TH Hydraulik SMV

5 Hydraulic system
Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942
CONTENTS
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - DESCRIPTION ................................................................... 5-3
General description - load sensing system ....................................................................... 5-3
Function - Load-sensing system ...................................................................................... 5-4
Hydraulic component placement, reach stackers ............................................................ 5-6
COMPONENTS - DESCRIPTION ............................................................................. 5-8
Variable piston pump, Parker series P2 ........................................................................... 5-8
Variable piston pump - Function ................................................................................... 5-9
Load-sensing system .............................................................................................. 5-10
Steering priority valve ................................................................................................... 5-13
hydraulic system steering, principle .............................................................................. 5-14
Directional control valve, Parker M400LS. .................................................................. 5-16
Regenerative valve, lift .................................................................................................. 5-18
Regenerative valve, extended ........................................................................................ 5-19
Regenerative lifting/extension reach stackers, principle ................................................. 5-20
Regenerative lifting ................................................................................................ 5-21
Regenerative extension .......................................................................................... 5-21
Emergency lowering .............................................................................................. 5-21
Directional control valve, Parker L90LS ....................................................................... 5-22
Accumulator charging block, M0382 ........................................................................... 5-24
Hydraulic system reach stackers, principle .................................................................... 5-26
Description of the hydraulic system, reach stackers ...................................................... 5-27
MEASUREMENTS AND ADJUSTMENTS .............................................................. 5-28
Measuring and setting the hydraulic pressure ............................................................... 5-28
Measuring and setting the standby pressure .................................................................. 5-28
Measuring and setting the maximum working pressure ................................................ 5-29
Measuring and setting the delta pressure, Delta-P ........................................................ 5-30
Measuring and setting the delta pressure, two or three pumps ............................... 5-30
Pressure discharge in the accumulator .......................................................................... 5-32
Measuring and setting the accumulator pressure ........................................................... 5-32
Measuring and setting brake pressure govenor .............................................................. 5-32
Measuring and setting parking brake pressure .............................................................. 5-32
Measuring the steering pressure .................................................................................... 5-33
Steering priority valve, adjustment (older models only) ......................................... 5-33
Steering priority valve, adjustment (new models only ............................................ 5-34
Setting the restrictor and non-return valve ................................................................... 5-35
Measuring and setting the pressure reducers and feed pressure for the unit, Elme ......... 5-36
FAULT TRACING ...................................................................................................... 5-38
Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-1

5-2 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942
Hydraulic system - Description
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION - LOAD SENSING SYSTEM
In a load sensing hydraulic system the pump only supplies the flow
required for the functions on each occasion they are connected, i.e.
the pump’s output is not greater than the current load. The
hydraulic system in all SMV’s trucks is load sensing. The
advantages of a load-sensing system are:
• lower energy consumption.
• less heat development.
• greater precision and more flexible manoeuvring of the
machine.
• smaller losses and less wear to the hydraulic system.
• no flow in the system when it is not used.
• only the necessary flow when lifting or moving.
• no unnecessary overpressure when lifting small loads.
In a load-sensing system, the load the system is subjected to is

measured and this controls the output from the hydraulic pump;
the system remains in balance: light load - low output, heavy load -
high output.
The heart of the system is the variable piston pump. When the load
on the system changes, for example, when lifting, a signal provides
the pump with information about the change and a corresponding
change is made to the output.

The diagram shows the principle of a load-sensing system. The

load signal (LS) which controls the pump, is taken from the
directional control valve.
FUNCTION - LOAD-SENSING SYSTEM

The truck driver controls the hydraulic functions using joysticks
that actuate the directional control valve. The system is
proportional, i.e. a small joystick movement gives a small
deflection on the directional control valve (little oil flow), and large
joystick movement gives a larger deflection on the valve (large oil
flow).
V0015
A LS When the directional control valve is closed the pump gives a low
basic pressure, which is known as standby pressure. When the
system is put to work, oil flows through the directional control
valve, from P to A, and a pressure drop arises. This is called DeltaP.
The standby pressure should be slightly higher than DeltaP. It is
important that the pump provides the correct standby pressure in
V0016 P T order for the system to work correctly.
When the joystick is in the neutral position, i.e. when no work is

being carried out, the load signal is 0. The output from the pump,
which corresponds to the standby pressure, is very low and with
that the output requirement from the diesel engine is also low.
V0017

