STEPS FOR STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

1. Free individual body(s)

2. Draw applied force/moments

3. Draw assumed constraint forces

ANALYTICAL STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS
Solving Equilibrium Equations 4. Write equilibrium equations for each free body
(total 3N)

5. Solve the equations for unknowns

SOLVING EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS SOLVING EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS

A
F1 = ? Solution 1
2 A
2 & Mo =
O
F1 h 1 2
F2 T F, n =
0
F1
-

1 T
F2 h OA sin (0, + 02)
=

O 1 T
O T-F , CoAsin (0 , + 02)) =
0

F, =
osin (0 ,
+ O2)

Two external forces are parallel, opposite and equal.

3 4
 SOLVING EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS Solution 1 ΣM0 = 0
F1 = ?
x A T – F1h = 0
2
A F1 Solution 2 h= sin (θ1 + θ2)
1 2
h
y F1 T – F1 sin (θ1 + θ2) = 0
F2 y
F2
F1
1 T ∴ F1 =
x 1 T sin ( 1 + 2)
F2 O
O
Solution 2 ΣM0 = 0
x y
x T– F1 sinθ1 – F1 cosθ1 = 0
A F1
A x
F1 = F1cosθ2
y
F1 = F1sinθ2
2 y
F2 y T – F1cosθ2 sinθ1 – F1sinθ2 cosθ1 = 0
F1 F1
F2 T F1 (sinθ1cosθ2 + cosθ1sinθ2) = T
x 1
1 T F2
O
O ∴ F1 =
sin ( 1 + 2)
5 6

GRAPHICAL STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS GRAPHICAL STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

SAMPLE PROBLEM 9.1 FIGURE 9.10 (a) Graphical force analysis of a

slider-crank mechanism acted on by piston
 force P and crank torque T. 

Static-Force Analysis of a Slider-Crank Mechanism

Consider the slider-crank linage shown in Fig 9.10a,
representing a compressor at so low a speed that
inertial effects are negligible. It is assumed that gravity
forces also are small compared with the other forces
and that all forces lie in the same plane.
The dimensions are
OB=30 mm, and BC=70mm.

Find the required crankshaft torque T for a total gas

pressure force P = 40 N when the crank angle   45.
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 GRAPHICAL STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS GRAPHICAL STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

FIGURE 9.10 (a) Graphical force analysis of a FIGURE 9.10 (a) Graphical force analysis of a
slider-crank mechanism acted on by piston slider-crank mechanism acted on by piston
force P and crank torque T.  force P and crank torque T. 

9 10

GRAPHICAL STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

FIGURE 9.10 (a) Graphical force analysis of a

slider-crank mechanism acted on by piston
force P and crank torque T. (b) Static force 
balances for the three moving links, each
considered as a free body.

F21h  T  0

T  F21h BLANK PAGE

Scaled
=

T  F21h  ( 42.0 N )( 26.6mm ) F23  42.0 N

OB=30 mm
 1.12 N  m
Scaled
P=40N
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 STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

Sample Problem – Sample Problem – Front-End Loader

Front-End Loader
Solution:
Question: The xy coordinate system has been selected with x
Fig 9.13(a) is a photograph of a front-end
loader showing the linkage arrangement for horizontal and y vertical.
the boom mechanism. The boom is
actuated by 2 hydraulic cylinders, one on FIGURE 9.13(a) A front-end loader.
each side of the machine, and the bucket is (Source: Sperry New Holland Company.)
pivoted relative to the boom by a third
hydraulic cylinder.
Neglecting member weights and friction
effect, determine the cylinder force Fc
required for static equilibrium of the boom
in the position shown under a total bucket
load of 4000 N (2000 N per 1 side).

FIGURE 9.13 (b) Dimensions FIGURE 9.13 (c) Free-body diagram of FIGURE 9.13 (b) Dimensions
the bucket and boom
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STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

Applying Equilibrium Equations Applying Equlibrium Equations

Fcx  F12 x  F32 x  0 (a) Fcx  F12 x  F32 x  0 (a)
Fcy  F12 y  F32 y  P  0 (b) Fcy  F12 y  F32 y  P  0 (b)
Summing moments about point O, Summing moments about point O,
2.84 P  0.71F32 x  0.90 Fcx  0.22 Fcy  0 (c) 2.84 P  0.71F32 x  0.90 Fcx  0.22 Fcy  0 (c)

Eqs. (a) to (c) are a system of three equations with six unknowns.

FIGURE 9.13 (c) Free-body diagram of FIGURE 9.13 (b) Dimensions

the bucket and boom
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 STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

Substituting Eqs. (d) to (f) into Eqs. (a) to (c), we have

(0.545) Fc  (0.788) F12  (0.940) F32  0

(0.839) Fc  (0.616) F12  (0.342) F32  2 ,000  0

5,680  (0.667) F32  (0.675) Fc  0

From Fig. 9.13(c), Solving these equations for the unknowns, we obtain

Fcx  Fc cos(57 ) Fcy  Fc sin(57  ) (d) Fc  6,595 N F12  6,758 N F32  1,842 N
F12 x  F12 cos(38 ) F12 y  F12 sin(38 ) (e)
The cylinder force Fc required for static equilibrium
F32 x  F32 cos(20 )

F32 y  F32 sin(20  ) (f)
is 6,595 N.

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STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

F12 x  F12 cos(38 ) F12 y  F12 sin(38 )

Fc  6,595 N F12  6,758 N F32  1,842 N

The components of F12 act in the negative coordinate
directions.
Member 3 and the cylinder are acted on by compressive
forces, whereas member 1 is in tension for the position
analyzed.
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