GB/T14478-93

National Standard of the People’s Republic China

Fundamental technical requirements for large and medium intake valves of hydraulic
turbine GB/T14478-93

1. Subjects and Aspects Covered

This national standard specifies the fundamental technical requirements and composition
method of type for large and medium intake valves of hydraulic turbine

This national standard is applicable to the butterfly valves at the inlet of turbines with nominal
diameter 1000mm or more than and the spherical valves with nominal diameter of 500mm or
more than.

2. Normative Reference

GB 191 Symbols of Packing and Storage

GB 8564 Technical Specification for Installation of Turbo-generator

JB 626 Fundamental Technical Requirement of Hydraulic turbine

JB2759 General Technical Requirement for Packing of E& M Products

HG4-329 Rubber Products for Seal(Circular)

3. Terms

3.1. Nominal diameter of intake valve

The internal diameter for water flowing through the valve body at the connection between intake
valve and upstream & downstream penstock

Note: the smaller value shall be chose if the internal diameters of both sides are not same.

3.2. Maximum static pressure

The pressure produced from the horizontal centerline of the intake valve to the maximum water
level at upstream when close of the intake valve

3.3. Maximal static head

The maximal static head undertook at the horizontal centerline of the intake valve when close of
the intake valve

4. Technical Requirement

4.1. The intake valve shall be closed reliably when normal stop or maintenance of turbine

4.2. The intake valve shall be closed dynamically under any of operating conditions of turbine

4.3. The disc of the intake valve shall be at the full opening position or full closing position, which not used
for adjustment of water flow

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4.4. The drag coefficient of the butterfly valve under the full opening shall be less than 0.2

4.5. The intake valve shall be opened normally when the pressure difference on both sides of the intake
valve not more than 30% of the maximum static pressure.

4.6. The intake valve shall be assembled in the factory. After assembly and installation of the intake valve
in the powerhouse, it shall be ensured to act flexible and its full-opening position and full-closing
position shall be correct.

4.7. The structure of the intake valve shall guarantee that the following parts could be replaced under no-
dismantlement of the intake valve body, they are:

a. Seal for shaft throat and perimeter of the butterfly valve;

b. Seal for operation of spherical valve and its shaft throat;

c. Seal for maintenance of spherical valve.

4.8. The standard section shall be unitized in light of the size of 50mm outer-diameter and 30mm internal
diameter adopted for the air belt of the butterfly valve, Generally, the working pressure of the air
belt shall be 0.1~0.2MPa higher than the maximum static pressure. the maximum air pressure
shall be allowed to adjust 0.4 MPa higher than the maximum static pressure.

4.9. The butterfly valve shall be equipped with reliable interlocking device.

4.10. The intake valve shall have its by-pass valve or other structure with same performance as the
by-pass valve4. The expansion joint shall be set up on the by-pass pipe that crosses the
expansion joint of three-seven steel pipes. The nominal diameter of the by-pass valve shall not
be less than 10% of the nominal diameter of the intake valve.

4.11. Generally, the intake valve shall have its vent valve.

4.12. The intake valve shall set up its expansion joint, and the structure of it shall be convenient for
installation and dismantlement. No leakage on from the expansion joint shall occur after
installation of it in the powerhouse.

4.13. Generally, the valve for purpose of maintenance shall be set up at the front of the by-pass valve,
water-filling valve and discharge valve.

4.14. When the water pressurized operation adopted for the seal ring of the spherical valve, the clean
water shall be used.

4.15. When the oil pressurized servomotor adopted for the intake valve, generally, oil accumulator
shall be set up in order to collect the oil leakage from oiled parts and oil drained from the
servomotor during its maintenance.

4.16. The intake valve shall be operated automatically or manual

4.17. Generally, the intake valve shall set up following signaling devices::

a. Signal for position of opening and closing of the intake valve;

b. Signal for position of pistol-type seal ring of spherical valve with diameter of 1000mm and more than;

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c. Signal for on/off of interlocking device;

d. Signal for pressure of air belt.

4.18. Requirement of materials

4.18.1. Generally, the connecting pipe in front of and back of the valve shall use the material that can be
welded with penstock or spiral case together without pre-heat.