Small joystick movement only requires a small flow, yet high

pressure. The load signal provides the pump with information, this
is then set to give the right output.
45
V0018
Both a large flow and high pressures are required in response to

large joystick movement. The load signal provides the pump with
information, this is then set to give maximum output.
45
V0019

HYDRAULIC COMPONENT PLACEMENT, REACH

STACKERS
V0037

1. Steering cylinder
2. Extension cylinder
3. Gear pump, 25 cc, brake cooling circuit
4. Lifting cylinder
5. Variable piston pump, 105 cc
6. Gear pump, 23 cc
7. Valve, regenerative lifting
8. Steering priority valve
9. Accumulator
10. Directional control valve (extra)
11. Reducing valve, attachment
12. Valve, attachment
13. Parking brake
14. Multi-disc brake
15. Assembly block
16. Directional control valve
17. Accumulator charging block
18. Reducing valve for attachment
21. Steering orbitrol
22. Hydraulic tank
23. Hydraulic tank, brake cooling circuit

Components - description
COMPONENTS - DESCRIPTION
VARIABLE PISTON PUMP, PARKER SERIES P2
V0007
V0006
1. Input shaft 7. Servo piston
2. Adjuster screw, Delta P 8. Swashplate
3. Adjuster screw, Pmax 9. Pump housing
4. Adjuster screw, displacement 10. Piston
5. Outlet 11. Barrel
6. Inlet
V0008

VARIABLE PISTON PUMP - FUNCTION

The input shaft rotates and drives the barrel and pistons. Oil is
drawn into the cylinders on the inlet side and is pressed out of the
cylinders on the outlet side. The volumes (V1) and (V2) are
determined by the angle of the swashplate (A) and the difference
between (V1) and (V2) is the volume of oil (displacement) the
pump gives per revolution. When the load signal is zero or at full
output from the pump, the swashplate (A) is tilted to maximum.
The difference in volume on the inlet side (V1) and outlet side
(V2) is at its most and the pump supplies maximum oil flow.
V0024
When less oil is required, the angle (A) of the swashplate is

reduced. The difference between (V1) and (V2) drops and the
pump supplies a smaller quantity of oil.
V0025
With minimal oil requirement, the angle (A) of the swash-plate is

virtually 0 and the difference (V1-V2) is at its least and the pump
supplies a small oil flow.
V0026

Load-sensing system
The diagram shows the system with the diesel engine switched off
where the pressure and flow are 0. When there is no pressure in the
system the pump’s spring-loaded actuator piston (1) is in the
position for maximum pump output. The line from the control
piston runs via the valve for maximum pressure (Pmax) and
standby pressure valve (DeltaP) directly to the hydraulic tank. It is
possible to adjust the pressure in both valves with the help of
adjuster screws.
When the diesel engine is started, the pump gives maximum

output for a short period until the standby pressure is reached.
Once the standby pressure has been reached, the valve (2) adjusts
the pump and maintains this at the set pressure irrespective of the
speed of the diesel engine.

When the system is put to work (via the joystick) the directional
control valve (3) changes position and the LS line is pressurised.
The valve (4) is reset and the pressure in the actuator piston (5)
drops. The pump output then increases until it corresponds with
the load on the system.
When the pump output corresponds to the load on the system, the
valve (6) is adjusted and maintains the pump at the right output.

When the cylinder is moved to the end position, the pressure can
reach max. pressure.
The pressure in the load signal (LS) increases and the valve (4) is
reset. The pressure in the actuator piston (5) decreases and the
pump output increases.
When the pump output is equal to the set max. pressure for the
valve (7) its position changes. The pressure in the actuator piston
(8) increases and the pump output decreases. The pressure is
maintained until the cylinder moves or the directional valve is
switched.

