Asian

Regionalism
 OBJECTIVES

Objectives:
➢ Differentiate between regionalization and globalization
➢ Identify the factors leading to a greater integration of the
Asian region; and
➢ Analyze how different Asian states confront the challenges
of globalization, regionalization, and COVID 19.

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 What are regions?

➢ (1) Regions are a group of countries located in the

same geographically specified area;
➢ (2) Regions can be a combination of two regions;
➢ (3) Regions can be a combination of more than two
regions organized to regulate and oversee flows and
policy choices.

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defined as a political ideology
that favors a specific region over
a greater area. It usually results
due to political separations,
religions geography, cultural
boundaries, linguistic regions,
and managerial divisions.

Product of economic interaction

between Asian countries.

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 What is regionalization?
➢ The process of dividing an area into smaller
segments called regions.
➢ Division of a nation into states or provinces.
➢ In the economic context, regionalization is a
management tool

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 What is regionalism?

➢ Regionalism is created as a sort of

counter-globalization
➢ Regional organizations will always
prefer regional partners over the rest of
the world.

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 What is globalization?

➢ The expansion and intensification of

social relations and consciousness
across world-space and world-time.

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 The differences
between
regionalization
and globalization
 Globalization Regionalization

Promotes integration Divides an area

NATURE of economies across into smaller
state borders all segments
around the world

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 Globalization Regionalization

Allows many Monopolies are more

MARKET corporations to trade likely to develop.
on international level; Monopoly means one
it allows free market producer controls
supply of a good or
service, and where
the entry of new
producers is
prevented or highly
restricted.

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 Globalization Regionalization
Acceleration to Does not support
multiculturalism multiculturalism
CULTURAL & through free and
SOCIETAL inexpensive
RELATIONS movement of people

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 Globalization Regionalization
AID Globalized A regionalized area
international does not get
communities are involved in the
more willing to aid affairs of other areas
countries stricken by
disasters

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 Globalization Regionalization
TECHNOLOGICAL Globalization has Advanced
ADVANCES
driven great technology is
advances in rarely available
technology in one country or
region.

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 Regional
integration
is the process by which two or more
nation-states agree to co-operate and
work closely together to achieve
peace, stability and wealth.

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 The entire world is moving towards integration,
it is inevitable. In Asia, the Southeast Asian countries
have already formed ASEAN (ASSOCIATION OF
SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS. This regional power
block appears to work fine, the member states fit very
well together because of the following factors:

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 Why do countries form regional associations?

Military Defense
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was
formed to protect Europe from the threat of the
Soviet Union; and as a response, the Soviet Union
created the Warsaw Pact.

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 Why do countries form regional associations?

Economic Crisis
The ASEAN countries along with China, Japan, and
South Korea established an emergency fund that
stabilized Asian economies after the rippling effect
of the Thai economy’s collapse.

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 Why do countries form regional associations?

Resources
Countries need to pool their resources together to
make themselves more powerful. The Organization
of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) rose in
power when they took over domestic production and
controlled crude oil prices across the globe.

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 Why do countries form regional associations?

Protection of Independence
The countries under the Non-Alignment Movement
(NAM) refused to side with the capitalists (Western
Europe & North America) or the communists
(Eastern Europe).

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There are many
factors that are
leading the Asian
Region into greater
integration

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➢ First, integration has been market-driven.
Within Asia, there are a variety of systems,
institutions, procedures, social relations, and
infrastructures that are put in a place for
countries to engage in exchange.
➢

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➢ Second, formal institutions such as the Asian
Development Bank (ADB) were established.
Conceived in 1960s, ADB promotes social and
economic development in Asia.

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➢ Third, economic grants and overseas
development assistance are made available by
better Asian economies. For example, the
Japanese International Cooperation Agency
(JICA) aims to work on human security and
quality growth.

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➢ Fourth, production networks have expanded.
Economies are mainly on comparative
advantage through regional division of labor.

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Fifth, cooperation among the ASEAN and East
Asian countries ensued the ASEAN + 3 Financial
Minister’s Process that established two economic
structures – the Chiang Mai Initiative and the
Asian Bond Markets Initiative. The process aims
to strengthen policy dialogue, coordination, and
collaboration on common financial, monetary,
and fiscal issues.

