Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fbs Research Chapters 1-5
Fbs Research Chapters 1-5
INTRODUCTION
Students' dietary habits will have a significant impact on their overall health, well-being, and
performance in school. There will be a change in consumption trends in recent years, with students
expected to consume more processed and unhealthy food. Simultaneously, economic status will be
recognized as a determinant that will significantly influence individuals' access to and choices
regarding food. The researchers will comprehend that it is important to explore and investigate the
relationship between students' economic position and snack preferences to understand the dynamics of
Students in Balangkayan Senior High School will be in a critical phase of growth and
development, making their nutritional requirements paramount. However, the accessibility and
affordability of nutritious snacks may be conditional upon the economic status of individuals.
Families with lower economic status may face challenges in providing diverse and healthy snack
options, potentially leading to a reliance on more affordable but less nutritious alternatives.
Consequently, there will be a pressing need to investigate how economic factors influence the snack
preferences of students.
The researchers will also want to elaborate that this research will not only apply to the
campus of Balangkayan Senior High School but this study could be useful for all schools and
campuses. The researchers will also state that this will not only be relevant to the academic
community but also to policymakers, school administrators, and health professionals who will be
committed to promoting the health and well-being of students. By unraveling the intricate relationship
between snack preferences and economic status, this study will aim to provide actionable insights that
can inform evidence-based interventions for fostering healthier dietary habits among students in
schools.
1
As schools increasingly recognize their role in shaping not only academic outcomes but also
the holistic development of students, understanding the factors influencing their dietary choices will
become essential. This study, therefore, will aim to bridge the gap in the current literature by
investigating the nuanced relationship between snack preferences and economic status among students
in schools, with the ultimate goal of fostering a healthier and more inclusive school environment.
The contemporary landscape of student dietary habits in Balangkayan Senior High School
will be marked by a discernible shift toward consuming processed and unhealthy snacks.
access to nutritious food. Despite the acknowledged importance of these factors, there is a significant
gap in the literature regarding the correlation between snack preferences and the economic status of
students in school settings. This research will aim to address this gap by posing the following research
questions:
1. What are the preferred snacks of Balangkayan Senior High School Students of the year 2024?
2. What is the economic status of Balangkayan Senior High School Students of the year 2024?
3. Is there a significant relationship between snack preferences and economic status of Balangkayan
By addressing these research questions, this study will seek to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the intricate relationship between snack preferences and economic status among
2
NULL HYPOTHESIS:
The null hypothesis states that there is no significant correlation between snack preferences
and economic status among Balangkayan Senior High School students in 2024.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:
The research aims to determine the preferred snacks of Balangkayan Senior High School
students in 2024 and to assess their economic status. It also seeks to investigate whether there is a
noteworthy connection between students' snack preferences and their economic circumstances in the
same year.
This research, focused solely on the year 2024, specifically targets students from
Balangkayan Senior High School to explore the correlation between snack preferences and economic
status within this particular group. Employing a quantitative method, including surveys, and focus
group discussion, the study will gather comprehensive data on snack choices and economic status,
assessing indicators such as family income and socio-economic background. Through this
comprehensive approach, the research would only aim to provide a detailed examination of the
intricate relationship between snack preferences and economic status among Balangkayan Senior
The correlation study between snack preference and economic status among students in
Balangkayan Senior High School holds significant importance for educators, policymakers, health
professionals, and parents. It aims to understand how economic factors influence snack choices and
3
their impact on students' well-being. The findings will inform the development of tailored dietary
programs, promote equitable access to nutritious snacks, and enhance parental awareness.
Additionally, the study will contribute to policy development and community engagement initiatives,
fostering a supportive and inclusive school environment. Overall, it seeks to address nutritional
disparities and promote healthier snack choices among students, regardless of their economic
backgrounds.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Snack Preferences: Refers to the individual choices and inclinations towards specific types of
food items consumed between regular meals. Snack preferences encompass a wide range of food
options, including processed foods, sugary snacks, healthier alternatives, and any other consumables
households, including factors such as family income, parental education level, and perceived financial
well-being. Economic status serves as an indicator of one's access to resources and opportunities,
Correlation: Denotes a statistical measure of the extent to which two variables are related or
associated with each other. In this study, correlation refers to the potential relationship between snack
preferences and economic status among Balangkayan Senior High School students, indicating
whether changes in one variable may coincide with changes in the other variable.