STEERING PRIORITY VALVE

The steering priority valve is preset to give a controlled pressure of
180-200 bar
1. Pressure regulator
2. Load sensor (LS), load signal from steering orbitrol
3. Excess flow (EF), to directional valve
4. Controlled flow (CF), to steering orbitrol
5. From the piston pump (P)

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM STEERING, PRINCIPLE
1. Steering cylinder
2. Steering orbitrol
3. Steering priority valve
5. Shuttle valve
6. Restrictor and non-return valve
8. Hydraulic tank

Oil is led from the variable piston pump (7) (105 cc) to the
steering priority valve (3). The task of the steering priority valve is
to always supply the steering system with oil ahead of the truck’s
other hydraulic functions. The diagram shows the system
depressurised.
When the diesel engine is started the pressure builds up to the

standby pressure.
P on the steering priority valve receives standby pressure from the
pump. The standby pressure is transferred to CF (controlled flow)
and further to the steering orbitrol.
When the standby pressure has increased, it is activated and an

internal pilot pressure, via the reducing valve, actuates the priority
valve, so that it changes position and the pressure is transferred to
EF (excess flow).
All output, with the exception of the smaller pilot flow from the
reducing valve, will be led to the circuit for excess flow (EF).
When steering the pilot pressure from reducing valve is decreased.

A load signal is fed back from the steering obitrol to LS. The
proirity valve will change position and the oil flow from P is fed to
CF and to the steering orbitrol.
The adjustable pressure regulator (4) opens at maximum steering

pressure (steering to end position).

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE, PARKER M400LS.
V0045

1. Solenoid
2. PS, pilot pressure
3. TP, tank connection for pilot circuit
4. T, tank connection
5. A1, hydraulic function, extension
6. B1, hydraulic function, extension
7. P, pump connection
8. A2, hydraulic function, lifting cylinder
9. B2, hydraulic function, lifting cylinder
10. LS, load signal
11. Drainage disk, load signal
12. Manoeuvre slide
13. Non-return valve
14. Load holding valve
15. Pilot slide for load holding valve
16. Solenoid
17. Back-pressure valve

REGENERATIVE VALVE, LIFT
1. Safety valve, hose rupture

2. Non-return valve
3. Solenoid, high speed lift
4. Valve, high speed lift
5. Pressure limiting valve
6. Lowering valve, also emergency lowering
7. Pressure sensor, measures the pressure C- on both lifting
cylinders

REGENERATIVE VALVE, EXTENDED
V0486
1. Non-return valve
2. Valve, high speed extension
3. Solenoid, high speed extension
4. Non-return valve

REGENERATIVE LIFTING/EXTENSION REACH STACKERS,

PRINCIPLE
2. Lifting cylinder
3. Safety valve (hose rupture)
4. Non-return valve
5. Solenoid, high-speed lifting
6. Valve, high-speed lifting
7. Pressure limiting valve
8. Emergency lowering valve
9. Non return valve
10. Solenoid, high speed extension
11. Valve, high speed extension
12. Non return valve

The reach stacker is equipped with a regenerative valve After 1 second, the machine detects whether the pressure in
system for high-speed lifting. The function is active as the lifting cylinders is:
standard. Activation/deactivation of the function is • Less than 100 bar at which the high speed extension is
performed on the drive computer. connected in automatically
• Greater than 100 bar, at which the machine will continue
High-speed lifting is made possible by leading the oil from to extend at normal speed.
the hydraulic cylinder’s negative side to the positive side
instead of to the tank. Combined with the oil flow from the For high speed extension, the solenoid (10) receives a signal
pump, the flow becomes greater and resulting in faster from the IQAN system, and is activated. The valve for rapid
lifting. extension (11) will thus be activated, and oil from the
extended cylinder's minus side is led via the non-return valve
(9) to the extended cylinder's plus side. Combined with the
Regenerative lifting oil output from the pump, the flow becomes greater giving a
When the operator starts to lift the boom, the machine lifts faster extension.
the boom at the normal speed. The lifting cylinder gets oil
from the pump through the safety valve (3). When the oil pressure drops at (A) the load-holding valve
(13) keeps the oil pressure on the C+ -side and thereby the
After 2 seconds, the machine detects whether the pressure in boom is kept in position.
the lifting cylinders is:
• Less than 100 bar, at which the high speed lift is When the boom is to be retracted, the oil pressure enters (B).
connected in automatically The pressure is led through the valve (11) to the extended
• Greater than 100 bar, at which the machine will continue cylinder's minus side, at the same time as the load holding
to lift at normal speed. valves (13) are activated and the oil can return to the tank.
When high-speed lifting solenoid (5) receives a signal from