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Challenges to
Regionalism
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➢ Resurgence of militant nationalism and
populism- this involves the conflict between the
NATO, the United States, and Vladimir Putin’s
Anti-NATO movement.

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➢ Continuing financial crisis. The continuing
crisis in the European Region continues to lead
the United Kingdom into exiting the European
Union.

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➢ Conflict between sovereignty and regional
stability. The Philippines had a difficulty in
letting some countries support its condemnation
of China’s occupation of the West Philippine Sea
because China had given great investments and
economic aid to these countries.

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➢ Differing visions of regionalism. Developed
countries like the US may only see regionalism as
a tool for political democratization, but
developing countries see regionalism as an
obstacle to economic globalization because
public inquiry slows down its implementations.

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How do different Asian states
confront the challenges of
globalization, regionalization,
and COVID 19?

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ASEAN
 founded on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia,
Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the
Philippines
 promoted economic growth, social progress
and cultural development in the Southeast
Asian region through multilateral
cooperation.

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➢ “We the nations and peoples of Southeast Asia must get
together and form by ourselves a new perspective and a
new framework for our region. It is important that
individually and jointly we should create a deep
awareness that we cannot survive for long as
independent but isolated peoples unless we also think
and act together and unless we prove by deeds that we
belong to a family of Southeast Asian nations bound
together by ties of friendship and goodwill and imbued
with our own ideals and aspirations and determined to
shape our own destiny”. He added that, “with the
establishment of ASEAN, we have taken a firm and a
bold step on that road”- Tun Abdul Razak
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➢ Energy and environmental concerns- Rapid
economic growth for Asia has led to reliance on
economic imports, increasing the importance of
sea lanes and transformational routes.
➢ Asian states need to empower Science and
technology so that its citizens can eventually
discover or create sustainable energy sources.

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➢ Migration- The combination of rapidly growing
populations in much of the developing world,
increasingly porous national boarders, and
disparities in economic growth rates have sparked
a dramatic increase in international migration.
➢ Like Malaysia, other Asian countries need to
deploy troops and naval vessels to limit the
arrival of migrants.

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➢ Organized crime and threats from “non-state”
actors- Through the increasing ease of
communication and transportation flows, and
growing permeability of national borders,
organized crime networks, terrorism drugs and
weapon traffickers, and even human smugglers
face fewer constraints on their activity.
➢ Asian states must enable stricter laws on
national security.

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➢ Weakening regional institutions because of rifts between
authoritarian members of ASEAN- “Flexible engagement”
allows for countries to comment on each other’s internal
policy matters; these counties can monitor economic
indicators for signs of impending crisis.
➢ Asian countries need to preserve their sovereignty,
meaning they should not allow other states to exert
influence on their political decisions.

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➢ Shifts in balance of power- Deepening economic
integration gives rise to regional economic blocks that
competes for power and influence.
➢ Asian countries need to work together as one region
instead of competing for power, and rise against Western
economic dominance.

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➢ Expanding Roles of the Military- With lingering traditional
threats, the prospect of increased internal tensions in Asian
countries, and the emergence of new security challenges
will place high demand on regional militaries. Increasing
demand for military will likely coincide with a perio of
declining resources.
➢ So as to avoid the declining of resources, countries can
adopt conscription methods similar to that of South
Korea wherein men are required to do compulsory
military conscription for a few years and go back to their
lives eventually. 40
➢ Globalization and Democracy- Authoritarian regimes
suffer more from the effect of globalization than states that
embrace transparency, accountability and the rule of law
because these are norms that are the backbone of
democratic and free-market societies.

➢ Asian countries may have to adopt democracy in order to

have an efficient economic system that is well-criticized
and is therefore well-reviewed by the mass. This way, the
processes become more efficient.
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COVID 19
An infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its
outbreak is having a severe impact on Asian economies and
hence on Asian households.

 Some Asian countries like South Korea acted swiftly to ramp up

health systems, in some instances before even a single COVID-19
case had been confirmed within borders.

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 “
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!

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