BRITISH STANDARD |

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447 : 1997
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Grout for prestressing |
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tendons Ð |
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Specification for common |
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grout |
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The European Standard EN 447 : 1996 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 91.100.10; 91.100.30 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 447 : 1997

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural
use of concrete, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Consulting Engineers

British Cement Association
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
Concrete Society
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of the Environment (Construction Sponsorship Directorate)
Department of Transport (Highways Agency)
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
Steel Reinforcement Commission

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 November 1997

 BSI 1997
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date Text affected

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/525/2
Draft for comment 91/10647 DC

ISBN 0 580 28324 0

 BS EN 447 : 1997

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/525/2 and is the English
language version of EN 447 : 1996 Grout for prestressing tendons Ð Specification for
common grout published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
EN 447 was produced as a result of European discussions in which the UK took an
active part. The UK voted against this standard at the CEN Formal Vote stage because
UK industry considered the standard to be insufficient in providing suitable
specification requirements for grouting materials and procedures, particularly for
highway bridges.
The UK conducted significant development work and subsequently published Concrete
Society Technical Report No. 47 Durable Bonded Post Tensioned Concrete Bridges,
prepared by a Concrete Society Working Party in collaboration with the Concrete
Bridge Development Group (September 1996), to which reference may be made.
At the CEN Formal Vote stage, however, the analysis of voting resulted in a positive
vote and in accordance with CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 2 : Common
rules for standards work EN 447 was accepted as a European Standard.
Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
ENV 197-1 : 1989 DD ENV 197 Cement. Composition, specifications and
conformity criteria
Part 1 : 1995 Common cements
ENV 1992-1-1 : 1991 DD ENV 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
Part 1-1 : 1992 General rules and rules for buildings
(together with United Kingdom National Application
Document)
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, an EN title
page, pages 2 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover.

 BSI 1997 i
ii blank
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 447
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM March 1996

ICS 91.100.30

Descriptors: Cables, ropes, prestressed concrete, grouting, specification

English version

Grout for prestressing tendons Ð Specification for common grout

Coulis pour caÃble de preÂcontrainte Ð EinpreûmoÈrtel fuÈr Spannglieder Ð

Prescriptions pour les coulis courants Anforderungen fuÈr uÈblichen EinpreûmoÈrtel

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-28. CEN members are
bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 447 : 1996 E
Page 2
EN 447 : 1996

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
Technical Committee CEN/TC 104, Concrete Ð
Performance, production, placing and compliance Foreword 2
criteria, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. 0 Introduction 3
This European Standard shall be given the status of a 1 Scope 3
national standard, either by publication of an identical 2 Normative references 3
text or by endorsement, at the latest by
September 1996, and conflicting national standards 3 Definitions 3
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1996. 3.1 Common grout 3
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, 3.2 Special grout 3
the following countries are bound to implement this
4 Materials 3
European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, 4.1 General 3
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, 4.2 Cement 3
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
4.3 Water 3
4.4 Admixtures 3
5 Properties of grout 4
5.1 General 4
5.2 Fluidity 4
5.3 Bleeding 4
5.4 Volume change 4
5.5 Strength 4
6 Batching and mixing of grout 4

 BSI 1997
 Page 3
EN 447 : 1996

0 Introduction
In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction,
grouting of tendons is an important operation. The
intention of this European Standard is to provide a
specification for grouts, compliance with which will
satisfy the recommendations in ENV 1992-1-1.
The main functions of the grout are:
± to protect the tendons against corrosion; and
± to provide bond between the tendons and the
sheaths.
3 Definitions
3.1 common grout
Homogeneous mixture of Portland cement, water and
admixtures.
3.2 special grout
Grout consisting of a homogeneous mixture of cement,
water, admixture and additions and possessing
characteristics distinct from those of common grout.
NOTE. This grout is not covered by this standard.

1 Scope
This European Standard covers the materials which
may be used in the manufacture of commonly
produced grouts and are defined herein as `common
grouts'. Other more specialized grouts may require
additional specification to that given herein and are
defined herein as `special grouts'.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the
appropriate places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For
undated references the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies.
ENV 197-1 : 1989 Cement Ð Composition,
specifications and conformity
criteria Ð Part 1: Common
cements
4 Materials
4.1 General
Grout shall consist of Portland cement, water and
admixtures. The materials used shall be such that the
chloride content of the grout shall not exceed 0,1 %
Cl2 of the mass of the cement. This value is the
summation of the chlorides occurring as permitted
impurities in the constituent materials. The deliberate
addition of chlorides is not permitted.
4.2 Cement
Cement shall comply with type CEM I according to
ENV 197-1 (see also clause 4 of EN 446).
NOTE. In some member countries it is permissible to use cements
with a total content of up to 20 % of granulated blast furnace slag
or fly ash. This may furthermore apply when it is in conformity
with national standards or provisions valid in the place of the
concrete structure.
4.3 Water
Water shall comply with EN 1008.
4.4 Admixtures
Admixtures shall comply with EN 934-4. It shall be
permissible to use admixtures singly or in combination.