Emergency lowering
the IQAN-system and is activated. The valve for high speed
lifting (6) is thereby activated. Oil flows from the lifting If an error occurs that makes it impossible to unload the
cylinder's minus side to the plus side through a non-return container from twistlocks, or in the event of overload, the
valve (4). Combined with the oil output from the pump, the load can be lowered using emergency lowering. This must
flow becomes greater giving a faster lift. only be performed with extreme caution. Emergency
lowering is a much slower process, and means that only the
If a pressure peak exceeding 280 bar occurs in the cylinder, boom angle decreases and the boom is not retracted.
the valve (7) will open and the oil flows back to the tank.
In the event of emergency lowering, the emergency-lowering
At lowering, the valve (8) will be activated from the IQAN valve (8) receives a signal from the regulator “Emergency
system at the same time as the safety valve (3) opens, and the lower” and the valve opens. Hydraulic oil from the lifting
oil is led back to the tank. cylinder's plus side flows to the tank through the emergency-
lowering valve.
If the operator is lifting a heavy container very slowly, so that
the pressure is not able to increase within the 2 seconds, the If the container is initially higher than 0.5 m above ground
high speed lift will be activated. But then the lift will stop as or underlying container stacks, a dedicated reachstacker or
the lifting power will not be adequate. crane must support the container weight during the entire
emergency lowering procedure. Attachment fixtures for the
In this case, the operator must return the joystick to neutral outer lifting device are present on the inner boom's forward
position. The high speed lift will be disconnected section and on the lifting unit.
automatically, and the operator will once again be able to lift, WARNING
but at normal speed. Danger to life and property. Make sure that
there are no persons present or activities
Regenerative extension ongoing in the risk zone when emergency
At extension of the boom, the oil pressure from the pump lowering is taking place.
passes into (A) and is led via the non-return valves to the
extended cylinder's plus side (C+). Emergency lowering overrides the load monitoring sys-
tem. This is thus associated with a risk for forward tip-
ping or damage to the lifting boom if the container
weight is not off-loaded by another truck or crane.

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE, PARKER L90LS

1. PS, pilot circuit for joysticks

2. PB, tank connection for pilot circuit
3. B, hydraulic function
4. A, hydraulic function
5. Connections from joysticks
6. P1, pump connection
7. T1, tank connection
8. Electrically controlled proportional valve
9. LS, load signal connection, copied
10. PX, pump pressure
11. PL, non-copied load signal
12. Valve for maximum pressure
13. Pressure limiter on load signal; Used for extra functions,
for example, joystick steering
14. Pressure regulator for pilot pressure
15. Shuttle; Gives priority to highest load signal
16. Compensator valve; Limits the highest permitted
pressure for the circuit
17. Non-return valve
18. Manoeuvre slide