4.18.2. The rust measures shall be adopted for the position that valve shaft, bearing and shaft throat
seal contacted each other.

4.18.3. The rust measures shall be adopted for the relative movement face between the seal ring of the
spherical valve and the valve body.

4.18.4. The material can prevent from cavitations and wearing which shall be used for the surface of
metal seal ring of the intake valve.

4.18.5. The combination surface between the clamping plate for the perimeter seal of the butterfly valve
and air belt or solid seal ring shall take measure to prevent rusting. The screws used by the
clamping plate shall be stainless steel.

4.18.6. The air belt or solid seal ring shall be made of quality rubber and its quality shall be in
accordance with requirement of HG4-329.

4.18.7. The seal for shaft end of the intake valve and other seals contacted with oily material shall use
the proof-oil material.

4.18.8. The operating seal surfaces of the by-pass valve, discharge valve and water-filling valve shall
use proof-cavitations and wearing resistance materials; the valve rod shall be stainless steel.

4.19. The composition method for type of the intake valve is attached in the Annex A (supplement).

5. Test

5.1 The parts of the intake valve and accessory that bear the water and oil pressure shall be tested with
pressurized water in factory except of the parts welded on the site.

When the work pressure less than or equal to 2. 5 MPa :

Pt=1.5Pw-----------------------------------------(1)

When the work pressure higher than 2.5MPa，

Pt=2.5*1.5+(Pw-2.5)*1.25 --------------------(2)

In equation (1) and (2): Pw- work pressure, MPa;

Pt-Testing pressure, MPa.

The work pressure at the part which bear water pressure shall be calculated as the maximum
pressurized value, i.e. the maximum water pressure produced at the centerline of the valve when
load rejection of the unit; The work pressure at the part which bear oil pressure shall be
calculated based on the rated work pressure of the oil pressurized device. The method for

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calculation of testing pressure is same as Equation (1) and (2). The testing time shall last 10min
and the abnormal phenomenon such as harmful permanent deformation and leakage, shall not
occur on the pressurized part.

5.2. When the work pressure at the sealing seam of the disc of the intake valve not more than 0.6Mpa, the
penetration test (PT) shall be performed with kerosene oil and no any leakage; When the work
pressure more than 0.6Mpa, the magnetic test (MT) or PT shall be performed to ensure the
water-tightness.

5.3. The intake valve shall be tested for leakage in factory after assembly, the testing time shall last 30min
as the testing pressure calculated based on the maximal static head in the power station. The
leakage of the intake valve shall not be more than the calculated value in Equation (3 ):

where:

Q ―leakage flow of intake valve, L / min;

K ―coefficient;

For double flat butterfly valve with air belt, K=0.402;

For double flat butterfly valve with solid seal, K=0.223;

For spherical valve , K＝0.103。

D ―nominal diameter of intake valve, m

H ―maximum static head, m

The throat seal of the valve and half section of the valve body shall not to have leakage when
leakage testing.

5.4. When the straight cylinder servomotor adopted for the operating mechanism of the intake valve,
When the oil quality is HU-30 stream turbine and the oil temperature at 20 ℃, when the operating
oil pressure up to 2.5 Mpa, the calculated value for the allowable maximum leakage at both
sides of the pistol as follows:

When working pressure is greater than 2.5Mpa,

In equation ( 4 )and (5 ):

Dc―internal diameter of oil cylinder of servomotor, mm ;

q ―The allowable maximum oil leakage when oil pressure at 2.5 MPa , L / min ;

q’―The allowable maximum oil leakage when oil pressure higher than 2.5 MPa，L / min ;

P―operating oil pressure, MPa

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5.5. The intake valve shall be allowed to do the closing test under dynamic water. test, the manufacturer
shall be contacted before the test and the valve and its accessory shall have not any damage
after the test.

6. Installation and Operation

6.1. The on-site installation shall be processed in light of the relative requirement of GB 8564 and drawing
made by the manufacturer and relative technical documents. The representative to the site from
the factory has a right to check the quality of installation of the intake valve and its accessory
devices which meet the requirement described in the drawing and technical documents.

