10

Radar and Inverse Scattering

Hsueh-Jyh Li and 10.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 671

Yean-Woei Kiang 10.2 Parameters of a Pulsed Radar ............................................................. 672
Department of Electrical Engineering, 10.3 Radar Equation ................................................................................ 672
National Taiwan University, 10.4 Radar Cross Section .......................................................................... 672
Taipei, Taiwan
10.4.1 RCS of Simple Objects . 10.4.2 RCS Enhancement and Reduction
10.5 Radar Transmitters ........................................................................... 674
10.6 Radar Receivers and Displays.............................................................. 674
10.6.1 Receiver Noise . 10.6.2 Noise Figure and Temperature . 10.6.3 Mixers .
10.6.4 IF Amplifiers . 10.6.5 Displays
10.7 Radar Antennas................................................................................ 676
10.7.1 Aperture Antennas . 10.7.2 Array Antennas
10.8 Clutter............................................................................................ 677
10.9 Radar Detection ............................................................................... 678
10.9.1 Pulse Integration . 10.9.2 RCS Fluctuation
10.10 Continuous Wave Radars ................................................................... 679
10.10.1 Continuous Wave Radar . 10.10.2 Frequency-Modulated CW Radar
10.11 Moving Target Indicator and Pulse Doppler Radars................................ 680
10.11.1 Moving Target Indicator Radar . 10.11.2 Pulse Doppler Radar
10.12 Tracking Radar................................................................................. 682
10.12.1 Glint Error . 10.12.2 Track-While-Scan Radar
10.13 High-Resolution Radar...................................................................... 683
10.13.1 Resolution . 10.13.2 Pulse Compression
10.14 High Cross-Range Resolution Radar .................................................... 684
10.14.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar . 10.14.2 Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar
10.15 Inverse Scattering ............................................................................. 686
10.15.1 Definition and Applications . 10.15.2 Properties of the Inverse Scattering Problem .
10.15.3 Integral Equation Formulations: Three-Dimensional Case . 10.15.4 Methods for
Solving the Inverse Scattering Problem
References ....................................................................................... 690

10.1 Introduction
Radar is constructed from the words radio detection and
ranging. The early purpose of a radar was to detect the presence
of a target and measure its range by transmitting radio waves.
Modern radars not only detect target and measure distances,
but they also have the capability of locating, imaging, and
identifying targets. A typical radar consists of a transmitter, an
antenna, a receiver, a signal processor, and a display.
There are different types of radars. According to the physical
relationship between the transmitting and receiving antennas,
they can be classified into monostatic radars and bistatic
radars. The monostatic radar has a common antenna used
for both transmitting and receiving, while the bistatic radar
has transmitting and receiving antennas separated by a con-
siderable distance. According to the waveforms transmitted,
radars can be classified into continuous wave (CW) radars or
pulsed radars. A CW radar’s transmitter operates continuously.

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