4 3 /4
(C) (D)
0 2 0 2
–1
–2
E-3. If f( ) = sin4 + cos2 , then range of f( ) is

1 1 3 3
(A) ,1 (B) , (C) ,1 (D) None of these
2 2 4 4
E-4. Find the maximum value of 1 + sin + 2 cos -

4 4
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
E-5. The difference between maximum and minimum value of the expression y = 1 + 2 sin x + 3 cos2 x is
16 13
(A) (B) (C) 7 (D) 8
3 3
E-6. If cosx (sin x + cosx) = k then find maximum value of k for which equation have a solution:-
2 1
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D)
2
E 37
Section (F) : Trigonometric Equations and inequations
1
F-1. The most general solution of tan = – 1 and sin = is :
2
7 3
(A) n + ,n (B) n + (– 1)n ,n
4 4
3 7
(C) 2n + ,n (D) 2n + ,n
4 4
F-2. The solution set of the equation 4sin .cos – 2cos – 2 3 sin + 3 = 0 in the interval (0, 2 ) is
3 7 5 3 5 5 11
(A) , (B) , (C) , , , (D) , ,
4 4 3 3 4 3 3 6 6 6
tan 3x tan 2x
F-3. Number of values of x in (0, 2 ) for which =1 is
1 tan 3x.tan 2x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1
F-4. Number of values of satisfying for sin2 cos = for 0 2 is :-
4
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
1
F-5. If sin , cos and tan are in G.P. then the general solution for is -
6
(A) 2n ,n I (B) 2n ,n I (C) n ,n I (D) n ,n I

3 6 3 4
F-6. Total number of solutions of equation sinx . tan4x = cosx belonging to (0, 2 ) are :
(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 10
F-7. If x [0, ], the number of solutions of the equation sin 7x + sin 4x + sin x = 0 is:
(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 4
cos 3 1
F-8. = if
2 cos 2 1 2
(A) = n + ,n (B) = 2n ± , n (C) = 2n ± , n (D) = n + , n

3 3 6 6
F-9. If sin + 7 cos = 5, then tan ( /2) is a root of the equation
(A) x2 6x + 1 = 0 (B) 6x2 x 1 = 0 (C) 6x2 + x + 1 = 0 (D) x2 x + 6 = 0
x 1
F-10. The number of solution(s) of 2cos2 sin2x = x2+ 2 , 0 x /2, is/are -
2 x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) infinite (D) none of these
1
F-11. Value of x and y which satisfy 2 cos2 x y 2 y 1 / 2 1 is :-
1 n 1
(A) x = n , y = ,n I (B) x = ,y= ,n I
2 2 2
1 1
(C) x = (2n + 1) ,y=– ,n I (D) x = 2n ± ,y= ,n I
2 2 3 2
F-12. The solution of inequality cos 2x cos x is

2 2
(A) x 2n – , 2n (B) x 2n – , 2n
3 3 3 3
2 2
(C) x 2n , 2n (D) x 2n – , 2n
3 3
38 E
Trigonometry
2
F-13. Complete set of values of x in the interval [0, 2 ] for which 4sin x – 8sinx + 3 0
5 5 2
(A) , (B) , (C) 0, (D) None of these
3 3 6 6 3
F-14. Which of the following set of values of x satisfy the inequation tan2x – (1 + 3 ) tan x + 3 <0
4n 1 3n 1 2n 1 2n 1
(A) , , (n Z) (B) , , (n Z)
4 3 4 3
4n 1 4n 1
(C) , , (n Z) (D) x ,
4 3 4 2
F-15. Solution to inequality cos 2x + 5 cos x + 3 0 over [– , ] is
–5 5 –2 2
(A) [– , ] (B) , (C) [0, ] (D) ,
6 6 3 3
Section (G) : Heights and Distances
G-1. A tower subtends an angle of 30° at a point on the same level as its foot, and at a second point h m
above the first, the depression of the foot of tower is 60°. The height of the tower is.
h
(A) h m (B) 3h m (C) 3 h m (D) m.
3
sin
+16cos
2 2
1
G-2. Let be the solution of 16 = 10 in (0, /4). If the shadow of a vertical pole is of its
3
height, then then the altitude of the sun is-
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D)

2 3
G-3. A vertical lamp-post of height 9 metres stands at the corner of a rectangular field. The angle of elevation
of its top from the farthest corner is 30°, while from another corner it is 45°. The area of the field is-
(A) 81 2 m2 (B) 9 2 m2 (C) 81 3 m2 (D) 9 3 m2
G-4. A round ballon of radius r subtends an angle at the eye of the observer, while the angle of elevation of
its centre is . The height of the centre of ballon is-
(A) r cosec sin (B) r sin cosec (C) r sin cosec (D) r cosec sin
2 2 2 2
G-5. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car moving at a uniform speed coming directly towards
it. If it takes 12 minutes for the angle of depression to change from 30º to 45º, then the car will reach the
tower in
(A) 17 minutes 23 seconds (B) 16 minutes 23 seconds
(C) 16 minutes 18 seconds (D) 18 minutes 22 seconds
Section (H) : Solution of Triangle
H-1. In a PQR, P : Q : R = 3 : 5 : 4. Then p + q + r 2 is equal to
(A) 2q (B) 2r (C) 3q (D) 3p
cos P cosQ cos R
H-2. If in a PQR, , then the triangle is :
p q r
(A) right angled (B) isosceles (C) equilateral (D) obtuse angled
2
bc sin A
H-3. In a ABC is equal to
cos A cos BcosC
(A) b2 + c2 (B) bc (C) a2 (D) a2 + bc
E 39
H-4. In a triangle ABC, B = 60° and C = 45°. Let D divides BC internally in the ratio 1 : 3,then value of
sin BAD
is
sin CAD
2 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 6 3
b2 c 2
H-5. If R denotes circumradius, then in ABC, is equal to
2a R
(A) cos (B – C) (B) sin (B – C) (C) cos B – cos C (D) sin(B + C)
H-6. In a triangle ABC, if b = ( 3 1) a and C = 30°, then the value of (A – B) is equal to
(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 75°
H-7. In triangle ABC, if 2b = a + c and A – C = 90°, then sin B equals
7 5 7 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 8 4 3
H-8. In triangle ABC, if sin 3 A sin 3 B sin 3 C 3sin A.sin B.sin C , then triangle is
(A) obtuse angled (B) right angled (C) isoceles right angled (D) equilateral
H-9. The sum of the radii of inscribed and circumscribed circles for an n sided regular polygon of side 'a', is :
a a
(A) a cot (B) cot (C) a cot (D) cot
n 2 2n 2n 4 2n
H-10. For a regular polygon, let r and R be the radii of the inscribed and the circumscribed circles. A false
statement among the following is
r 1 r 2
(A) There is a regular polygon with . (B) There is a regular polygon with .
R 2 R 3
r 3 r 1
(C) There is a regular polygon with . (D) There is a regular polygon with .
R 2 R 2
H-11. In a ABC, if AB = 5 cm, BC = 13 cm and CA = 12 cm, then the distance of vertex ‘A’ from the side
BC is (in cm)
25 60 65 144
(A) (B) (C) (D)
13 13 12 13
EXERCISE-1 (PART-III) MATCH THE COLUMN

1. If and are distinct roots of the equation, a cos + b sin = c such that – 2n then match the
entries of column-I with the entries of column-II
Column – Column –
2b
(A) sin + sin = (P)
a c
c a
(B) sin · sin = (Q)
c a
2bc
(C) tan tan (R) 2
2 2 a b2
c2 a2
(D) tan ·tan (S)
2 2 a2 b2
40 E
Trigonometry
2. Column - I Column - II
(A) tan 9° tan 27° tan 63° + tan 81° (p) 1
(B) cosec 10° – 3 sec 10° (q) 2
sec 5 cos 40
(C) 2 2 sin10 – 2 sin 35 (r) 3
2 sin 5
(D) 3 (cot 70º + 4 cos 70º) (s) 4
3. Column – Column –
1
(A) If for some real x, the equation x + = 2 cos holds, (p) 2
x
then cos is equal to
(B) If cos + sec = 2, then cos2020 + sec2020 is equal to (q) 1
(C) Maximum value of sin4 + cos4 is (r) 0
(D) Least value of 3 sin2 + 2 cos2 is (s) –1

