FRICTION

𝝁𝒔 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

FRICTIONAL FORCE f = 𝝁𝑵 𝝁𝒌 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

This is defined as the force which f

opposes the movement of the STATIC DYNAMIC
(equilibrium) (in motion)
tendency of movement.
𝝁𝒔 𝑵 limiting (impending)
1. STATIC FRICTION
𝝁𝒌 𝑵
- friction force when the body remains dynamic (in motion)
at rest and has a value between zero
and limiting friction.
2. LIMITING FRICTION
- Limiting value of frictional force
0 P (motion)
P
when the motion is impending.
3. DYNAMIC FRICTION 𝝁𝒔 > 𝝁𝒌 𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝝁𝒔 𝑵 (impending)
- The frictional resistance experienced
by the body while moving.
ANGLE OF FRICTION
Angle of Friction, 𝜽
P W
𝒇
tan 𝜽 =
𝑵

Angle of Limiting Friction, 𝜶

- Maximum value of angle of friction
f 𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝝁𝒔 𝑵
tan 𝛂 = =
R
𝑵 𝑵
𝜽
tan 𝛂 = 𝝁𝒔 (𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏)
N
SITUATION 1: Determine the maximum force P that can be applied without
causing movement of the 250-lb crate which has a center of gravity at G. The
coefficient of static friction at the floor is µs = 0.4.
W = 250 lb
Check for Impending Sliding

f =0.4N

N
SITUATION 1: Determine the maximum force P that can be applied without
causing movement of the 250-lb crate which has a center of gravity at G. The
coefficient of static friction at the floor is µs = 0.4.
W = 250 lb
Check for Impending Tipping

f =0.4N

N
SITUATION 2: If the coefficient of static friction at the contact points A
and B is µs = 0.4, determine the following if the girl is 75-lb and the
plank is 20-lb:
a. Reaction at A
b. Reaction at B
c. Minimum distance d can a girl stand on
the plank without causing it to slip
 75 lb

Calculating for angle of friction:

20 lb
tan 𝛂𝑨 = 𝝁𝒔𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎
𝛂𝑨 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒°
fB

RBsin66. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒° tan 𝛂𝑩 = 𝝁𝒔𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎

RAsin𝟑𝟖. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟔°
𝛂𝑩 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒°
RB
𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒°
fA
NB
𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒° 𝟒𝟓°
NA RA𝟑𝟖. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟔° 𝟔𝟔. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒°

60°

RAcos𝟑𝟖. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟔° RBcos66. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒°

 75 lb

Calculating for angle of friction:

20 lb
tan 𝛂𝑨 = 𝝁𝒔𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎
𝛂𝑨 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖°

RBsin66. 𝟖° tan 𝛂𝑩 = 𝝁𝒔𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎

RAsin𝟑𝟖. 𝟐°
𝛂𝑩 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖°

fA

RAcos𝟑𝟖. 𝟐° RBcos66. 𝟖°
 75 lb

20 lb

RBsin66. 𝟖°
RAsin𝟑𝟖. 𝟐°

fA

RAcos𝟑𝟖. 𝟐° RBcos66. 𝟖°
SITUATION 3: The man is trying to push the homogeneous 20- kg ladder AB up a wall by applying the horizontal
force P. The coefficient of static friction between the ladder and both contact surfaces is 0.3.
0.3NB = fB
a. Determine the smallest value of P that would move the ladder.

NB W = 196.2 N

0.3NA= fA

NA

W = 20(9.81) = 196.2 N
SITUATION 3: The man is trying to push the homogeneous 20- kg ladder AB up a wall by applying the horizontal
force P. The coefficient of static friction between the ladder and both contact surfaces is 0.3.
0.3NB = fB
b. Determine the reaction at A.
NB = 102.8897
W = 196.2 N

P=171.0098
c. Determine the reaction at B.

0.3NA= fA

NA = 227.0669

W = 20(9.81) = 196.2 N
BELT FRICTION

• In the equation, T2 will always be larger than T1.

• β must be in radians and may be larger than 2π.
• If a rope is wrapped around a post n times, β = 2πn
• If the belt is actually slipping, use µk.
SITUATION 4: Calculate the pull P that must be exerted to slowly lower the
mass m=102 kg down the incline plane considering the following cases.

a. The friction between the drum and the

rope is negligible while the coefficient
of friction between the mass and the
inclined surface is 0.25.
b. The coefficient of friction at all surfaces
of contact is 0.25.
c. The maximum pull P required to start
raising the mass up the incline
considering the situation of part 2.
a. Lower the mass, no belt friction

T
W
Wcos45° Wsin45°

45°

N
f = 0.25 N
Analyzing the drum:

n=1.125 turns
frictionless

T = 530.6589 N

Therefore, P = T = 530.6589 N
SITUATION 4: Calculate the pull P that must be exerted to slowly lower the
mass m=102 kg down the incline plane considering the following cases.

a. The friction between the drum and the

rope is negligible while the coefficient
of friction between the mass and the
inclined surface is 0.25.
b. The coefficient of friction at all surfaces
of contact is 0.25.
c. The maximum pull P required to start
raising the mass up the incline
considering the situation of part 2.
b. Lower the mass, with belt friction Analyzing the drum:

P
T
W
n=1.125 turns
Wcos45° Wsin45°
𝝁𝒔 = 0.25
45°
T = 530.6589 N

N
f = 0.25 N

T = 530.6589 N
SITUATION 4: Calculate the pull P that must be exerted to slowly lower the
mass m=102 kg down the incline plane considering the following cases.

a. The friction between the drum and the

rope is negligible while the coefficient
of friction between the mass and the
inclined surface is 0.25.
b. The coefficient of friction at all surfaces
of contact is 0.25.
c. The maximum pull P required to start
raising the mass up the incline
considering the situation of part 2.
c. Raise the mass, with belt friction

T
W
Wcos45° Wsin45°
f = 0.25 N
45°

N
Analyzing the drum:

n=1.125 turns
𝝁𝒔 = 0.25

T = 884.4315 N