6.2. The oil, water and air piping formed and welded on the site shall be tested with pressurized water or
pressurized oil, the testing time and pressure shall be in accordance with the Clause of 5.1.

6.3. When the expansion joint and connecting pipe weld with the penstock or the extension of spiral case
on the site, the deformation from welding shall be avoided strictly in order to have the alignment
between the flange and the intake valve; and the clearances around the expansion joint shall be
even, to meet the requirement marked in the drawing. All welding seams shall be tested by 100
％ of NDT (non-destructive test).

6.4. The operation of the intake valve shall be performed in light of the relative technical document and
automatic operating program. The routine maintenance for the intake valve and its accessory
shall be carried out

7. Scope of complete supply

7.1. Generally, the complete equipment of the intake valve operated by the oil including:

a. Valve body and its operating mechanism, expansion joint, connecting pipe of up & downstream
of valve, by-pass valve and by-pass pipe, vent valve, oil accumulator, pipe and accessory, etc.

b. Oil pressurized device or oil pump group;

c. Automation components,

7.2. Special tools for installation, dismantlement and maintenance of intake valve and spare parts for
fragile parts.

7.3. The technical documents for each intake valve shall submitted as follows:

a. Installation, operation and manual of intake valve;

b. Delivery documents;

c. Check and test record s in factory;

d. Main assembly drawing, automatic operation systematical drawing, key components drawing,
special tools drawing and process drawing of fragile parts.

Note: the drawing species in item d shall be detailed in the specialized technical requirement.

8. Acceptance and Guaranty

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8.1. The intake valve and its major components shall be ex-worked only after qualified checked by the
factory with enclose of certificate of quality. The user has a right to check the quality and
performance of the products.

8.2. Within the guaranty period, the leakage testing result of the intake valve under normal operating
condition shall be in accordance with the provision described in this technical requirement.

8.3. The guaranty period shall be valid within three years started from dispatch of the complete
equipment or two years started from filling of water based on the conditions in accordance with
the technical requirement, relative storage and operation requirement, the one of above-
mentioned periods which expiration of time limit firstly shall be prevailing.

8.4. The guaranty period for overhaul shall be five years, but for the power station with rich mud and sand,
which shall be negotiated between the supplier and the user.

9. Nameplate, Packing, Transportation and Storage

9.1. The metal nameplate shall be set up on the intake valve, including: name of manufacturer, type,
nominal diameter, maximal static head, maximum pressurized water head and ex-work date, etc.

9.2. The packing, transportation and storage of the intake valve shall be in accordance with the relative
requirement stipulated in the standards of GB191, JB626 and JB2759.

Annex A
Preparation Method of Type for Intake Valve
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(Supplement)

A1 Preparation method for the type of intake valve

- -
Nominal diameter, cm
Type of operation mechanism
Layout mode of valve shaft
Maximum static head, m
Type of valve

A2. The type of the intake valve is expressed by the Pinyin alphabets of Chinese characters. Other code
for the type of intake valve is attached in Table A1.
Table A1
Type of intake valve Code
Discus-type Butterfly Valve DF
Flat-type Butterfly Valve PDF
Spherical Valve QF
A3 The layout mode of the intake valve is expressed by one of Pinyin alphabets of Chinese characters.
Other code for the layout mode of the valve shaft is attached in Table A2.
Table A2
Layout mode of valve shaft Code
Horizontal W
Vertical L
A4 The type of operating mechanism is expressed by one of Pinyin alphabets of Chinese characters.
Other code for the type of operating mechanism is attached in Table A3.
Table A3
Type of Operating Mechanism Code
Pressurized oil operation Y
Pressurized water operation C
Automatic operation D
Manual operation S
Additional notes:
This national standard was proposed by the Ministry of Machinery & Electronic Industry, PRC.
This national standard is under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee of the National Turbine
Standardization
This national standard was drafted jointly by the Dongfang Machinery Works of Ministry of Machinery &
Electronic Industry and Chengdu Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research of the Ministry of
Energy PRC.
The principle drafters are Cao Wenxiu and Zhao Youhua.