E 41
EXERCISE-2 (PART-I) ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
sin A 3 cos A 5 5
1. If = and = , 0 < A, B < /2, then tan A + tan B is equal to
sin B 2 cos B 2 2
(A) 3 / 5 (B) 5 / 3 (C) 1 (D) ( 5 3) / 5
2 cos 1
2. If cos = then tan · cot has the value equal to {where , (0, )}
2 cos 2 2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 3
3. In a right angled triangle the hypotenuse is 2 2 times the perpendicular drawn from the opposite
vertex. Then the other acute angles of the triangle are
3 3
(A) & (B) & (C) & (D) &
3 6 8 8 4 4 5 10
cos3
4. If cos + cos = a, sin + sin = b and – = 2 , then =
cos
(A) a2 + b2 – 2 (B) a2 + b2 – 3 (C) 3 – a2 – b2 (D) (a2 + b2) /4
5. If x + y = 3 – cos4 and x – y = 4 sin2 then

(A) x4 + y4 = 9 (B) x y 16 (C) x3 + y3 = 2(x2 + y2) (D) x y 2
6. The number of all possible triplets (a1, a2, a3) such that a1 + a2 cos 2x + a3 sin2x = 0 for all x is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
7. The value of (cos4 1º + cos4 2º + cos4 3º + ... + cos4 179º) –(sin4 1º + sin4 2º + sin4 3º + .... + sin4 179º)
equals to :-
(A) 2 cos 1º (B) –1 (C) 2 sin 1º (D) 0
8. tan + 2 tan 2 + 4 tan 4 + 8 cot 8 =

(A) tan (B) cot (C) cot 16 (D) 16 cot
88
1
9. ( 1)K 1
is equal to
k 1 sin (k 1)º sin 2 1º
2
sin 2º cot 2º
(A) tan2º (B) cot 2º (C) (D)
cot 2º sin 2º
A B C
10. In triangle ABC, the minimum value of sec 2 sec 2 sec2 is equal to
2 2 2
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
11. Equation kcosx – 3sinx = k + 1 possess a solution iff

(A) k (– , 4] (B) k [4, ) (C) k (– , 6] (D) k (– , 6) (8, )
12. Number of solution of the equation tan2 +2 3 tan = 1 in [0, 2 ] is :-

(A) (B) (C) (D)

2
13. The general solution of the equation tan x + tan x + tan x = 3 is
3 3
n n n n
(A) ,n (B) ,n (C) ,n (D) ,n
4 12 3 6 3 12 3 4
42 E
Trigonometry
1+sin2x
14. Number of solution of equation (sinx + cosx) = 2, in 0 x is :-
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
15. General solution of equation : tan2 + sec2 + 3 = 2 ( 2 sec tan ) is :-
(A) n + (B) 2n + (C) 2n + (D) 2n

4 4 3 6
16. Number of values of x in [0, 6 ] satisfying trignometric equation 2sin (11x) + cos (3x) + 3 sin (3x) = 0 is
(A) 48 (B) 30 (C) 42 (D) 36
17. The sum of all solution of the equation 2 (cos x + cos 2x) + sin 2x (1 + 2 cos x) = 2 sin x (– x )
is –k then k is equal to
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 4 3
18. The solution of inequality 4tanx – 3.2tanx + 2 0 is
(A) n , n ;n (B) n , n – ;n
4 4
(C) n , n ;n (D) n , n – ;n
6 6
7
19. Solution to the inequation sin6x + cos6x < must be
16
(A) n + <x<n + (B) 2n + < x < 2n +
3 2 3 2
n n
(C) x (D) none of these
2 6 2 3
20. If f [– , ], the solution of 2 sin2 x + 3 cos 2x 0 is
4
–5 5
(A) [– , ] (B) ,
6 6
–7 5 3
(C) [0, ] (D) – , – , ,
12 4 12 4
21. In a ABC, a = 1 and the perimeter is six times the arithmetic mean of the sines of the angles. Then
measure of A is
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 2 6 4
22. In ABC, angle A, B and C are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3, then which of the following is (are) correct?
(A) Circumradius of ABC = c (B) a : b : c = 1 : 2 : 3
3 2
(C) Perimeter of ABC = 3 + 3 (D) Area of ABC = c
8
23. In ABC, angle A is 120°, BC + CA = 20 and AB + BC = 21, then
(A) perimeter of ABC is 32 (B) AB < AC
(C) ABC is isosceles (D) area of ABC = 14 3
24. AD and BE are the medians of a triangle ABC. If AD = 4, DAB = , ABE , then area of
6 3
triangle ABC equals
8 16 32 32
(A) (B) (C) (D) 3
3 3 3 9
E 43
25. A triangle has vertices A, B and C, and the respective opposite sides have lengths a, b and c. This
triangle is inscribed in a circle of radius R. If b = c = 1 and the altitude from A to side BC has length
2
, then R equals
3
1 2 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2 2 2
EXERCISE-2 (PART-II) NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Given 2y cos = x sin and 2x sec – y cosec = 3, then find the value of (x2 + 4y2)
tan
2. If 3 sin =7 sin , then find the value of 2 .
tan
2
3. Given that (1 + tan 1°) (1 + tan2°)....(1 + tan45°) = 2n, find n.
4. In a right angled triangle, acute angles A and B (A < B) satisfy

tan A + tanB + tan2A + tan2B + tan3A + tan3B = 70
A
find the value of
B
1 1 1 k 1
5. If cos = a and cos 3 = a then number of natural numbers 'k' less than 50 is
2 a 2 ak
(given a R)
6. If three angles A, B, C are such that

cos A + cos B + cos C = 0 and if cos A cos B cos C = (cos 3A + cos 3B + cos 3C), then value of 3 is
2 4 8 2 4 8
7. If A = sin + sin + sin and B = cos + cos + cos then A2 + B2 is equal to
7 7 7 7 7 7
8. If 7 = then find exact value of cos + cos2 15 + 2 cos3 8
1
9. If the product (sin 1°) (sin 3°) (sin 5°) (sin 7°)..........(sin 89°) = , then find the value of n.
2n
6
(n–1) n
10. If f( ) cosec + cos ec , where 0 , then find the square of minimum value
n 1
4 4 2
of f( ).
K
cos(3n 1)x cos(3n 2)x
11. Let fK (x) = then find 2f10 5
n 1
1 2 cos(2n 1)x 4
12. In any triangle ABC, which is not right angled cosA .cosecB.cosecC is equal to
13. If M and m denote maximum and minimum value of 49cos2 sin 2 + 49sin 2 cos2 then find
the value of (M + m)
n
14. If 2tan2x – 5 secx – 1 = 0 has 7 different roots interval 0, ,n N, then find sum of all posible
2
values of n.
44 E
Trigonometry
15. Greatest integral values of a for which the equation cos 2x + a sin x = 2a 7 possesses a solution.
16. Value of x satisfying equation log x 2 6x

(sin 3x + sin x) = log x 2 6x
(sin 2x) is – k where m, n are
10 10
coprime then k is equal to
17. If arithmatic mean of all solution of trignometric equation tan2x · tan2 3x · tan 4x = tan2x – tan23x + tan 4x
in [0, ] is k , then find k.
18. Number of solutions of equation tan2x – 3tanx + cot2x – 3cot x + 4 = 0 in [–50 , 50 ] is :-
19. Sum of all the solutions of the inequation 2 – cos7 x sin19 x cos21 x in the interval [–2 , 2 ] is :-
20. Find the number of values of , 0 2 such that the graph of f(x) = 2sin 2 x2 + cot x – 1 and
2 2
g(x) = 2 cos 2 x 2 – tan x cot 2 has exactly one point in common.

