circle

- a set of all points on a plane

- all points are equidistant
- named by the center

others
chord - line that connects two points
diameter - line that passes through the center (longest chord)
radius - segment joining the center to a point on the circumference
-- congruent circles have congruent radii
tangent - line that intersects the circle at exactly one point
secant - line that intersects the circle at two points
arc - portion of the circumference of a circle
-- semicircle: half of the circle (180 degrees)
-- minor arc: less than semicircle (less than 90 degrees)
-- major arc: greater than a semicircle (more than 180 degrees)

two circles can intersect in two points, one point, or no points

- coplanar circles that intersect in one point are tangent circles
- coplanar circles that have the same center are called concentric circles

common tangent
- tangent to two coplanar circles
-- common internal tangent -- center intersects
-- common external tangent -- have no intersection

theorems on radii and chords

the endpoints of a chord are also the endpoints of an arc

theorems
1. same circle or in congruent circles
-- equal arcs have equal chords
-- equal chords have equal arcs
2. same circle or in congruent circles
-- equal chords are equidistant from the center
-- chords that are equidistant from the center are congruent

3. in a circle if radii (diameter) is perpendicular to a chord then it bisects the chord and its arc

tangents
theorems
1. if a line is tangent to a circle then it is perpendicular to the radius drawn or the point of
tangency.

2. if two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from the some eternal points, the distance from
the common point to the point of tangency are equal

arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles

central angle
- an angle where the vertex is the center of the circle and the arc is the radii of the circle.
- the degree measure of the central angle is equal to the degree measure of the intercepted arc

insribed angle
- an angle whose vertax lies on the circle and whose sides are chords of the circle
- the degree measure is half the measure of its intercepted arc
- a polygon is said to be insribed in a circle of all its vertices lie on the circle
-- the opposite angle of an inscribed quadrilateral are supplementary

angles formed by chords, secants, and tangents

the vertex if each angle is inside the circle

- the measure of the angle formed is one-half the sum of the measure of the arcs intercepted by
the angle and its vertical angle
the vertex of each of the following angles is on the circle
- the measure of the angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc

the vertex of each of the following angles is outside the circle

- the measure of the angle is one-half of the positive difference of the measures of the arcs

power theorem

intersecting chords theorem (chords-chords power theorem)

- chord intersection is inside the circle
- the product of lengths of the segments of one chord is equal to the other chord

secant segments theorem (secant-secant power theorem)

- segments are drawn to the circle at an external point
- the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external part is equal to the other

tangent- secant segment theorem (tangent-secant power theorem)

- secant and tangent are drawn to a circle at an external point
- the product of the secant and external point it equal to the tangent segment

two-tangent theorem
- tangent segments are drawn to the circle at an external point
- the distance from the common point to the points of tangency are equal