Hypothesis Testing

Prepared by Ma'am Rae

Hypothesis
Hypothesis is an educated guess that can be tested.

Null Hypothesis

It stands for no change or zero difference. It is the initial claim.

Represented by the equal sign, less than or equal, and greater than or equal..

Alternative Hypothesis

It is the hypothesis believed to be true when a null hypothesis turned out false. Also known
as the research hypothesis.

Represented by not equal, less than, or greater than symbols.

Sample Problems
1) The Accounting Department of a company claims that the mean salary of their employees is P21, 750.00
with a standard deviation of P6, 000.00.

2) A certain class has an average grade of 87 in their respective subjects. A teacher wants to test if their
grades will drop during the final semester.

3) According to a study, college professors work for an average of at most 30 hrs/week during a semester. A
dean of University X randomly selected 26 professors and found out that they work for an average of
35hrs/week with a standard deviation of 3.
Types of Error

Decision is true is false

Accept Correct Type II error

Reject Type I Error Correct

Hypothesis Testing
(Z-Test)
Prepared by Ma'am Rae
 Z-Test
Type of Test
One Tailed Test Level of
Significance One Tailed
When rejection only lies on one tail of the
distribution.
Two Tailed
Left Tailed Right Tailed
It can be left tailed or right tailed.
z>1.96 or
0.05 z<-1.645 z>1.645
z<-1.96
Two Tailed Test
z>2.575 or
0.01 z<-2.33 z>2.33
When rejection lies on both tails of a z<-2.575
distribution
z>1.645 or
0.10 z<-1.28 z>1.28
z<-1.645
Sample Problems
1) The Cashier Department of QT University claims that the mean monthly salary of their employees is
P22, 500.00 with a standard deviation of P7, 000.00. A researcher takes a random sample of 80
employees and found out that they have a mean monthly salary of P18, 750.00. Do the employees
have lower salaries? Test the claim at 5% level of significance.
 Sample Problems
2) The mean weight of a baggage carried into an individual passengers at ABC International Airport is 18.8 kg.
A statistician takes a random sample of 40 baggages to find out if the mean weight of the baggages is heavier
than the original claim and obtains a mean of 19.8kg and standard deviation of 6kg. Test the claim at 10%
level of significance.
 Sample Problems
3) The supervisor of RST Company claims that the mean weight of their laundry product is 350grams. A
group of student researchers selected 50 packs of their product and found out that the mean weight is
345grams with a standard deviation of 5.5g. Test the claim at 0.01 level of significance.
Hypothesis Testing
(T-Test)
Prepared by Ma'am Rae
 df = n - 1

T-Test

A t-test is usually used when the sample size

is small (n<30).

The mathematical restriction that we need to

put in place when estimating a statistic called
the degree of freedom is found using the
formula df = n - 1.
Sample Problems
1) The Accounting Department of a company claims that the mean salary of their employees is P21, 750.00
with a standard deviation of P6, 000.00. A researcher takes a random sample of 25 and found out that they
have a mean salary of P19, 375.00. Do the employees have lower salaries? Test the claim at 0.01 level of
significance.
Sample Problems
2) According to the CHED, college professors work for an average of not greater than 30 hrs/week during a
semester. A dean of University X randomly selected 26 professors and found out that they work for an average of
35hrs/week with a standard deviation of 3. Test the claim at 0.01 level of significance.