2 2
21. If sum of all the solutions of the equation cot x+ cosec x + sec x = tan x in [0, 2 ] is k then find k.
22. Number of value (s) of x [0, 4 ] satisfying the equation cos x – tanx = cot x is
23. In (–3 , 3 ), find the number of solutions of the equation tan + tan 2 + tan 3 = tan .tan2 .tan3
24. Find the number of values of satisfying the equation sin3 = 4sin . sin 2 . sin 4 in 0 2
2
25. Consider the equation for 0 2 ; sin 2 3 cos 2 5 = cos 2 . If greatest value of
6
is k (k, p are coprime), then find k.
26. Find the number of solutions of sin + 2sin2 + 3sin3 + 4sin4 = 10 in(0, 6 ).
27. Number of solution of sinx cosx – 4cosx + 6 sinx –25 > 0 in [0, 4 ] is :-
1/8
1 1
28. Number of solution of the equation (1 sin )1/8 8 7
29/8 (sin )1/8 in [0, 2 ] is :-
sin sin
2
c
29. In ABC, if a = 2b and A = 3B, then the value of is equal to
b
30. If the angle A, B and C of a triangle are in an arithmetic progression and if a, b and c denote the lengths
of the sides opposite to A, B and C respectively, then find the value of expression
2
a c
E sin 2C sin 2A .
c a
31. In triangle ABC, if AC = 8, BC = 7 and D lies between A and B such that AD = 2, BD = 4, then the
value of (CD)2 equals to
32. Given a triangle ABC with AB = 2 and AC = 1. Internal bisector of BAC intersects BC at D.
2
If AD = BD and is the area of triangle ABC, then find the value of 12 .
E 45
EXERCISE-2 (PART-III) ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. Which of the following is correct ?

(A) sin 2° > sin 2 (B) sin 2° < sin 2 (C) cos 2° > cos 2 (D) cos 2° < cos 2
4 4
sin x cos x 1
2. If , then which of the following is/are TRUE ?
5 4 9
4 4
(A) cot2x = (B) tan2 x =
5 5
64 125 125 64
(C) 6 6
1458 (D) = 1458
cos x sin x cos x sin 6 x
6
3. If 2 sec2 – sec4 – 2 cosec2 + cosec4 = 15/4, then tan is equal to

(A) 1/ 2 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/2 2 (D) –1/ 2
4. If Pn = cosn + sinn and Qn = cosn – sinn , then which of the following is/are true.
(A) Pn – Pn – 2 = – sin2 cos 2 Pn – 4 (B) Qn – Qn – 2 = – sin2 cos2 Qn – 4
2 2
(C) P4 = 1 – 2 sin cos (D) Q4 = cos2 – sin2
(cos17
sin17 )
5. The value of is
(cos17
sin17 )
(A) tan 332° (B) tan 28° (C) cot 242° (D) cot 62°
6. If tan2 + 2tan . tan2 = tan2 + 2tan . tan2 , then which of the following can be true
(A) tan2 + 2tan . tan2 = 0 (B) tan + tan =0
2
(C) tan + 2tan . tan2 = 1 (D) tan = tan
7. If the sides of a right angled triangle are {cos2 cos2 + 2cos( + )} and
{sin2 sin2 + 2sin( + )}, then the length of the hypotenuse is:
(A) 2[1+cos( )] (B) 2[1 cos( )] (C) 4 cos2 (D) 4sin2
2 2
2b
8. If tan x = , (a c)
a c
y = a cos2x + 2b sin x cos x + c sin2x
z = a sin2x – 2b sin x cos x + c cos2x, then
(A) y = z (B) y + z = a + c (C) y – z = a – c (D) y – z = (a – c)2 + 4b2
1 cos2x x
9. If 3 1 (tan x) tan sin x = 4, then the value of tanx can be equal to
sin 2x 2
1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) 3 (D)
2 3
10. If sin x + sin y = a and cos x + cos y = b, then which of the following may be true.
2 ab x y 4 a2 b2
(A) sin (x + y) = (B) tan =
a2 b2 2 a2 b2
x y 4 a2 b2 2 ab
(C) tan = – 2 2
(D) cos (x + y) = 2
2 a b a b2
11. If cos x + cos y = a, cos 2x + cos 2y = b, cos 3x + cos 3y = c, then

b a2 b 2
(A) cos2 x + cos2 y = 1 + (B) cos x · cos y =
2 2 4
(C) 2a3 + c = 3a (1 + b) (D) a + b + c = 3abc
46 E
Trigonometry
4 3 5 3
12. If cot x = ,x , and tan y = ,y ,2 then which of the following is(are) correct?
3 2 12 2
56 33
(A) sin(x + y) = (B) cos (x – y) =
65 65
117 119
(C) sin 3x = (D) cos 2y =
125 169
13. (a + 2) sin + (2a – 1) cos = (2a + 1) if tan =

3 4 2a 2a
(A) (B) (C) 2
(D) 2
4 3 a 1 a 1
cosx cos2x cos3x cos4x cos5x cos6x cos7x
14. Let y = , then which of the following hold
sin x sin 2x sin 3x sin 4x sin 5x sin 6x sin 7x
good?
(A) The value of y when x = /8 is not defined. (B) The value of y when x = /16 is 1.
(C) The value of y when x = /32 is 2 1 . (D) The value of y when x = /48 is 2 3.
15. In ABC if sin A sin (B – C) = sin C sin (A – B), then (where A B C)

(A) tan A, tan B, tan C are in AP (B) cot A, cot B, cot C are in AP
(C) cos2A, cos 2B, cos2C are in AP (D) sin 2A, sin2B, sin 2C are in AP
16. If x + y = z, then cos2 x + cos2 y + cos2 z – 2 cos x cos y cos z is equal to

(A) cos2 z (B) sin2 z (C) cos (x + y – z) (D) 1
17. If A, B, C are angle of ABC and tan A tan C = 3, tan B tan C = 6 then :-
(A) A = (B) tan (A + B) = –3
4
1
(C) tan (B –A) = (D) cot (C–A) = 2
3
18. Let S = sec2 sec2 + 4 sec2 cosec2 + 9 cosec2 where , 0, . Which of the following
2
statements is/are true?
(A) The minimum value of S is 36
(B) The minimum value of S is 18
(C) The minimum value of S occurs at , = tan–1 = 2
4
(D) The minimum value of S occurs at = , = tan–1
5
19. If a = , then a can be
1
sin 4 x cos4 x sin 2x 1
2
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
6 6 2
20. The equation sin x + cos x = a has real solution if
1 11 1
(A) a (–1, 1) (B) a 1, (C) a (D) a ,1
2 2 2 2
21. The equation sin x + cos (k + x) + cos (k – x) = 2 has real solution(s), then sin k can be :-
–3 1 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 4
E 47
22. If sin x(3 – 2 cos 2x) = 6 sin2x – 1, then (cos 2x + sin x – 1) is equal to :-
3 –1
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) (D)
2 2
23. If the quardratic equations x2 + (sin ) x + cosec = 0 ( (0, )) and 2x2 + x + c = 0 (where c R)
have a common root, then :-
(A) c = 4 (B) c = 2
(C) sum of all values of is (D) number of solution of is 4
24. If the equation 2(1 + a2) = sin 2 + 2a (sin + cos ) has real solution, then which of the following
statements is (are) true ?
(A) Sum of all possible value of 'a' is zero
(B) 'a' can take only two real values.
(C) Number of values of satisfying the equation in [0, 4 ] are 4.
(D) Number of values of satisfying the equation in [0, 4 ] are 2.
9
25. If (sin x + 2 cos x) (cos x + 2 sin x) = , then x can be equal to :-
2
5 –3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 4 4
26. 4 sin4x + cos4x = 1 if
1 1
(A) x = n ; (n I) (B) x = n ± cos–1 ; (n I)
2 5
n
(C) x = ; (n I) (D) x = – n ; (n I)
2
27. If the expression (cos 3 + sin 3 ) + (2 sin 2 – 3). (sin – cos ) is positive, then equal to :-
3
(A) 2n – ,2n ,n I (B) 2n – , 2n ,n I
4 4 2 6
3 3
(C) 2n – ,2n ,n I (D) 2n – ,2n ,n I
4 4 4 4
28. The general solution of the equation cosx . cos6x = – 1, is :
(A) x = (2n + 1) , n (B) x = 2n , n
(C) x = (2n – 1) , n (D) none of these
29. Which of the following set of values of x satisfy the inequation sin 3x < sin x.
8n 1 8n 1 (8n 1)
(A) , 2n , n (B) , ,n
4 4 4
8n 1 (8n 3) 8n 5
(C) , ,n (D) 2n 1 , ,n
4 4 4
30. Solution set of inequality sin3 x cos x > cos3 x sin x , where x (0, ), is
3 3
(A) , (B) , (C) 0 , (D) ,
4 2 4 4 2 4
31. If in a triangle ABC, cos A cos B + sin A sin B sin C = 1, then the triangle is
(A) isosceles (B) right angled (C) equilateral (D) None of these
4 24
32. Given an acute triangle ABC such that sin C = , tan A = and ab = 50. Then-
5 7
(A) centroid, orthocentre and incentre of ABC are collinear

