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NSCP 2015 Terms
NSCP 2015 Terms
1 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
occupancy.
SECTION 102 - DEFINITIONS
BUILDING, EXISTING, is a building erected
For the purpose of this code, certain terms, prior to the adoption of this code, or one for
phrases, words, and their derivatives shall which a legal building permit has been
be construed as specified in this chapter issued.
and elsewhere in this code where specific
definitions are provided. Terms, phrases BUILDING OFFlCIAL is the officer or other
and words used in the singular include the designated authority charged with the
plural and the plural, the singular. Terms, administration and enforcement of this
phrases and words used in the masculine code, 0r the building official's duly
gender include the feminine and the authorized representative.
feminine, the masculine.
LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR
DESIGN (LRFD) METHOD is a method of
The following terms are defined for use in
proportioning structural element using load
this chapter:
and resistance factors such that no
ADDITION is an extension or increase in
applicable limit state is reached when the
floor area or height of a building or
structure is subjected to all appropriate load
structure.
combinations. The term "LRFD" is used in
the design of steel and wood structures.
ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN is a
method of proportioning structural elements
STRENGTH DESIGN is a method of
such that computed stresses produced in
proportioning structural elements such that
the elements by the allowable stress load
the computed forces produced in the
combinations do not exceed specified
elements by the factored load combinations
allowable stress (also called working
do not exceed the factored element
stress design).
strength. The term "strength design" is
used in the design of concrete and masonry
ALTER or ALTERATION is any change,
structures.
addition or modification in construction or
occupancy.
STRUCTURE is that which is built or
constructed, an edifice or building of any
APPROVED as to materials and types of
kind, or any piece of work artificially built up
construction, refers to approval by the
or composed of parts joined together in
building official as the result of investigation
some definite manner.
and tests conducted by the building official,
or by reason of accepted principles or tests
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER is a registered
by recognized authorities, technical or
Civil Engineer with special qualification in
scientific organizations.
the practice of Structural Engineering as
recognized by the Board of Civil
BUILDING is any structure used or intended
Engineering of the Professional Regulation
for supporting or sheltering any use or
Commission.
IV. Standard Occupancy All structures housing occupancies or having functioned not
Structures listed in Category I, II or III above and Category V below.
Notes:
1. Equivalent building classification on the National Building Code of the Philippines and its
Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Allowable stresses and design formulas 2. Before commencing the excavation, the
provided in this chapter shall be used with person making or causing the
the allowable stress design load excavation to be made shall notify in
combinations specified in Section 203.4. writing the owners of adjoining building
not less than 10 days before such
excavation is to be made and that the
SECTION 302-FILLS AND EXCAVATION adjoining building should be protected.
Excavation or fills for buildings or structures Fills to be used to support the foundation of
shall be constructed or protected that they any building or structure shall be placed in
do not endanger life or property. Reference
accordance in accepted engineering
is made to Section 109 of this code for
requirements governing excavation, grading practice.
and earthwork construction, including fills
and embankments. No fill or other surcharge loads shall be
CUTS placed adjacent to any building or structure
unless such building or structure is capable
302.2.2 Slope. The slope of cut surfaces of withstanding the additional vertical and
shall be no steeper than is safe for the
horizontal loads caused by filling or
intended use and shall be no steeper than 1
unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (50% surcharge.
slope), unless a geo-technical engineering Fill slopes shall not be constructed on
or an engineering geology report, or both, natural slopes steeper than 1 unit vertical in
stating that the site has been investigated
and giving an opinion that a cut at a steeper 2 units horizontal (50% slope).
slope will be stable and not create a hazard
to public or private property, is submitted 302.3.2 Preparation of the Ground. The
and approved.
ground surface shall be prepared to receive
302.2.3 Existing footings or foundations, fill by removing vegetation, non complying
fill, top soil and other unsuitable materials,
and by scarifying to provide a bond with the
new fill.
Where the natural slopes are steeper than 1
unit vertical in 5 units horizontal (20%
slopes) and the height is greater than 1.5
meters, the ground surface shall be
prepared by benching into sound bedrock or
other competent materials as determined by
the geo-technical engineer. The bench
under the toe of a fill on a slope steeper
than 1units vertical of 5 units horizontal
(20% slopes) shall be at least 3 meters
wide.
SETBACKS
DRAINAGE AND TERRACING
EROSION CONTROL
4 – CONCRETE
SECTlON 401 - GENERAL The following terms are defined for general
use in this chapter. Specialized definitions
appear in individual sections.