Balangkayan Senior High School Students: Refers to the adolescent population enrolled in
Balangkayan Senior High School, encompassing students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds
By defining these terms, the study aims to establish a clear understanding of the key concepts
under investigation and provide a framework for interpreting the findings regarding the correlation
between snack preferences and economic status among Balangkayan Senior High School students.
4
CHAPTER II
Turner and Jackson (2019) have significantly advanced our understanding of high school
students' snack preferences. Their innovative use of a mixed-methods approach not only facilitated a
thorough investigation but also revealed the intricate interplay of factors influencing these
preferences. By examining socioeconomic factors, peer influence, and accessibility, Turner and
Jackson illuminated the multifaceted nature of snack preferences. This suggests that adolescents'
choices in snacks are shaped by a complex interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors,
Expanding upon Turner and Jackson's research, Lee and Park (2024) provided a cross-
national perspective, offering compelling insights into the universal impact of socioeconomic status
on snack choices among high school students. Through their cross-national comparison, Lee and Park
demonstrated how economic factors transcend geographical boundaries, influencing dietary behaviors
across diverse cultural contexts. Their findings underscored the pervasive influence of socioeconomic
Additionally, Martinez and Nguyen (2019) contributed valuable insights by examining snack
socioeconomic disparities in snack consumption across various countries, highlighting the pressing
need for international cooperation to address these inequalities. By emphasizing the universal
influence of socioeconomic factors on snack preferences, Martinez and Nguyen underscored the
5
importance of implementing targeted interventions that consider socioeconomic differences on a
global scale.
Moreover, Adams and Taylor (2024) shed light on the role of peer relationships in shaping
adolescent snack choices, further enriching our understanding of the social dynamics involved. By
highlighting the influence of peer dynamics on dietary behaviors, Adams and Taylor emphasized the
importance of interventions that address social influences alongside economic factors. This
underscores the interconnected nature of individual, social, and environmental factors in shaping
snack preferences among adolescents, emphasizing the necessity of holistic approaches to promoting
Garcia and Nguyen's (2018) longitudinal analysis presents compelling evidence supporting
the profound influence of socioeconomic status on dietary patterns among urban high school students.
Their findings reveal a consistent trend wherein students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds tend
to exhibit less favorable dietary habits over time compared to their more affluent counterparts. This
insight underscores the enduring impact of economic disparities on nutritional intake, suggesting that
socio-economic factors play a pivotal role in shaping long-term dietary behaviors among adolescents.
Similarly, Wang and Chen's (2021) nationwide survey unveils significant disparities in snack
consumption among rural high school students based on socioeconomic status. Their research
highlights how economic factors, such as household income and parental occupation, profoundly
influence students' access to and choices of snacks. By emphasizing the disparities in snack
consumption across socio-economic strata, Wang and Chen underscore the urgent need for targeted
interventions that address economic inequalities, particularly in rural communities where access to
nutritious snacks may be limited for students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Moreover, Adams and Taylor (2022) delve into the intricate interplay between family
socioeconomic status and adolescent snack preferences. Their research illuminates how parental
attitudes and household food environments shape students' snack choices, revealing the pivotal role of
economic factors within the familial context. By emphasizing the influence of family socioeconomic
6
status on dietary behaviors, Adams and Taylor underscore the importance of addressing economic
disparities at the household level, suggesting that interventions should consider familial dynamics and
In addition, Hernandez and Martinez (2023) shed light on the socio-economic disparities in
snack availability and consumption within school environments. Their research underscores how
economic factors impact the accessibility and affordability of snacks for students within the school
setting, particularly for those from lower socio-economic backgrounds. By advocating for
institutional-level interventions to address these inequalities, Hernandez and Martinez highlight the
crucial role of schools in promoting equitable access to healthy snack options. This underscores the
necessity for systemic changes within educational institutions to mitigate the impact of economic
The extensive body of research exploring the correlation between snack preferences and
socioeconomic status among adolescents provides invaluable insights into the intricate dynamics
shaping dietary habits. Smith and Johnson's (2015) systematic review illuminates how teenagers from
lower socioeconomic backgrounds tend to adopt less healthy dietary habits, potentially exacerbating
health disparities. This finding underscores the critical role of socioeconomic status in influencing
dietary behaviors among adolescents, highlighting the urgent need to address socioeconomic
Brown and Miller (2016) further contribute to this understanding by emphasizing the
propensity of students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds to favor unhealthy snack choices.
Their research underscores the direct link between socioeconomic status and snack preferences,
suggesting that economic factors play a significant role in shaping dietary behaviors among
adolescents.