4
(B) sin B
5
4
(C) sin B
7
(D) area of ABC = 20
48 E
Trigonometry
33. In a triangle ABC, if a = 4, b = 8 C = 60°, then which of the following relations is (are) correct?
(A) The area of triangle ABC is 8 3
(B) The value of sin 2 A 2
2 3
(C) Inradius of triangle ABC is
3 3
4
(D) The length of internal angle bisector of angle C is
3
34. Three equal circles of radius unity touches one another. Radius of the circle touching all the three circles
is :
2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 2 3 2
EXERCISE-2 (PART-IV) COMPREHENSION
Comprehenssion # 1
Consider the polynomial P(x) = (x – cos 36°)(x – cos 84°)(x – cos156°)
1. The coefficient of x2 is
1 5 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – (D)
2 2
2. The coefficient of x is
3 3 3
(A) (B) – (C) – (D) 0
2 2 4
3. The absolute term in P(x) has the value equal to

5 1 5 1 5 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 16 16 16
Comprehenssion # 2
Let p be the product of the sines of the angles of a triangle ABC and q is the product of the cosines
of the angles.
4. In this triangle tan A + tan B + tan C is equal to

p
(A) p + q (B) p – q (C) (D) none of these
q
5. tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A is equal to
1 q 1 p
(A) 1 + q (B) (C) 1 + p (D)
q p
6. tan3 A + tan3 B + tan3 C is
p3 3pq 2 q3 p3 p3 3pq
(A) (B) (C) (D)
q3 p3 q3 q3
Comprehension # 3
Let f(x) = sin6 x + cos6 x + k (sin4 x + cos4 x) for some real number k.
7. All real number k for which f(x) is constant for all values of x is :-
2 –3 5 –3
(A) k = (B) k = (C) k = (D) k
3 2 2 5
E 49
8. All real number k for which there exists a real number 'c' such that f(c) = 0, is :-
–1
(A) –1, (B) [–3, –1] (C) [–2, –1] (D) [0, 1]
2
9. If k = –0.7, then all solutions to the equation f(x) = 0, is
n
(A) x = ,n I (B) x = n ,n I
2 6 6
(C) x = n – ,n I (D) x = n , n I
6
Comprehenssion # 4
In a ABC, in general the angles are denoted by capital letters A, B and C and the length of the sides
opposite these angle are denoted by small letter a, b and c respectively and semi-perimeter of triangle is
a b c
denoted by s and inradius is denoted by r and circumradius is denoted by R
2
A (s b)(s c) B (s c)(s a) C (s a)(s b)
(a) (i) sin (ii) sin (iii) sin
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
A s(s a) B s(s b) C s(s c)
(b) (i) cos (ii) cos (iii) cos
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
A (s b)(s c) B (s c)(s a) C (s a)(s b)
(c) (i) tan (ii) tan (iii) tan
2 s(s a) 2 s(s b) 2 s(s c)
A B C A B C
(d) r (s a) tan (s b) tan (s c) tan 4R sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B 3
10. If in a triangle ABC, b cos2 + a cos2 = c, then a, c, b are :
2 2 2
(A) in A.P. (B) in G.P. (C) in H.P. (D) None
A B C r
11. Find the value of cos2 + cos2 + cos2 –
2 2 2 2R
1
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) (D) 0
2
12. In a triangle ABC, right angled at B, then
AB BC AC AB AC BC
(A) r = (B) r =
2 2
AB BC AC
(C) r = (D) none of these
2
50 E
Trigonometry
EXERCISE-3 (PART-I) JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
1. Let P = { : sin – cos = 2 cos } and Q = { : sin + cos = 2 sin } be two sets. Then
(A) P Q and P Q (B) Q P
(C) P Q (D) P = Q [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1]
2.* Let , [0, 2 ] be such that 2cos (1 – sin ) = sin2 tan cot cos – 1, tan(2 – ) > 0 and
2 2
3
–1 < sin < – . Then cannot satisfy [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1]
2
4 4 3 3
(A) 0 < < (B) < < (C) < < (D) < <2
2 2 3 3 2 2
7 5
3. Let PQR be a triangle of area and c = , where a, b and c are the lengths of the
with a = 2, b =
2 2
2sin P – sin 2P
sides of the triangle opposite to the angles at P, Q and R respectively. Then equals
2sin P sin 2P
[IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2]
2 2
3 45 3 45
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 4 4
1
4.* In a triangle PQR, P is the largest angle and cosP = . Further the incircle of the triangle touches the
3
sides PQ, QR and RP at N, L and M respectively, such that the lengths of PN, QL and RM are
consecutive even integers. Then possible length(s) of the side(s) of the triangle is (are)
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2]
(A) 16 (B) 18 (C) 24 (D) 22
5. For x (0, ), the equation sinx + 2 sin 2x – sin 3x = 3 has

(A) infinitely many solutions (B) three solutions
(C) one solution (D) no solution
6. In a triangle the sum of two sides is x and the product of the same two sides is y. If x2 – c2 = y, where c
is the third side of the triangle, then the ratio of the in-radius to the circum-radius of the triangle is
3y 3y 3y 3y
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2x(x c) 2c(x c) 4x(x c) 4c(x c)
5
7. The number of distinct solutions of the equation cos2 2x + cos4 x + sin4 x + cos6 x + sin6x = 2 in the
4
interval [0, 2 ] is [JEE (Advanced) 2015, Paper-1]
8. Let – < . Suppose 1 and 1 are the roots of the quation x2 – 2x sec + 1 = 0 and
< –
6 12
2
2 and 2 are the roots of the equation x + 2x tan – 1 = 0. If 1 > 1 and 2 > 2, then 1 + 2 equals
[JEE(Advanced)-2016, Paper-1]
(A) 2(sec – tan ) (B) 2sec (C) – 2tan (D) 0
9. Let S x ( , ):x 0, . The sum of all distinct solution of the equation

2
3 sec x cosecx 2(tan x cot x) 0 in the set S is equal to - [JEE(Advanced)-2016, Paper-1]
7 2 5
(A) (B) (C) 0 (D)
9 9 9
E 51
13
1
10. The value of is equal to [JEE(Advanced)-2016, Paper-2]
k 1 sin
(k 1) k
sin
4 6 4 6
(A) 3 3 (B) 2(3 3) (C) 2( 3 1) (D) 2(2 3)
11.* In a triangle XYZ, let x,y,z be the lengths of sides opposite to the angles X,Y,Z, respectively and
s x s y s z 8
2s = x + y + z. If and area of incircle of the triangle XYZ is , then-
4 3 2 3
(A) area of the triangle XYZ is 6 6 [JEE(Advanced)-2016, Paper-1]
35
(B) the radius of circumcircle of the triangle XYZ is 6
6
X Y Z 4
(C) sin sin sin
2 2 2 35
X Y 3
(D) sin 2
2 5
12. Let and be nonzero real numbers such that that 2(cos – cos ) + cos cos = 1. Then which of the
following is/are true? [JEE(Advanced)-2017, Paper - 2]
(A) 3 tan – tan =0 (B) tan – 3 tan =0
2 2 2 2
(C) tan 3 tan =0 (D) 3 tan tan =0