EN 445 Grout for prestressing

tendons Ð Test methods

EN 446 Grout for prestressing

tendons Ð Grouting procedures

EN 934-4 Admixtures for concrete, mortar

and grout Ð Part 4: Admixtures
for grout Ð Definitions,
specifications and conformity
criteria
EN 1008 Mixing water for concrete1)
ENV 1992-1-1 : 1991 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete
structures Ð Part 1: General
rules and rules for buildings

1) At present at the draft stage.

 BSI 1997
Page 4
EN 447 : 1996

5 Properties of grout 6 Batching and mixing of grout

5.1 General
Grout shall comply with the requirements given in 5.2
to 5.5 for:
± fluidity and bleeding in the plastic condition;
± volume change when hardening;
± strength when hardened.
5.2 Fluidity
The fluidity of the grout during the injection period
shall be sufficiently high for it to be pumped effectively
and adequately to fill the sheath, but sufficiently low to
expel the air and any water in the sheath. When tested
by the methods given in 3.2.1 or 3.2.2 of EN 445 the
grout shall have the values given in table 1.
NOTE. In some countries there are requirements for the variation
in fluidity between duct inlets and outlets.
5.3 Bleeding
The bleeding of the grout shall be sufficiently low to
prevent excessive segregation and settlement of the
grout materials. When tested by one of the methods
given in 3.3 of EN 445 the bleeding shall be less
than 2 % of the initial volume of the grout after 3 h.
5.4 Volume change
The volume change assessed may be either an increase
or decrease. When tested in accordance with the
methods given in 3.4.2 or 3.4.3 of EN 445 the volume
change of the grout shall be within the range 21 % and
+ 5 %. For grouts with expanding agents there shall be
no decrease in volume.
5.5 Strength
The compressive strength of grout may be assessed
using either of the specimen shapes and sizes given in
table 2 and using the corresponding procedure given in
the table. In either case the compressive strength shall
be not less than 30 MPa at 28 days, or 27 MPa at 7 days
if it is proposed to estimate the likely 28 day strength
at 7 days.
All materials shall be batched by mass except the
mixing water which may be batched by mass or
volume. The accuracy of batching shall be:
± 2 % for cement and admixture
± 1 % for water
of the quantities specified.
The maximum water/cement (w/c) ratio shall be 0,44.
Mixing shall be carried out mechanically to obtain a
homogeneous and stable grout with the plastic
properties given in clause 5.
Depending upon environmental or material influences
(e.g. temperature, configuration of the tendon and the
properties of the cement used), the w/c ratio shall be
kept as low as possible having regard to the required
plastic properties of the grout.
A sufficient amount of material shall be batched to
ensure complete grouting of a duct making due
allowance for overflow. The grout shall be mixed in a
machine capable of producing a homogeneous grout
and, after mixing, keeping the grout in slow continuous
agitation, until it is ready to be pumped into the
sheath. Water shall be added to the mixer first,
followed by the cement and admixtures. The batch
quantities of cement and admixtures may be added as
a whole or in part in sequence until the total quantities
are added.

Table 1. Fluidity test requirements

Test method given in EN 445 Immediately after mixing 30 min after mixing1) or at At duct outlet
Time (in s) end of injection period Time (in s)
Time (in s)
Immersion $ 30 # 80 (200)2) $ 30
Cone #25 (50)2) #25 (50)2) $ 10
1) Mixing time shall be measured from the time when all of the materials are in the mixer.
2) For grouts prepared in some mixers which have a high shear mixing action, the upper limits given in table 1 may be increased
to 200 s for the immersion test and 50 s for the cone test. The mixer and these limits shall be subject to the approval of the competent
authority.

Table 2. Compressive strength specimens

Specimen shape Specimen dimensions Test procedure as specified in EN 445
mm
Prism 40 3 40 3 160 clause 3.5.1
Cylinder1) 100 diameter 3 80 height clause 3.5.2
1) In some countries cubes are used to establish compressive strength. Where cubes are used, the dimension shall not exceed 100 mm
and the procedure described in clause 3.5.1 of EN 445 shall be appropriately adapted for such testing. The permission of the
competent authority shall be obtained for the use of cubes.

 BSI 1997
 BS EN 447 : 1997

List of references

See national foreword.

 BSI 1997
 |
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