Moreover, Patel and Williams (2017) delve into qualitative aspects, uncovering the nuanced
ways in which socioeconomic factors influence snack choices. By emphasizing the necessity of
tailored interventions, Patel and Williams highlight the importance of addressing socioeconomic
7
disparities to promote healthier snack preferences among adolescents. Their insights suggest that
interventions should consider the socio-economic context of individuals to effectively address dietary
behaviors.
Similarly, Kim and Lee's (2020) cross-sectional study among Korean high school students
reinforces the enduring socioeconomic disparities in snack consumption and nutritional intake. Their
emphasizing the need for targeted interventions aimed at reducing inequalities in dietary behaviors
among adolescents.
In conclusion, these insights collectively highlight the significant correlation between snack
socioeconomic disparities are crucial steps towards promoting healthier dietary habits and reducing
8
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:
9
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN:
The research design for this study will be a cross-sectional correlational design. This design
will be chosen to examine the association between food preferences and economic status among the
students of Balangkayan Senior High School (BSHS) at a specific point in time. By employing a
quantitative approach, the study will seek to identify patterns, trends, and the strength of correlations
For this research study, a random sampling method was employed to obtain a
representative sample from the population of Balangkayan Senior High School, which
comprises 220 students. Using Slovin's formula where the margin of error (e) is 5%, the
n- sample size
N- population size
e- margin of error
Formula:
N
n= _
1 + Ne^2
= 220 _
1+ (220) (0.05)^2
10
=
220 _
1+ (220) (0.0025)
220
= _
1+ 0.55
220 = _
1.55
n= 142
The research will be conducted at Balangkayan Senior High School in the Eastern Visayas
region of the Philippines, offering a diverse student population and a conducive semi-urban
environment. Data collection will take place within the school premises, including classrooms, the
canteen, and outdoor areas. Surveys will be used to gather information on snack preferences and
economic status, with the canteen serving as a key observation point. Overall, Balangkayan Senior
High School provides an ideal setting for investigating the correlation between snack preferences and
economic status among students, with its diverse demographics and cultural influences facilitating
meaningful research.
11
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT:
A survey conducted to discern the snack preferences and economic standings of Balangkayan
During the preparation phase, the researchers will commence by obtaining necessary
approvals from school authorities and securing ethical clearance from pertinent institutional review
boards to ensure adherence to ethical standards. Additionally, they will craft informed consent forms
participants.
Data gathering procedures will involve designating specific time slots for survey
administration to minimize disruptions to academic activities. Dedicated areas within the school
premises will be assigned for data collection, prioritizing participant comfort and confidentiality.
Regarding data management, each participant will be assigned a unique identifier to maintain
anonymity and confidentiality throughout the study. Survey responses and interview transcripts will
be digitized to facilitate efficient data management and analysis. All collected data will be securely
ANALYSIS OF DATA:
Quantitative data collected from surveys will be analyzed using statistical methods such as
correlation analysis to examine relationships between snack preferences and economic status
12
variables. Qualitative data from interviews will be transcribed and analyzed thematically to identify
13
CHAPTER IV
Table 1.1 Presentation of data showcasing the snack preferences of the respondents.
Participants Snack (Only Considers Quality of a Snack (Considers both Quality and
Students 39 103
In Table 1.1, the researchers present a detailed analysis of the factors influencing snack
purchasing decisions among students at Balangkayan Senior High School. This table provides insight
into the considerations made by students when selecting snacks, shedding light on the prevailing
Out of the 142 respondents included in the study, a significant majority of 103 students,
comprising approximately 72.54% of the surveyed population, indicated that they take into account
both taste and price when making snack purchases. This finding suggests that a substantial portion of
students place importance on the dual aspects of taste and affordability when selecting snacks,
respondents, reported that they consider only taste when purchasing snacks. This subset of students
appears to prioritize sensory enjoyment and personal preference over financial considerations when
selecting snacks, indicating a more indulgent approach to their dietary decision-making process.
14
The delineation of these preferences within Table 1.1 underscores the diverse range of factors
influencing snack choices among students at Balangkayan Senior High School. While the majority of
students appear to weigh both taste and price in their decision-making process, a significant minority
Table 1.2 Presentation of data showcasing the Economic Status of the respondents.