401.1.1 This chapter provides minimum
requirements for the design and ADMIXTURE is material other than water,
construction of structural concrete elements aggregate, or hydraulic cement used as an
ingredient of concrete and added to
of any building or other structure.
concrete before or during its mixing to
modify its properties.
401.1.2 This chapter shall govern in all
matters pertaining to the design,
AGGREGATE is granular material, such as
construction, and material properties of
sand, gravel, crushed stone and iron blast-
structural concrete elements wherever this
furnace slag, and when used with a
chapter is in with requirements contained in
cementing medium forms a hydraulic
other standards referenced in this chapter.
cement concrete or mortar.
401.1.3 For special structures, such as
AGGREGATE, LIGHTWEIGHT is
arches, tanks, reservoirs, bins and silos,
aggregate with a dry, loose weight of 1120
blast-resistant structures, and provisions of
kg/m3 or less.
this chapter shall govern where applicable.
AIR-DRY WEIGHT is the unit weight of a
401.1.4 This chapter does not govern
lightweight concrete specimen cured for
design and installation of portions of
seven days with neither loss nor gain of
concrete piles' and drilled piers embedded
moisture at 15°C to 27’C and dried for 21
in ground except for structures in regions of
days in 50 +,- 7 percent relative humidity at
high risk or assigned to high seismic
23°C +,- 1. 1°C.
performance or categories. See Section
421.9.4 for requirements from concrete piles
ANCHORAGE DEVICE in post-tensioning
drilled piers and caissons in structures in
is a device used to anchor tendons to
region high seismic risk or assigned to high
concrete member; in pre-tensioning, a
seismic performance or design categories.
device used to anchor tendons during
hardening of concrete.
401.1.5 This chapter does not govern
design and construction of soil-supported
ANCHORAGE ZONE in post-tensioned
slabs, unless the slab vertical loads from
members is the portion of the member
other portions of the structure to the soil.
through which the concentrated pre-
stressing force is transferred to the concrete
401.1.6 Concrete On Steel Form Deck
and distributed more uniformly across the
Design and construction of structural
section. Its extent is equal to the largest
concrete slab cast on stay-in-place, non-
dimension of the cross section. For
composite steel other governed by this
intermediate anchorage devices, the
chapter.
anchorage zone includes the disturbed
regions ahead of and behind the anchorage
401.1.7 This chapter does not govern the
devices.
design of concrete slabs cast on stay-in-
place, composite deck. Concrete used in
BASIC MONOSTRAND ANCHORAGE
the construction of such governed by
DEVICE is an anchorage device used with
Sections 401 to 407 of this applicable.
any single strand or a single 16 mm or
smaller diameter bar that satisfies section
SECTION 402 - DEFINITIONS 418.22.1 and the anchorage device
requirements of the Post-Tensioning
Institute's "Specification for Unbonded or without admixtures.
Single Strand Tendons".
CONCRETE, SPECIFIED COMPRESSIVE
BASIC MULTISTRAND ANCHORAGE STRENGTH OF (f'c), is the compressive
DEVICE is an anchorage device used with strength of concrete in design and
multiple strands, bars or wires, or single evaluated in accordance with provision of
bars larger than 16 mm diameter, that Section 405, expressed in megapascals
satisfies Section 418.22.1 and the bearing (MPa). Wherever the quantity f’c is under a
stress and minimum plate stiffness radical sign, square root of numerical value
requirements of AASHTO Bridge only is intended, and result has units of
Specifications, Division I, Sections megapascals.
9.21.7.2.2 through 9.21.7.2.4.
CONCRETE STRCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT,
BONDED TENDON is a pre-stressing is to containing lightweight aggregate that
tendon that is bonded to concrete either conforms to 403.4 and has an air-dry unit
directly or through grouting. weight as determined “Test Method for Unit
Weight of Structural Lightweight Concrete”
CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS are (ASTM C 567) not exceeding 1840 kg/m3.
materials as specified in Section 403 which In this code, a lightweight concrete without
have cementing value when used in natural sand is termed 'all-lightweight-
concrete either by themselves, such as concrete" and lightweight concrete in which
portland cement, blended hydraulic cements all fine aggregate consists of normal-weight
and expansive cement, or such materials in sand “sand-lightweight concrete."
combination with fly ash, raw or other
calcined natural pozzolans, silica fume, or CONTRACTION JOINT is a formed, sawed,
ground granulated blast-furnace slag. or tooled in a concrete structure to create a
weakened plane regulate the location of
COLUMN is a member with a ratio of cracking resulting from the dimensional
height-to-least-lateral dimensions of 3 or change of different parts of the structure.
greater used primarily to support axial
compressive load.