2 2 2 2
13. Let a, b, c be three non-zero real numbers such that the equation 3a cos x 2bsin x c, x – ,
2 2
b
has two distinct real roots and with + = is ______
. Then the value of
3 a
[JEE(Advanced)-2018, , Paper - 1]
14.* In a triangle PQR, let PQR = 30° and the sides PQ and QR have lengths 10 3 and 10, respectively.
Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE ? [JEE(Advanced)-2018, Paper-1]
(A) QPR = 45°
(B) The area of the triangle PQR is 25 3 and QRP = 120°
(C) The radius of the incircle of the triangle PQR is 10 3 15
(D) The area of the circumcircle of the triangle PQR is 100 .
15.* In a non-right-angled triangle PQR, let p, q, r denote the lengths of the sides opposite to the angles at
P, Q, R respectively. The median from R meets the side PQ at S, the perpendicular from P meets the
side QR at E, and RS and PE intersect at O. If p 3 , q = 1, and the radius of the circumcircle of the
PQR equals 1, then which of the following options is/are correct ? [JEE(Advanced)-2019, Paper-1]
3
(A) Area of SOE
12
3
(B) Radius of incircle of PQR (2 3)
2
7
(C) Length of RS
2
1
(D) Length of OE
6
52 E
Trigonometry
16. Let f : [0, 2] R be the function defined by [JEE(Advanced)-2020, Paper-1]
f (x) = (3 – sin(2 x)) sin x– – sin 3 x

4 4
If , [0, 2] are such that {x [0, 2] : f (x) 0} = [ , ], then the value of – is _____
17. Let x, y and z be positive real numbers. Suppose x, y and z are lengths of the sides of a triangle opposite
X Z 2y
to its angles X, Y and Z, respectively. If tan + tan = then which of the following
2 2 x y z
statements is/are TRUE? [JEE(Advanced)-2020, Paper-1]
cot A cot C
18. In a triangle ABC, let AB = 23 , BC = 3 and CA = 4. Then the value of is ___ .
cot B
[JEE(Advanced)-2021, Paper-1]
19. Consider a triangle PQR having sides of lengths p, q and r opposite to the angles P, Q and R,
respectively. Then which of the following statements is (are) TRUE ? [JEE(Advanced)-2021, Paper-2]
p2 q r p r
(A) cos P 1– (B) cos R cos P cos Q
2pr p q p q
q r sin Q sin R p p
(C) 2 (D) If p < q and p < r, then cos Q > and cos R >
p sin P r q
EXERCISE-3 (PART-II) JEE(MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. Let and be two real roots of the equation (k + 1) tan2x – 2. tanx = (1 – k),
where k( –1) and are real numbers. If tan ( + ) = 50, then a value of is ;
2
[JEE(Main) January 07, 2020 (Shift-I)]

(1) 5 (2) 10 (3) 5 2 (4) 10 2
2 sin 1 1 cos2 1
2. If and , , 0, , then tan( + 2 ) is equal to _____.
1 cos2 7 2 10 2
[JEE(Main)- January 08, Shift-II]
n
3. If x 1 tan 2 n and y cos2 n , for 0 , then :
n 0 n 0 4
[JEE(Main)- January 09, 2020 (Shift-II)]
(1) y(1 + x) = 1 (2) x(1 + y) = 1 (3) y(1 – x) = 1 (4) x(1 – y) = 1
4. If the equation cos4 +sin4 + = 0 has real solutions for , then lies in the interval :
[JEE(Main) - September 02, 2020 (Shift-I)]
3 5 1 1 5 1
(1) , (2) , (3) , 1 (4) 1,
2 4 2 4 4 2
5. Two vertical poles AB = 15 m and CD = 10 m are standing apart on a horizontal ground with points A
and C on the ground. If P is the point of intersection of BC and AD, then the height of P (in m) above
the line AC is : [JEE (Main) September 04, 2020 (Shift-I)]
(1) 20/3 (2) 5 (3) 10/3 (4) 6

6. The angle of elevation of the top of a hill from a point on the horizontal plane passing through the foot
of the hill is found to be 45°. After walking a distance of 80 meters towards the top, up a slope inclined
at an angle of 30° to the horizontal plane, the angle of elevation of the top of the hill becomes 75°. Then
the height of the hill (in meters) is. [JEE (Main) September 06, 2020 (Shift-I)]
E 53
2 4
x cos6 x ..... ) log e 2
7. If e(cos x cos satisfies the equation t2 – 9t + 8 = 0, then the value of
2 sin x
0 x is [JEE (Main) February 24, 2021 (Shift-I)]
sin x 3 cos x 2
3 1
(1) 2 3 (2) (3) 3 (4)
2 2
8. The angle of elevation of a jet plane from a point A on the ground is 60°. After a flight of
20 seconds at the speed of 432 km/hour, the angle of elevation changes to 30°. If the jet plane is flying at
a constant height, then its height is : [JEE (Main) February 24, 2021 (Shift-II)]
(1) 1800 3 m (2) 3600 3 m (3) 2400 3 m (4) 1200 3 m
9. If 0 , ,x cos2 n , y sin 2n and z cos2 n sin 2n then :

2 n 0 n 0 n 0
[JEE (Main) February 25, 2021 (Shift-I)]

(1) xy – z = (x + y) z (2) xy + yz + zx = z
(3) xyz = 4 (4) xy + z = (x + y)z
10. All possible values of [0, 2 ] for which sin 2 + tan 2 > 0 lie in :
3 3 7
(1) 0, , (2) 0, , ,
2 2 2 2 4 6
3 3 11 3 5 3 7
(3) 0, , , (4) 0, , , ,
4 2 4 2 6 4 2 4 4 2 4
3
11. If 0 < x, y < and cosx + cosy – cos(x + y) = , then sinx + cosy is equal to :
2
[JEE (Main) February 25, 2021 (Shift-II)]
1 1 3 3 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2 2
12. The number of integral values of 'k' for which the equation 3sinx + 4 cosx = k + 1 has a solution, k R is
13. If 3 cos2 x 3 1 cos x 1 , the number of solutions of the given equation when x 0, is
2
[JEE (Main) February 26 ,2021 (Shift-I)]
1
14. If for x 0, , log10 sinx + log10 cosx = –1 and log10 (sinx + cosx) = (log10 n – 1), n > 0, then the
2 2
value of n is equal to : [JEE (Main) March 16, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(1) 20 (2) 12 (3) 9 (4) 16
sin 2 x cos2 x
15. The number of roots of the equation, 81 81 30 in the interval [0, ] is equal to :
[JEE (Main) March 16, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) 2
16. A pole stands vertically inside a triangular park ABC. Let the angle of elevation of the top of the pole
from each corner of the park be . If the radius of the circumcircle ot ABC is 2, then the height of the
3
pole is equal to : [JEE (Main) March 18, 2021 (Shift-II)]
2 3 1
(1) (2) 2 3 (3) 3 (4)
3 3
54 E
Trigonometry
17. If 15sin4 +10cos4 = 6, for some R, then the value of
27sec6 + 8cosec6
is equal to :
[JEE (Main) March 18, 2021 (Shift-II)]
(1) 350 (2) 500 (3) 400 (4) 250
18. The number of solutions of sin7x + cos7x = 1, x [0, 4 ] is equal to

[JEE (Main) July 22, 2021 (Shift-II)]
(1) 11 (2) 7 (3) 5 (4) 9
19. A spherical gas balloon of radius 16 meter subtends an angle 60° at the eye of the observer A while the
angle of elevation of its center from the eye of A is 75°. Then the height (in meter) of the top most point
of the balloon from the level of the observer's eye is : [JEE (Main) July 27, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(1) 8(2 2 3 2) (2) 8( 6 2 2)
(3) 8( 2 2 3) (4) 8( 6 2 2)
20. The sum of all values of x in [0, 2 ], for which sinx + sin2x + sin3x + sin4x = 0, is equal to :
[JEE (Main) July 25, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(1) 8 (2) 11 (3) 12 (4) 9
1
21. If sin cos , then 16(sin(2 ) + cos(4 ) + sin(6 )) is equal to:
2
[JEE (Main) July 27, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(1) 23 (2) –27 (3) –23 (4) 27
2 3 5 6 7
22. The value of 2sin sin sin sin sin sin is :
8 8 8 8 8 8
[JEE (Main) August 26, 2021 (Shift-II)]
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 2 4 8 8 2
23. cosec18° is a root of the equation : [JEE (Main) August 31, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(1) x2 + 2x – 4 = 0 (2) 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 (3) x2 – 2x + 4 = 0 (4) x2 – 2x – 4 = 0
24. A vertical pole fixed to the horizontal ground is divided in the ratio 3 : 7 by a mark on it with lower part
shorter than the upper part. If the two parts subtend equal angles at a point on the ground 18 m away
from the base of the pole, then the height of the pole (in meters) is :
[JEE (Main) August 31,2021 (Shift-I)]
(1) 12 15 (2) 12 10 (3) 8 10 (4) 6 10
25. If n is the number of solutions of the equation 2 cos x 4 sin x sin x 1 1 ,x [0, ] and S is
4 4
the sum of all these solutions, then the ordered pair (n, S) is :
[JEE (Main) September 01, 2021 (Shift-II)]
(1) (3, 13 / 9) (2) (2, 2 / 3) (3) (2, 8 / 9) (4) (3, 5 / 3)
E 55
26. In a triangle ABC, if BC 8 , CA 7 , AB 10 , then the projection of the vector AB on AC is
equal to : [JEE-Main March 21, 2021 Shift-II]
25 85 127 115
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 14 20 16
1 3
27. If in a triangle ABC, AB = 5 units, B cos and radius of circumcircle of ABC is 5 units,
5
then the area (in sq. units) of ABC is : [JEE-Main July 20, 2021 Shift-I]
(1) 10 6 2 (2) 8 2 2 (3) 6 8 3 (4) 4 2 3
28. In a triangle ABC, if BC 3 , CA 5 and BA 7 , then the projection of the vector BA on BC

