PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayambang Campus
Laboratory School – High School
Bayambang, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2023 - 2024

A Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 11

(Tangent Line and the Derivatives)

Prepared by:

MA. PRINCESS MONIQUE O. DE VERA

Teaching Intern

Prepared to:

JUSTIN J. MARTINEZ
Supervising Instructor

Date of Passing: April 22, 2024

Date of Teaching: April 24, 2024
I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to achieve 85% proficient level of the following:
A. define a tangent line,
B. determine the slope and the equation of the tangent line to a curve at a given point: and
C. find the derivative of a function.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic : Tangent Line and the Derivatives
B. References : Orines et al. (2022). Next Century Mathematics Basic Calculus
(Second Edition) Senior High School (pp. 93-103). Phoenix Publishing House.
: Basic Calculus Learner’s Material, Quarter 3. First Edition 2020. (pp. 5-26)
C. Materials : PowerPoint Presentation with Classpoint, GeoGebra Calculator Suite, Google
Meet, and a laptop.
D. Values Integration : Active Participation and Cooperation

III. Procedures
Teacher’s Activity
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Greetings
2. Prayer
3. Checking of Attendance
4. Classroom Management
B. Review

The teacher will ask some questions to recapitulate about the formula of a slope of a line and how to find
the slope of the line.

Activity 1: Recall-ection

Find the slope of the line containing the following points.

1. (1, 2) and (9, - 5)
2. (0, 4) and (- 2, 4)
3. (-1, -1) and (6, 3)

C. Motivation

The teacher will ask the students to open classpoint.app in their google chrome or browser and enter the
code “M2828” and “your name,” (Ex. Monique De Vera) that serves as the activity.

Activity 2: Draw a Tangent Line (Classpoint)

In the given activity, the students will draw tangent on a circle or any form of tangent line that they could
think about. (With this, they will only simply click on “Open slide,” choose a marker color and start drawing
on the slide and submit their work.) The teacher can see the work of the students and ask them what they
observed.
 D. Presentation of the Lesson

With the activity, the teacher will ask a question.

Guide Questions:
Based on the activity, how are you going to define a tangent line?

E. Development of the Lesson

1. The teacher will elaborate more about the Tangent Line and explain how to get to the slope of a tangent
line.

Slope of a Tangent Line

In plane geometry, a tangent line is defined as a line that intersects a circle at only one point. This
definition of tangent line does not work for a curve in general.

In working with a definition of tangent line to any curve, the slope of the tangent line and the point of
tangency will be considered.

If a line is drawn passing through 𝑃 and 𝑄. 𝑃𝑄 is a secant line.

Since Q can be at different positions on f(𝑥), 𝑄 can be on the right
or left side of 𝑃. Let ∆x (read as delta x) be the difference of the
x-coordinates of 𝑃 and 𝑄. That is:
∆x = x2 – x1→ x2 = ∆x + x1

Since 𝑄 is a moving point, an increment in 𝑥 may occur as

𝑥 changes from x1 to x2.

Slope of a Tangent Line

If the function f(x) is continuous at x₁, then the slope of the tangent line to the curve f (x) at the point
P(x₁, f (x₁)) is
𝒇(∆𝒙 + 𝒙𝟏 ) − 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 )
𝐥𝐢𝐦
∆𝒙→𝟎 ∆𝒙

2. The teacher will provide some problems on tangent line to be solved together with the students.
a. Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 at the point (2,4).
b. Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 1 at the point (1,0).
c. Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = √4𝑥 − 3 at the point (1,1).

3. The teacher will introduce the definition of derivative.

 The limit of the slope of the tangent line to a curve is one type of limit that is very important in Calculus.
Because of its enormous use, a special name is given to it. It is called derivatives.

Derivative of a Function

The derivative of a function f(x) is another function f'(x) whose value at any real number c in its domain,
is
𝒇(∆𝒙 + 𝒄) − 𝒇(𝒄)
𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
∆𝒙→𝟎 ∆𝒙

provided that this limit exists.

Delta Method
Step 1. In the given equation, replace x with x + ∆x and y with y+ y∆ then simplify.
Step 2. Find ∆y by subtracting the given equation from the equation obtained in Step 1. Simplify.
Step 3. Divide both sides of the equation obtained in Step 2 by ∆x. Simplify.
Step 4. Find the limit as ∆x → 0.

4. The teacher will provide some problems involving derivatives.

Compute the derivative for each of the following functions.
a. 𝑓′(x) = 9x + 5
b. 𝑓′(x) = 3x - 1
c. y = 4𝑥 2 + 15
2
d. y = 𝑥+5
e. y = √𝑥 + 1

F. Generalization

The teacher will ask some questions to the students on what they have learned to the discussion.

IV. Evaluation
I. Find the slope of the tangent line to the given curve at the given point. (2 points each)
1. 𝑦 = 4 − 3𝑥 2 at (-1, 1)
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5 at (1, -4)
II. Find the derivative of each of the functions. (2 points each)
3. 𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 2
4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4

5. y = √𝑥 − 1