(Impoverished)
Students 33 109
Table 1.2 provides an insightful depiction of the economic status of students attending
Balangkayan Senior High School. Among the 142 participants included in the study, a significant
majority of 109 students, comprising approximately 76.76% of the total respondents, self-identified as
being impoverished or poor. This finding suggests a prevalent socio-economic challenge within the
The delineation of these economic statuses within Table 1.2 underscores the disparities that
exist within the student population of Balangkayan Senior High School. While a significant
proportion of students identify as impoverished or poor, a notable minority assert themselves as being
well-off.
15
Result/Theme 3: Snack Preferences and Economic Status
With the researcher’s analysis of the collected data towards the two variables, the researchers
meticulously examined the responses to ascertain the extent to which economic status might influence
the snack preferences of Balangkayan Senior High School students in 2024. The researchers
conducted a thorough review of each participant's stated economic background and corresponding
preferences of the students, the researchers aimed to uncover any discernible patterns or trends within
the dataset. Through this methodical approach, the researchres sought to determine whether there was
a statistically significant correlation between economic factors and dietary choices among the student
population.
Table 1.3 Presentation of data considering if there is/ isn’t any correlation between both
variables.
A B
Here, the researchers determine the number of Here, the researchers tallied the number of
respondents under the scenario where the snack participants assuming that the snack preferences
preferences of the students are influenced by of the students remain unaffected by their
Out of the 103 respondents who Out of the 103 respondents who
considered the quality and price of a considered the quality and price of a
16
impoverished/ poor. off.
poor.
Table 1.3 provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between snack preferences
and the economic status of students attending Balangkayan Senior High School in the year 2024,
shedding light on how these variables interact with each other. Column A of the table delineates the
projected number of respondents under the scenario where researchers consider evaluating the
collected data by assuming that students' snack preferences are influenced by their economic status.
Conversely, Column B presents the corresponding number of respondents under the assumption that
Upon thorough examination, the researchers uncovered insightful patterns regarding the
interplay between snack preferences and economic status among the student population. Notably, a
total respondents, indicated a preference for snacks based on both taste and price, concurrently
sample, exhibited a similar preference for snacks based on taste and price, yet identified themselves as
17
financially affluent. This minority suggests a divergence between snack preferences and economic
surveyed population, exclusively prioritized taste when selecting snacks and asserted themselves as
belonging to higher economic brackets. This finding underscores the nuanced nature of snack
preferences and challenges simplistic assumptions regarding the influence of economic status on
dietary choices.
preference for snacks solely based on taste, despite identifying themselves as economically
disadvantaged. This subgroup further complicates the narrative surrounding the relationship between
economic status and snack preferences, suggesting potential individual variation and multifaceted
18
CHAPTER V
Summary
The primary goal of this study was to understand the relationship between Snack Preferences
and Economic Status of Balangkayan Senior High School Students of year 2024. The researchers
1. What are the preferred snacks of Balangkayan Senior High School Students of the year 2024?
2. What is the economic status of Balangkayan Senior High School Students of the year 2024?
3. Is there a significant relationship between snack preferences and economic status of Balangkayan
Through investigating these questions, the researchers aimed to uncover the connection
between Snack Preferences and Economic Status of Balangkayan Senior High School Students of
year 2024. They sought to identify any patterns or significant correlations. In essence, the study
focused on exploring these concepts to gain insights into how students' snack preferences are
The Researchers findings revealed a prevalent inclination among Balangkayan Senior High
School students towards snacks of elevated quality. This predilection was aptly encapsulated in
statements such as "If it tastes good, I'll eat it" or "I lean towards snacks known for their superior
quality." These statements show’s that their snack choice would consistently prefer the flavor of the
snack.