is equal to [JEE-Main July 20, 2021 Shift-II]
19 13 11 15
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2 2
sin A sin(A C)
29. Let , where A, B, C are angles of a triangle ABC. If the lengths of the sides opposite
sin B sin(C B)
these angles are a, b, c respectively, then : [JEE-Main August 20, 2021 Shift-II]
2 2 2 2
(1) b – a = a + c (2) b , c2, a2 are in A.P.
2
(3) c2, a2, b2 are in A.P. (4) a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
56 E
Trigonometry
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
PART-I
Section (A) :
5 7 43
A-1. (i) (ii) (iii)
12 6 9
A-2. (i) 150° (ii) 1440° (iii) –120° (iv) 165°
A-3. (i) – 0.5 (ii) 0 (iii) 14.5 (iv) 6
3 1 1
A-4. (i) (ii) – (iii) – (iv) 1
2 2 3
181
A-6. A-7. x2 + y2 = a2 + b2
338
Section (B) :
3/2 3/4 k
B-2. (i) (ii) B-3. B-7. 150
2
B-8. 3
Section (C) :
1 5 1
C-7. (i) 1 (ii) (iii) C-8. 24
4 8
C-9. 1
3 5
C-11. (i) (ii) (iii) 28
2 4
C-12. (a) –1, (b) 3
Section (D) :
D-3. 7 D-8. 1/4
Section (E) :
E-1. (i) (ii)

(iii)
E 57
1 1
E-2. – ,
4 4
1 1
E-3. (i) 3, –5 (ii) 1, (iii) 243,
11 243
E-4. (i) ymax = 11; ymin = 1 (ii) ymax = 10; ymin = – 4
E-5. 2 E-6. 3
Section (F) :
F-1. (i) 2n ± ,n (ii) n + +1, n (iii) n + tan–1 (2), n

4 6
(iv) n + (– 1)n ,n (v) n ± ,n

6 4
m (2m 1)
F-2. (i) ,m or , m (ii) 2n ± , n
3 12 3
1 1
(iii) 2n ,n or 2n – ,n (iv) n ,n
2 7 2 2 11
1 2
(v) n ,n (vi) 2n + ,n (vii) (2n 1) ,n
4 2 3 10
1
(viii) n ,n
3 3
1
F-3. (i) k + (–1)k , (2k + 1) , k I (ii) 2n ± cos–1 ,n I
6 3
(iii) n + tan–1 3 or n + tan–1 4, n I.
n 1 2n
F-4. (i) ,n or n ,n (ii) 2 n , n or + ,n
3 3 3 6
(iii) x = (2 n 1) ,n or x = (2 n 1) ,n or x = n ± ,n
4 2 6
m 1
(iv) m , m or ,m or m ,m
n 1 2 n
2 1
F-5. (i) 2n + ,n (ii) 2n , (4n + 1) ,n I (iii) 2n + 2tan–1 ,n I
3 2 2
3
F-6. 10 F-7. 0.00 F-8. 0, ,
4 2 4
7 11 7
F-9. 2n , 2n F-10. 2n , 2n ,n I
6 6 6 6
Section (G) :
G-1. 15 3 m G-2. 180 m G-4. 50 m
58 E
Trigonometry
Section (H) :
2 3 3
H-2. 75° H-3. H-4. 5:8:9 H-5. 120°
2
P
H-6. H-7. 4
2 R
PART-II
Section (A) :
A-1. (D) A-2. (B) A-3 (C) A-4. (A) A-5 (B) A-6 (C) A-7 (A)
A-8. (B) A-9. (A)
Section (B) :
B-1. (A) B-2. (A) B-3. (C) B-4. (A) B-5. (B) B-6. (A) B-7. (C)
B-8. (C) B-9. (A)
Section (C) :
C-1. (A) C-2. (C) C-3. (A) C-4. (D) C-5. (B) C-6. (B) C-7. (A)
C-8. (C) C-9. (C) C-10. (A) C-11. (A)
Section (D) :
D-1. (C) D-2. (B) D-3. (B) D-4. (A) D-5. (A) D-6. (B) D-7. (D)
D-8. (A) D-9. (B)
Section (E) :
E-1. (A) E-2. (B) E-3. (C) E-4. (D) E-5. (A) E-6. (D)
Section (F) :
F-1. (C) F-2. (D) F-3. (A) F-4. (B) F-5. (A) F-6. (D) F-7. (B)
F-8. (B) F-9. (B) F-10. (A) F-11. (A) F-12. (B) F-13. (B) F-14. (A)
F-15. (D)
Section (G) :
G-1. (D) G-2. (C) G-3. (A) G-4. (D) G-5. (B)
Section (H) :
H-1. (C) H-2. (C) H-3. (C) H-4. (C) H-5. (B) H-6. (C) H-7. (C)
H-8. (D) H-9. (B) H-10. (B) H-11. (B)
PART-III
1. (A) (r) (B) (s) (C) (p) (D) (q) 2. (A) (s), (B) (s), (C) (s), (D) (r)
3. (A) (q, s), (B) (p), (C) (q), (D) (p)
EXERCISE - 2
PART-I
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (D) 6. (D) 7. (B)

8. (B) 9. (D) 10. (B) 11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (A)
15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (A) 19. (C) 20. (D) 21. (C)
22. (D) 23. (D) 24. (D) 25. (D)
E 59
PART-II
1. 4.00 2. 2.50 3. 23 4. 0.2 5. 25.00 6. 0.25 7. 2
8. 0.25 9. 44.5 10. 8 11. 7.82 or 7.83 12. 2 13. 18.00
14. 42.00 15. 6.00 16. 1.66 or 1.67 17. 0.50 18. 100.00 19. 0.00
20. 4.00 21. 2.50 22. 0 23. 17.00 24. 15.00 25. 1.58 26. 0.00
27. 0.00 28. 1.00 29. 3 30. 3 31. 51 32. 9
PART-III
1. (B,C) 2. (A, C) 3. (A,D) 4. (A,B,C,D)
5. (B,C,D) 6. (B,C,D) 7. (A,C) 8. (B,C)
9. (A, D) 10. (A,B,C) 11. (A,B,C) 12. (B,C,D)
13. (B,D) 14. (B, D) 15. (B, C) 16. (C,D)
17. (A,B,C,D) 18. (A,C) 19. (B,C,D) 20. (B,D)
21. (B,C) 22. (B,D) 23. (A,C) 24. (A,B,C)
25. (A,C,D) 26. (A,B,D) 27. (A,B) 28. (A,C)
29. (A,C,D) 30. (A,B) 31. (A,B) 32. (A,B,D)
33. (A,B) 34. (A,C)
PART-IV
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (D) 7. (B)
8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (A) 12. (A)
EXERCISE - 3
PART-I
1. (D) 2. (ACD) 3. (C) 4. (B, D) 5. (D)
6. (B) 7. 8 8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (A,C,D) 12. (B,C) 13. 0.5 14. (B,C,D)
15. (B,C, D) 16. 1.00 17. (B,C) 18. 2 19. (A,B)
PART-II
1. (2) 2. 1 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (4)
6. 80.00 7. (4) 8. (4) 9. (4) 10. (4)
11. (2) 12. 11 13. 1 14. (2) 15. (2)
16. (2) 17. (4) 18. (3) 19. (2) 20. (4)
21. (3) 22. (3) 23. (4) 24. (2) 25. (1)
26. (2) 27. (3) 28. (3) 29. (2)
60 E
Trigonometry
RELIABLE RANKER PROBLEM