CURVATURE FRICTION is friction resulting
COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURAL from bents & curves in the specified
MEMBERS are concrete flexural members prestressing tendon profile.
of pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete
elements, or both, constructed in separate DEFORMED REINFORCEMENT is
place but so interconnected that all deformed reinforcing bars, bar and rod
elements respond to load as a unit. mats, deformed wire, welded smooth wire
fabric and welded deformed wire fabric.
COMPRESSION-CONTROLLED SECTION
is a cross section in which the net tensile DEVELOPMENT LENGTH is the length of
strain in the extreme tension at nominal embedded reinforcement required to
strength is less than or equal to the develop the design strength of
compression-controlled strain limit. reinforcement at a critical section. See
Section 409.4.3.
COMPRESSION-CONTROLLED STRAIN
LIMIT is the net tensile strain at balanced
strain conditions. See 410.4.2.
CONCRETE is a mixture of portland cement EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF SECTION (d) is
or any other hydraulic cement, fine the distance measured from extreme
aggregate, coarse aggregate and water with compression fiber to centroid of tension
reinforcement. proportional limit of material. See Section
408.6.
EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS is the stress
remaining in pre-stressing tendons after all NET TENSILE STRAIN is the tensile strain
losses have occurred, excluding effects of at nominal strength exclusive of strains due
dead load and superimposed load. to effective prestress, creep, shrinkage and
temperature.
EMBEDMENT LENGTH is the length of
embedded reinforcement provided beyond a PEDESTAL is an upright compression
critical section. member with a ratio of unsupported height
to average least lateral dimension not
EXTREME TENSION STEEL is the exceeding of 3.
reinforcement (prestressed or
nonprestressed) that is the farthest from the PLAIN CONCRETE is structural concrete'
extreme compression fiber. with no reinforcement or with less
reinforcement than the minimum amount
ISOLATION JOINT is a separation between specified for reinforced concrete.
adjoining parts of a concrete structure,
usually a vertical plane, at the designed
location such as to interfere least with PLAIN REINFORCEMENT is reinforcement
performance of the structure, yet such as to that does not conform to definition of
allow relative movement in three directions deformed reinforcement.
and avoid formation of cracks elsewhere in
the concrete and through which all or part of POST-TENSIONING is a method of pre-
the bonded reinforcement is interrupted. stressing in which tendons are tensioned
after concrete has hardened.
JACKING FORCE is the temporary force
exerted by device that introduces tension PRECAST CONCRETE is a structural
into prestressing tendons in prestressed concrete element cast in other than its final
concrete. position in the structure.
PLASTIC ZONE the yielded region RESISTANT FACTOR a factor that accounts for
of a member. unavoidable deviations of the actual strength from
the nominal value and the manner and
PLASTIFICATION the process of consequences of failure.
successive yielding of fibers in the
cross section of a member as RIGID FRAME a structure in which connections
bending moment is increased. maintain the angular relationship between beam
and column members under load.
PLATE GIRDER A built-up structural
beam. ROOT OF THE FLANGE Location on the web of
the corner radius termination point or the toe of the
POST BUCKLING STENGTH the flange-to-web weld. Measured as the k-distance
load that can be carried by an from the far side of the flange.
element, member or frame after
buckling. ROTATION CAPACITY The incremental angular
rotation that a given shape can accept prior to local
REDISTRIBUTION OF MOMENT A failure defined as R=(9u/9p)-1. Where 9u is the
process which results in the overall rotation attained at the factored load state
successive formation of plastic and 9p is the idealized rotation corresponding to
hinges so that less highly stressed elastic theory applied to the case of M = Mp.
portions of a structure may carry SECOND ORDER ANALYSIS based on second-
increased moments. order deformations, in which equilibrium conditions
are formulated on the deformed structure.