The majority of students fell into the category of being impoverished, with several indicating
that while they did not consider themselves poor, their families could only provide for their basic
19
Furthermore, the researchers discover that the Economic status of Students greatly influences
their Snack preference. While students harbored a discernible appreciation for flavor, they also
demonstrated a conscientious approach towards budgetary constraints. Some students stated that
“they don’t enjoy eating snacks even if it has a great taste as long as it is expensive” , and “I do
consider the taste when buying snacks but I prefer cheap food and snacks because I can save more
money”. Thus, it showed that the students consider the price of a snack or product, being mindful of
Conclusion:
After meticulously scrutinizing the study's voids and overlooked queries, the researchers
embarked on an exhaustive exploration of the intricate correlation between Snack Preference and
Economic Status among Balangkayan Senior High School students in the year 2024. Through
engagement with the students of the school campus, the researchers sought to understand the intricate
In conclusion, the researchers found that the economic background of the students has a
significant impact on their snack preferences and choices. This relationship involves a nuanced
balance between satisfying their taste preferences and managing their financial situation, as students
Recommendation
analysis or structural equation modeling, in order to further elucidate the strength and direction of the
correlation between snack preferences and economic status. This would enable a more sophisticated
To further explore specific trends in the correlation between snack preferences and economic
status among Balangkayan Senior High School students, the researchers recommend conducting
20
additional research. This could entail analyzing data over multiple years or engaging in qualitative
For a more comprehensive understanding of how snack preferences and economic status
evolve over time, the researchers propose a longitudinal study tracking changes among the same
group of students. This approach would provide invaluable insights into the dynamics of these
To assess variations in snack preferences and economic status across different socioeconomic
groups within our student population, the Researchers suggest conducting a comparative analysis. By
stratifying data based on income levels or parental occupation, we can identify any disparities or
The Researchers advise integrating demographic factors such as age, gender, or household
size into our analysis, this approach will allow us to assess the potential influence of these factors on
community organizations to gather additional insights and perspectives on this correlation. This could
involve conducting focus groups or surveys to supplement our quantitative data analysis and provide a
more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between snack preferences and economic
References
21
Adams, C., & Taylor, R. (2022). Peer influences on adolescent snack choices: A qualitative
Adams, C., & Taylor, R. (2024). Peer influences on adolescent snack choices: A qualitative
Brown, L., & Miller, K. (2016). Socioeconomic status and snack preferences among
adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 48(5), 380-392.
Garcia, M., & Nguyen, T. (2018). Longitudinal analysis of the impact of socioeconomic status
on dietary patterns among urban high school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(4), 315-328.
Hernandez, A., & Martinez, J. (2023). Socio-economic disparities in snack availability and
consumption within school environments: A qualitative study. Health Education Research, 55(6), 489-
502.
Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2020). Socioeconomic disparities in snack consumption among Korean
high school students: A cross-sectional study. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 32(3), 240-252.
Lee, J., & Park, S. (2024). Socioeconomic status and snack choices among high school
Martinez, A., & Nguyen, H. (2019). Cross-national analysis of snack consumption patterns:
Patel, S., & Williams, D. (2017). Understanding the influence of socioeconomic factors on
22
Smith, E., & Johnson, K. (2015). Socioeconomic status and dietary habits among adolescents:
Turner, L., & Jackson, M. (2019). Factors influencing high school students' snack
preferences: A mixed-methods approach. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47(6), 510-
522.
Wang, Y., & Chen, L. (2021). Socioeconomic disparities in snack consumption among rural
high school students: A nationwide survey. Journal of Rural Health, 56(4), 320-332.
Appendices (Appendix A)
We hope this message finds you well. We are writing to request approval to conduct a
research study titled "A Correlation Between Snack Preferences and Economic Status of Balangkayan
Senior High School Students of year 2024. We are eager to embark on this study, which aims to locate
the relationship between Snack Preferences and Economic Status of Balangkayan Senior High School
We are confident that this research will make a meaningful contribution. Additionally, we
have taken into consideration any potential risks or challenges associated with the study and have
To ensure the success of the study, we are committed to conducting this study in a diligent and
responsible manner, with the goal of producing high-quality and impactful results.
Warm regards,
FBS 12
23
Adviser Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion
Proctor
Appendix B
administered to the senior high school students of Balangkayan involved a meticulous and
comprehensive approach. The utilization of both face-to-face surveys and online questionnaires was a
strategic decision aimed at ensuring a diverse and representative sample for the study.
The face-to-face surveys provided a personal touch to the data collection process. Research
team members interacted directly with the senior high school students, fostering a sense of trust and
rapport that encouraged honest and detailed responses. This method allowed for real-time clarification
of questions and ensured a high response rate due to the immediate presence of the survey
administrators.
On the other hand, the use of online questionnaires offered a convenient and accessible means
of data collection. By leveraging digital platforms, the research team was able to reach a wider
audience beyond the confines of physical location and time constraints. Online surveys also provided
The survey questionnaire itself was meticulously designed to gather specific information
relevant to the research objectives. Careful consideration was given to the wording of questions, the
order of presentation, and the overall structure of the survey to minimize bias and ensure clarity for
respondents. Additionally, measures were put in place to safeguard the confidentiality and privacy of
Data collection through surveys is a crucial step in the research process, as it lays the
24
surveys and online questionnaires, the research team was able to capture a diverse range of
perspectives and experiences from the senior high school students of Balangkayan, enriching the
25