π 2π 8π
1. Let α = 4 sin2 10º + 4 sin2 50º · cos20º + cos 80º and β = cos2 + cos2 + cos2 find (α + β)
5 15 15
2. Simplify the expression
sin 4 x + 4cos 2 x – cos 4 x + 4sin 2 x

3. Let a, b, c, d be numbers in the interval [0, π] such that
sin a + 7 sin b = 4(sin c + 2sin d),
cos a + 7 cos b = 4(cos c + 2cos d)
Prove that 2 cos (a – d ) = 7 cos (b – c ).
4. Find the value of α for which the three element set S = {sin α, sin 2α, sin 3α} is equal to the three
element set T = {cos α,cos 2α,cos 3α}
5. If a sinθ + b cosθ = a cosec θ – b secθ = 1, prove that a2 + b2 = 1 + b2/3 – b4/3.
1  q + p cos 2α 
6. If p (sinα - cosα tanθ ) secθ = q tanθ . sec(α – θ) then prove that θ = cot-1  .
2  p sin 2α 
p
7. If tan α = where α = 6 β, α being an acute angle, prove that;
q
1
(p cosec 2 β − q sec 2 β ) = p 2 + q 2 .
2
cos2θ cos 6θ cos18θ 1
8. Prove that + + = [ cot 2θ − cot 54θ]
sin 6θ sin18θ sin 54θ 2
9. If sin (θ + α) = a & sin (θ + β) = b (0 < α, β , θ < π/2) then find the value of
cos2 (α − β) − 4 ab cos(α − β)
10. Show that: 4 sin 27° = (5 + 5)1/2 − (3 − 5)1/2
tan α + tan γ sin 2 α + sin 2 γ
11. If tan β = , prove that sin 2 β = .
1 + tan α . tan γ 1 + sin 2 α . sin 2 γ
12. Prove that in an acute angled triangle ABC, ∑ tanAtanB ≥ 9.

13. If xy + yz + xz = 1, then prove that
x y z 4xyz
+ + = .
1− x 2
1− y 2
1−z 2
(1 − x )(1 − y 2 )(1 − z 2 )
2
π
14. Let a =
7
(a) Show that sin2 3a – sin2 a = sin 2a sin 3a
(b) Show that cosec a = cosec 2a + cosec 4a
(c) Evaluate cos a – cos 2a + cos 3a
(d) Prove that cos a is a root of the equation 8x3 + 4x2 – 4x + 1 = 0

(e) Evaluate tan a tan 2a tan 3a
(f) Evaluate tan2 a + tan2 2a + tan2 3a
(g) Evaluate tan2 a tan2 2a + tan2 2a tan2 3a + tan2 3a tan2 a
(h) Evaluate cot2 a + cot2 2a + cot2 3a
E 61
15. If cos 2x – cos x = sin 4x – sin x (where tan x ≠ 1), then find the value of cos 3x – sin 3x.
61
16. Prove that tan (–314º) > .
59
2π
17. Evaluate cos a cos 2a cos 3a..........cos 999a, where a =
1999
18. Prove that the average of the numbers 2 sin 2º, 4 sin 4º, 6 sin 6º, .........180 sin 180º is cot 1º
1
19. If 2 cos A = cos B + cos3 B, 2 sin A = sin B – sin3 B, prove that sin (A – B) = ± .
3
A B C D 1
20. If A,B,C and D are angles of a quadrilateral and sin sin sin sin = , prove that
2 2 2 2 4
A = B = C = D = π/2.
2
21. Solve tan2 θ = tan .
θ
x x
sin 3 − cos3
22. Find number of solution which are common to 2 2 = cos x and 2 sin2x – 3 sin x + 1 = 0 in
2 + sin x 3
x ∈ [0, 2π]
2π 3
23. Solve the system of equations : x + y = , cos x + cos y = for x,y ∈ [0, 6 π ]
3 2
24. Solve the following system of simultaneous equations for x and y: 4 s i n x + 3 1 / c o s y = 11
5.16 s i n x – 2.3 1 / c o s y = 2 for x,y ∈ [0, 2 π ]
25. The least positive angle measured in degree satisfying the equation (sinx + sin2x + sin 3x)3 = sin3x +
sin32x + sin33x is
26. Solve the following system of equations for x and y :
2 2
5(cos ec x–3sec y)
= 1 , 2(2 cos ecx + 3|sec y|)
= 64
3 1
27. Find number of solution of equation 8 sin x = + in x ∈ [0, 2 π ]
cos x sin x
28. Solve : sin 2x > 2 sin 2 x + (2 – 2) cos2x
29. Solve for x and y : x cos3 y + 3x cos y sin2y = 14

x sin3y + 3x cos2 y sin y = 13
Solve for x , the equation 13 − 18 tan x = 6 tan x − 3, where − 2 π < x < 2 π .

30.
 A + B
31. In a triangle ABC, if a tan A + b tan B = (a + b) tan   , prove that triangle is isosceles.
 2 
A B C
32. In a ∆ABC, if a, b and c are in A.P., prove that cos A.cot , cos B.cot , and cos C.cot are in A.P.
2 2 2
62 E
Trigonometry
cos A + 2 cosC sin B
33. If in a triangle ABC, = prove that the triangle ABC is either isosceles or right
cos A + 2 cos B sin C
angled.
34. In a ∆ ABC, ∠C = 60° and ∠A = 75°. If D is a point on AC such that the area of the ∆ BAD is 3
times the area of the ∆ BCD, find the ∠ABD.
35. In a triangle ABC, prove that the area of the incircle is to the area of triangle itself is,
A  B C
π : cot   . cot   . cot   .
2 2 2
36. Three circles, whose radii are a, b and c, touch one another externally and the tangents at their points of
contact meet in a point, prove that the distance of this point from either of their points of contact is
1
 abc  2
a+b+c .
 
a bc
37. In a triangle ABC, AD is the altitude from A. Given b > c, angle C = 23° and AD = , then find
b2 − c 2
angle B.
38. The diagonals of a parallelogram are inclined to each other at an angle of 45°, while its sides a and b
a
(a > b) are inclined to each other at an angle of 30°. Find the value of .
b
39. Let ABC be a triangle of area ∆ and A' B' C' be the triangle formed by the altitudes of ∆ABC as its sides
with area ∆' and A" B" C" be the triangle formed by the altitudes of ∆A'B'C' as its sides with area ∆". If
∆' = 30 and ∆" = 20 then find the value of ∆ .
40. In a right triangle ABC, right angle at A. The radius of the inscribed circle is 2 cm. Radius of the circle
touching the side BC and also sides AB and AC produced is 15 cm. Find the length of the side BC
measured in cm.
ANSWER KEY
nπ π
1. 4 2. cos2 x – sin2x = cos 2x 4. + ,n∈I
2 8
1
9. 1 − 2a 2 − 2b 2 14. (c) (e) 7 (f) 21 (g) 35 (h) 5
2
1 nπ n 2 π2 π
15. 1 17. 999
21. ± 1+ ,n∈Ι 22. x=
2 4 16 2
π 5π π 5π 2π
23. φ 24. x=, ,y = , 25.
6 6 3 3 5
π π
26. x = nπ + (–1)n and y = mπ± ; where m, n ∈ I 27. 6.00
6 6
π π 1
28. nπ + < x < nπ + , n ∈ I 29. x = ± 5 5 , y = nπ + tan–1 , n ∈ I

8 4 2
2
30. α − 2 π; α − π, α, α + π, where tan α = 34. 30° 37. 113°
3
5 +1
38. 39. 45 40. 13
2
E 63
SELF ASSESSMENT PAPER
JEE ADVANCED
Maximum Marks : 62 Total Time : 1:00 Hr
SECTION-I : ONE OPTION CORRECT (Maximum Marks - 12)
 π
1. If x ∈  0,  and sin x + cos x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x = 7, then sin2x is a root of
 2
(A) y2 – 22y + 36 = 0 (B) y2 – 44y + 18 = 0
(C) y2 + 22y + 36 = 0 (D) y2 – 44y + 36 = 0
2. sinθ + 3 cosθ = 6x –x2 – 11, 0 ≤ 0 ≤ 4π, x ∈ R, holds for