REQUIRED STRENGTH Load effect
(force, moment, stress, as SERVICE LOAD expected to be supported by the
appropriate) acting on an element or structure under normal usage; often taken as the
connection determined by structural nominal load.
analysis from the factored loads SERVICIABILITY LIMIT STATE
(using most appropriate critical load Limiting condition affecting the ability of a structure
combinations). to preserve its appearance, maintainability,
durability or the comfort of its occupants or
RESIDUAL STRESS the stress that function of machinery under normal usage.
remains in an unloaded member
after it has been formed into a SHAPE FACTOR the ratio of the plastic moment to
finished product. (Examples of such the yield moment, or the ratio of the plastic
stresses include, but are not limited modulus to the section modulus for a cross-
to, those induced by cold bending, section.
cooling after rolling, or welding.)
SHEAR-FRICTION Friction between the
RESISTANCE the capacity of a embedment and the concrete that transmits shear
structure or component to resist the loads. The relative misplacement in the plane of the
effects of loads. It is determined by shear load is considered to be resisted by shear-
friction anchors located connection is required.
perpendicular to the plane of the
shear load. SPACE FRAME A three-dimensional structural
framework (as contrasted to a plane frame).
SHEAR LUGS Plates, welded studs,
bolts and other steel shapes that are SPLICE the connection between two structural
embedded in the concrete and elements joined at their ends to form a single,
located transverse to the direction of longer element.
the shear force and that transmit
shear loads introduced into the STABILITY-LIMIT LOAD Maximum (theoretical)
concrete by local bearing at the loads a structure can support when second-order
shear lug-concrete interface. instability effects are included.
SHEAR WALL A wall that in its own STEPPED-COLUMN A column with changes from
plane resists shear forces from one cross section to another occurring at abrupt
applied wind, earthquake or other points within the length of the column.
loads or provides frame stability.
Also called structural wall. STIFFENER A member, usually an angle or plate,
attached to a plate or web of a beam or girder to
SIDEWAYS The lateral movement of distribute load, to transfer shear or to prevent
a structure under the action of lateral buckling of the member to which it is attached.
loads, unsymmetrical vertical loads
or unsymmetrical properties of the STIFFNESS The resistance to deformation of a
structure. member or structure measured by the ratio of the
applied force to the corresponding displacement.
SIDEWAYS BUCKLING the buckling
mode of a multistory precipitated by STORY DRIFT the difference in horizontal
the relative lateral displacements of deflection at the top and bottom of a story.
joints, leading to failure by sideways
of the frame. STRAIN HARDENING Phenomenon wherein
ductile steel, after undergoing considerable
deformation at or just above yield point, exhibits the
SINGLE CURVATURE A deformed capacity to resist substantially higher loading than
shape of a member having one that which caused initial yielding.
smooth continuous arc, as opposed STRAIN-HARDENING STRAIN for structural steels
to double curvature, which contains that have a flat (plastic) region in the stress-strain
a reversal. relationship, the value of the strain at the onset of
strain hardening.
SLENDER SECTION the cross
sections of a member which will STRENGTH DESIGN method of proportioning
experience local buckling in the structural members using load factors and
elastic range. resistance factors such that no applicable limit state
is exceeded (also called load and resistance factor
SLENDERNESS RATIO the ratio of design).
the effective length of a column to
the radius of gyration of the column, STRENGTH LIMIT STRAIGHT limiting conditions
both with respect to the same axis of affecting the safety of the structure, in which the
bending. ultimate load-carrying capacity is reached.
NOMINAL SIZE (Lumber), the Decay resistant: Narra, Kamagong, Dao, Tangile.
commercial size designation of Termite resistant: Narra, Kamagong.
width' and depth, in standard sawn
lumber grades; somewhat larger WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL is a structural panel
than the standard net size of product composed primarily of wood and in meeting
dressed lumber. In accordance to the requirements of Philippine National Standards
Philippine National Standards (PNS).
(PNS). Wood structural panels include all-veneer plywood,
composite panels containing a combination of
NORMAL LOADING, a design load veneer and wood-base material, and mat-formed
that stressed a member or fastening panel such as oriented stranded board and wafer
to the full allowable stress tabulated board.
7-MASONRY Glass masonry
shall comply with
The materials, the Provisions of
design, construction Section 710.
and quality assurance
of masonry shall be in DEFINITIONS
accordance with this
chapter. For the purpose of
this chapter, certain
DESIGN METHODS terms are defined as
lows:
AREAS:
Masonry shall comply
with the provisions of
BEDDED AREA is
one of the following
the area of the
design methods in
surface of masonry,
this chapter as well
which is in contact
as the requirements
with mortar in plane
of Sections 701
of the joint.
through 705.
