Statistical Insights into Leadership, Writing Skills,

and Test Performance Among Grade 11 Students

By: John Willord V. Munar and Aaron John A. Tan

Since p-value > α, H₀ cannot be rejected.

pERCENTAGE OF GRADE 11 WHO Analysis of Differences in Writing
Scores Between Grade 11 HUMSS A and B T-test was used to find the test statistic because n<30.

ARE LEADERS OR OFFICERS The average scores of the HUMSS A and B students under the “Test Strategies and Test

P = 12%
Anxiety” study skill is both 24 respectively. This score implies that the Grade 11
H₀: μx̄ ₁ = μx̄ ₂ (There is no significant difference in Writing between students perform moderately good study skills which shows there is no significant
Grade 11 HUMMS A and HUMMS B.) difference between the two sample means because they are equal.

The average of HUMSS A’s population is assumed to be equal to the average

With a population of 136 students, 16 consider of HUMSS B’s population. In other words, the difference between the sample
T-value P-value
themselves as leaders or officers. This implies that s²ₚ: 15.68 s²μ ₂: 0.92 p: 0.1028 average of HUMSS A and HUMSS B is not big enough to be statistically
among Grade 11 students, a minority tend to take on s²μ ₁: 1.05 t: 1.68 Cv: ±2.0423 significant.

leadership roles, with most preferring to participate as

References:
Two Sample T-Test. Statskingdom.com. https://www.statskingdom.com/140MeanT2eq.html
The t-value is 1.68, while the p-value is 0.1028. The ‌T-Test Calculator for 2 Independent Means. Social Science Statistics.
members. result is not significant at p < 0.05.
https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/studentttest/default2.aspx
‌Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire. https://forms.gle/WtjwJmQnH3SpnqQ76
Q4-5_MUNAR_DATASET_HUMSS_B.xlsx
Q4-5_MUNAR_DATASET_HUMSS_B.xlsx
References:
Q1_MUNAR_DATASET_Overall_Demographic_Profile_Preferred_Learning_Materials_and_Extracurricular_Participation_Responses_.xlsx
HUMSS A HUMSS B
PT Survey Part 2 [Demographic Profile, Preferred Learning Materials and Extracurricular Participation] - Google Forms Survey.
https://forms.gle/XBJYT13ksc97VPh5A?authuser=0
N₁: 15
df₁: 14
N₂: 17
df₂: 16
ANALYSIS OF the Relationship Between
μ₁: 25.07 μ₂: 22.71 Students' Study Skills in Writing and
the study skills of grade 11 SS₁: 198.93
s²₁: 14.21
SS₂: 271.53
s²₂: 16.97
Test Strategies and Their Test
in terms of Writing μ: 25 μ: 22 Anxiety
μ = 23.41 or 23
t-distribution
X Values Y Values X and Y Values Combined
Since p-value > α, H₀ cannot be Σ: 3185 Σ: 3322 N:136
rejected. μ: 23.42 μ: 24.43 Σ(X-Mₓ)(Y-Mᵧ) = 802.691
Σ(X-Mₓ)²: SSₓ=2061.11 Σ(X-Mₓ)²: SSₓ=1663.27
T-test was used to find the test statistic because n<30.
The average scores of the Grade 11 students under the
“Writing” study skill is 23. This score implies that the The average scores of the HUMSS A and B students under the “Writing” study skill is 25 and 22 R Values Therefore, The value of R is 0.4335, which
respectively. This score implies that the Grade 11 students perform moderately good study skills r: 0.4335 corresponds to a Moderate Positive
Grade 11 students perform moderately good study skills which shows there is indeed not that great of a difference between the two sample means. r²: 0.1879
Correlation.
in this area, with more room for improvement.
The average of HUMSS A’s population is assumed to be equal to the average of HUMSS
References: B’s population. In other words, the difference between the sample average of HUMSS Total Scores of Writing, and Test Strategies and Test Anxiety
Q2-3_MUNAR_DATASET_Overall-Study_Skills_Assessment_Questionnaire_Responses.xlsx
Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire. https://forms.gle/WtjwJmQnH3SpnqQ76
A and HUMSS B is not big enough to be statistically significant.
References:
Two Sample T-Test. Statskingdom.com. https://www.statskingdom.com/140MeanT2eq.html

The study skills of grade 11 ‌T-Test Calculator for 2 Independent Means. Social Science Statistics. https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/studentttest/default2.aspx
‌Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire. https://forms.gle/WtjwJmQnH3SpnqQ76
Q4-5_MUNAR_DATASET_HUMSS_B.xlsx

in terms of Test Strategies Q4-5_MUNAR_DATASET_HUMSS_B.xlsx

Analysis of Differences in TEST STRATEGIES AND TEST

and Test Anxiety ANXIETY Scores Between Grade 11 HUMSS A and B
μ = 24.43 or 24 H₀: μx̄ ₁ = μx̄ ₂ (There is no significant difference in Test Strategies
and Test Anxiety between Grade 11 HUMMS A and HUMMS B.)
The average scores of the Grade 11 students under the
“Test Strategies and Test Anxiety” study skill is 24. This
score implies that the Grade 11 students perform T-value P-value
s²ₚ: 11.92 s²μ ₂: 0.7 p: 0.9347 Regression Equation
moderately good study skills in this area, with more room for s²μ ₁: 0.75 t: 0.08 Cv: ±2.0395 y = 0.3894x + 15.306
improvement.
The t-value is 0.08, while the p-value is 0.9347. The
References:
Q2-3_MUNAR_DATASET_Overall-Study_Skills_Assessment_Questionnaire_Responses.xlsx result is not significant at p < 0.05. This implies that students with
Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire. https://forms.gle/WtjwJmQnH3SpnqQ76
higher writing scores may also
HUMSS A HUMSS B exhibit more effective test-taking
Scoring: N₁: 16 N₂: 17 strategies and lower test anxiety,
8-20: Needs study skills improvement in this area df₁: 15 df₂: 16 suggesting a beneficial link
μ₁: 24.69 μ₂: 24.59
21-28: Moderately good study skills in this area SS₁: 197.44 SS₂: 172.12
between writing proficiency and
overall test performance.
29-32: Good study skills in this area s²₁: 13.16 s²₂: 10.76
μ: 24 μ: 24
References: t-distribution
Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire. https://forms.gle/WtjwJmQnH3SpnqQ76