(A) no value of x and θ
(B) two values of x and two values of θ
(C) one value of x and two values of θ
(D) two values of x and one value of θ
3R
3. A point 'O' is situated on a circle of radius R and with centre O, another circle of radius is
2
described. Inside the crescent shaped arc intercepted between these circles, a circle of radius R/8 is
placed. If the same circle moves in contact with the original circle of radius R, then find the length of the
arc described by its centre in moving from one extreme position to the other.
7πR 5πR 7πR 5πR
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 12 10 9
4. Let a = sinx + sin2x + sin3x, b = cosx + cos2x + cos3x, then the number of values of 'x' in
[0, 3π] for which a = b is -
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) 10
SECTION-II : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT (Maximum Marks - 32)
5. The smallest positive number p for which the equation cos(p sin x) = sin (p cos x) has a solution lies in
interval (given that x ∈ [0, 2π])
1 3 3 3
(A) (0, 1) (B) (1, 2) (C)  ,  (D)  , 
2 4 4 2
In ∆ABC with usual notations if a + 4 + b + 4c = 4a + 4bc, then
2 2 2
6.
b A
(A) length of internal angle bisector through A is cos
3 2
sin B
(B) =2
sin C
sin B 1
(C) =
sin C 2
2b A
(D) length of internal angle bisector through A is cos
3 2
64 E
Trigonometry
7. If number of solution(s) of the equation 9 sin πx = 4(x – 3x) is k, then k is less than
2
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

2sin 6x  3π 
8. If the complete set of values of x satisfying < 0 and sec2 x – 2 2 tanx ≤ 0 in  0,  is
sin x − 1  2 
[a1, a2) ∪ (a3, a4] ∪ [a5, a6) ∪ (a7, a8] where ai < aj ∀ i < j, then a1 + a3 + a6 + a8 lies in the interval
 22 π 29π   5π 8π   17π 7π   13π 18π 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 7 7   3 3   6 2   5 5 
9. If 2tan10° + tan50° = 2α
tan20° + tan50° = 2β
2tan10° + tan70° = 2γ
tan20° + tan70° = 2δ
then -
(A) δ > γ > β > α (B) γ = α + β (C) 2β = δ (D) δ + α = γ + β
sin 3 θ cos3 θ
10. If = then sin2θ + cosθ is equal to -
8 27
12 + 13 12 + 3 13 12 − 13 12 − 3 13
(A) (B) (C) (D)
13 13 13 13
11. If x satisfies the condition sin x − 1 ≥ sin 4 x − 3cos 2 x + sin 2x + cos 2x , then -
(A) sin x + cos2x = 0 (B) sin2x + cos22x = 2
(C) 4sin2x – 6 cosx = 4 (D) sinx – cosx = 0
12. If the sum of all possible values of x ∈ (0, π) satisfying the equation
π π π aπ
tanx = tan(x + )tan(x + ) tan(x + ) is
18 9 6 b
where a and b are co-prime then b + 2a is divisible by-
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
SECTION-III : NUMERICAL VALUE TYPE (Maximum Marks - 18)

A B B C C A
13. If A + B + C = π and cot cot + cot cot + cot cot = – cot2θ, then the value of
2 2 2 2 2 2
3sin θ(sin A + sin B + sin C)
is
 A  B  C
8sin  θ –  sin  θ –  sin  θ – 
 2  2  2
3 3
θ A+B
14. If A = ∑ log | tan(60° − α r ) | , B = ∑ log | tan(60° + α r ) | , where α r =
3 r
, then the value of
4
at
r =1 r =1
9π
θ= is (where base of logarithm is 2 + 3 )
4
E 65
n
cos(2rθ) 11 π
15. If ƒn(θ) = ∑ sin(2r + 1)θ sin(2r − 1)θ then
10
ƒ29   is
6
r =1
(3sin θ − sin 3θ) (3cos θ + cos3θ) λ

16 Let λ is the maximum value of + , then the value of is
(1 + cos θ) (1 − sin θ) 8 2
π 2π 3π 3 , then minimum value of 7n is equal to
17. If sin + sin + sin + ..... upto n terms =
n n n 4
18. A circle is inscribed in a right triangle ABC, right angled at C. The circle is tangent to the segment AB
at D and length of segments AD and DB are 7 and 13 respectively. Area of triangle ABC is equal to
ANSWER KEY
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (B, D)

6. (B, D) 7. (C,D) 8. (B,C,D) 9. (A,B,C,D) 10. (B,D)
11. (A,B,C) 12. (A, C) 13. 1.50 14. 0.25 15. 4.40
16 0.50 17. 5.25 18. 91
66 E

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TRIGONOMETRY

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................. 57

Self Assessment Paper............................................................................................................. 64

Problems for Self Practise :

2. BASCIS TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND IDENTITIES :

(c) cosec2 – cot2 = 1 or cosec2 = 1 + cot2 or cot2 = cosec2 –1

Example 2.2 : 4(sin6 + cos6 ) – 6 ( sin4 + cos4 ) is equal to

Problems for Self Practise :

3. NEW DEFINITION OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS y

functions can be extended to angles of any size in the following way r

3.1 VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SOME STANDARD ANGLES :

Where N.D. mean not defined

If is any angle, then n ± ,n are called allied angles

Think, and fill up the blank blocks in following table.

Problems for Self Practise - :

4. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUM & DIFFERENCE OF ANGLES :

Example 4.5 : Prove that sin 5A + sin 3A = 2sin 4A cos A

Example 4.7 : Prove that

sin 9 sin 7 sin 9 sin 3 2 sin 2 cos5

5. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF MULTIPLE AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES :

8 tan A tan A 3 tan 3 A 8tan A

Problems for Self Practise :

6. CONDITIONAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES :

(ii) If tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A = 1, then A + B + C = (2n + 1) ,n

cos + cos + cos + cos ( + + ) = 4 cos . cos . cos .

= 4 cos cos cos = RHS

Solution : LHS = 2sin – z cos (x – y) + 2 sin z cos z ; x + y = –z

2 cos z {cos(x – y) + cos(x + y)} ( z= – (x + y))

= 2 cos z × 2cosx cosy = 4 cos x cos y cos z

2. If A + B + C = , then find the value of tanA tanB + tanBtanC + tanC tanA

sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C A B C

prove that sin + sin ( + ) + sin ( +2 ) + ............ up to n terms = 0

Solution : (a) By using Series formulae

(b) LHS = sin + sin ( + ) + sin ( +2 ) + ............ + sin( + (n –1) )

Problems for Self Practise :

Find the summation of the following series

(4) sin2 + sin3 + sin4 + ..... + sin n , where (n + 2) = 2

8. DOMAIN, RANGE, GRAPH AND PERIODICITY OF TRIGONOMETRIC

(f) cos = – 1 = (2n + 1) , n

8.1 MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS :

and minimum values are a2 b2 , a2 b2 respectively.

(b) Minimum value of a2 tan2 + b2 cot2 = 2ab where a, b

7 3 5cos 3cos 3 7 3 for all .

4 5cos 3cos 3 10 for all .

there exists two values

9.2 General Solutions of some Trigonometric Equations :

For equation (i) to be defined (2n + 1) ,n

(d) cos 22 = 1 (e) 3 sec2 2 (f) cosec 1

Answers : 1. (a) n ( 1) n ,n (b) (2n 1) , n

10. DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS:

Solution : 2cos 2x + 4cosx – 3sin2x = 0

10.2 Trigonometric equations which can be solved by transforming a sum or difference of

sin8x + sin2x = sin8x + sin4x sin4x – sin2x = 0

Solution : 3cosx + 4sinx = 5 .........(i)

Solution : Here, sec x + tanx = 3

Total number of solutions are 2.

(i) if we take positive sign, we get x = 2n + ,n

Problems for Self Practise - :

Solve the following equations :

(4) (a) sinx + 2 = cosx. (b) cosec = 1 + cot

(4) (a) x = 2n – , n I (b) 2m ,m

11. TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALITIES :

From the graph of y = sin x, it is obvious that between 0 and 2 ,