EFFECTIVE AREA
Working Stress
OF
Design. Masonry
REINFORCEMENT is
designed by the
the cross-sectional
working stress
area of reinforcement
design method
multiplied by the
shall comply with
cosine of the angle
the provisions of
between the
Sections 706 and
reinforcement and the
707.
direction for which
effective area is to be
Strength Design.
determined.
Masonry designed
by the strength GROSS AREA is the
design method total cross-sectional
shall comply with area of a lined
the provisions of section.
Sections 706 and NET AREA is the
708. gross cross-sectional
area minus the area-
Empirical ungrouted cores,
Design. Masonry notches, cells and
designed by the unbedded areas. Net
empirical design area is the actual
method shall surface area of cross
comply with the section of masonry.
provisions
Sections 706.1 TRANSFORMED
and 709. AREA is the
equivalent area of
Glass Masonry. one material to a
second based debris. from the specified GROUTED
on the ratio of dimension by more MULTIWYTHE
moduli of COLLAR than amount allowed MASONRY is that
elasticity of JOINT is the in the appropriate form of grouted
the first mortared or standard of quality in masonry construction
material to the grouted space Section 702. in which the space
second. between between the wythes
wythes of NOMINAL is solidly or
BOND: masonry. DIMENSIONS of periodically filled with
masonry units are grout.
ADHESION COLUMN, equal to its specified
BOND is the REINFORCE dimensions plus the JOINTS:
adhesion D, is a vertical thickness of the joint
between structural with which the unit is BED JOINT is the
masonry units member in laid. mortar joint that is
and mortar or which both the horizontal at the time
grout. reinforcement SPECIFIED masonry units is
and masonry DIMENSIONS are the placed.
REINFORCIN resist dimensions specified
G BOND is compression. for the manufacture HEAD JOINT is the
the adhesion or construction of mortar joint having a
between steel COLUMN, masonry, masonry vertical transverse
reinforcement UNREINFOR units, joints or any plane.
and mortar or CED, is a other component of a
grout. vertical structure.
structural MASONRY UNIT is
BOND BEAM member GROUT LIFT is an brick, tile, stone,
is a horizontal whose increment of grout glass block or
grouted horizontal height within the total concrete block
element within dimension grout pour. conforming to the
masonry in measured at requirements
which right angles to GROUT POUR is the specified in Section
reinforcement the thickness total height of 702.
is embedded. does not masonry wall to be
exceed three grouted prior to the HOLLOW-
CELL is a void times the erection of additional MASONRY UNIT is a
space having thickness. masonry. A grout pour masonry unit whose
a gross cross- will consist of one or net cross-sectional
sectional area DIMENSIONS more grout lifts. areas (solid area) in
greater than : any plane parallel to
967 mm2. GROUTED the surface containing
ACTUAL HOLLOW-UNIT cores, cells or deep
CLEANOUT DIMENSIONS MASONRY is that frogs is less than 75
is an opening are the form of grouted percent of its gross
to the bottom measured masonry construction cross-sectional area
of a grout dimensions of in which certain measured in the
space of a designated designated cells of same plane.
sufficient size item. The hollow units are
and spacing to actual continuously filled SOLID-MASONRY
allow the dimension with grout. UNIT is a masonry
removal of shall not vary unit whose net cross-
sectional area in which two considered a wythe.
in any plane or more
parallel to the wythes are
surface bonded to act
containing the as a structural
cores or cells unit.
at least 75
percent of the CAVITY
gross cross- WALL is a
sectional area wall
measured in containing
the same continuous air
plane. space with a
minimum
PRISM is an width of 51
assemblage of mm and a
masonry units maximum
and mortar width of 114
with or without mm between
grout used as wythes which
a test are tied with
specimen for metal ties.
determining
property WALL TIE is a
masonry. mechanical
metal fastener
REINFORCE which
D MASONRY connects
is that form of wythes of
masonry masonry to
construction in each other or
which to other
reinforcement
materials.
acting in
I
conjunction
WEB is an
with masonry
interior solid
is used to
portion of a
resist forces.
hollow-
masonry unit
SHELL is the
as placed in
outer portion
masonry.
of a hollow
masonry unit
WYTHE is the
as placed in
portion of a
masonry.
wall, which is
one masonry
WALLS:
unit in
thickness. A
BONDED collar joint is
WALL is a not
masonry wall