ACCUMULATOR CHARGING BLOCK, M0382

1. Solenoid, parking brake The accumulator charging block receives oil from a gear pump. Oil
2. Pressure regulator, adjustable, parking brake is distributed in the block to the accumulator, service brake,
3. Manual valve for pressure discharge in the accumulator parking brake and for servo pressure to the directional control valve
4. Pressure limiting valve (reach stackers). In the event of engine failure these functions
5. Non-return valve receive oil from the accumulator via the accumulator block.
6. Restrictor valve
7. Charge valve The following components/functions are housed in the
8. Pressure regulator, adjustable, accumulator accumulator block:
• Solenoid (1) for parking brake. Electrically controlled valve to

activate the parking brake. When the valve is not activated, the
parking brake is employed.
• Adjustable pressure regulator (2) for the parking brake circuit.
Reduces the pressure from the accumulator to the parking brake
circuit.
• Valve (3) for pressure discharge. The accumulator is drained
manually using a hex key. Used BEFORE working on the
hydraulic system.
• Valve (4) for maximum pressure preset to 250 bar. Prevents
excess charging of the accumulator.
• Non-return (5) resp. restrictor valve (6) in the circuit between
the pump and the accumulator/service brake. The non-return
valve prevents the accumulator from being discharged when the
engine is switched off.
• Charge valve (7). Regulates the pressure to the accumulator
circuit. Controlled by the pressure regulator (8).
• Adjustable pressure regulator (8) for the accumulator. Measures
the pressure in the accumulator circuit and controls the valve
(7). Accumulator charging starts when the pressure is 20 %
below the set pressure.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM REACH STACKERS, PRINCIPLE

1. Hydraulic tank DESCRIPTION OF THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM, REACH

2. Gear pump, 23 cc STACKERS
3. Variable piston pump, 105 cc A gear pump (2) (23 cc) supplies the accumulator charging block
4. Variable piston pump, 60 cc (25) with oil from the hydraulic tank (1). The pressure is
5. Variable piston pump, 75 cc distributed in the block to the accumulator (20), service brake (19)
6. Restrictor and non-return valve and the parking brake (17). Oil from the block is also led to the
7. Shuttle valve directional control valve (23) via a reducing valve for the servo
8. Steering priority valve pressure (22). The gear pump is seated in tandem on the variable
9. Directional control valve, L90, (extra) piston pump (3) (Parker series P2, 105 cc). Oil from the piston
10. Steering cylinder pump goes to the steering priority valve (8) which distributes the
11. Steering orbitrol oil to the steering orbitrol (11) and the directional control valve
12. Hydraulic tank, brake cooling circuit (23) (Parker M400). The priority valve ensures that the steering is
13. Gear pump, 25 cc given priority over the truck’s other functions. The load signal is
14. Filter led back from the steering orbitrol to the priority valve and to the
15. Cooler shuttle valve (7) where it is compared to the load signal from the
16. Pressure limiting valve directional control valve. After the shuttle valve, the load signal is
17. Parking brake led via a restrictor and non-return valve (6) to the piston pump.
18. Multi-disc brake The directional control valve is controlled from the control joystick
19. Service brake valve in the cab and distributes oil out to respective hydraulic functions
20. Accumulator (24). The return oil from the functions runs via the directional
21. Return filter control valve back to the hydraulic tank where the return filters
22. Reducing valve, servo pressure (21) is located.
23. Directional control valve, M400
24. Hydraulic functions The load signal from the directional control valve also controls the
25. Accumulator charging block variable piston pump (5) (Parker series P2, 75 cc) and after the
26. Assembly block comparison in the loading valve (29) for the attachment also the
27. Pressure relief valve, main pressure variable piston pump (4) (Parker series P2, 60 cc). Oil from the
28. Reducing valve for attachment pumps (4 and 5) goes to the directional control valve.
29. Loading valve, attachment
30. Attachment When the attachment works the loading valve is the electrically and
pump (4) supplies the attachment with oil. The system includes a
valve (27), which limits the main pressure. A separate hydraulic
circuit manages the cooling of the multi-disc brakes in the drive
axle. The circuit includes a gear pump (13) (25 cc) which is
mounted on the diesel engine. The oil is taken from a separate oil
tank (12) and is led via the pump to a filter (14), on to a cooler
(15) and finally to the brakes (18). There is also a pressure reducing
valve (16) in the circuit.
A detailed description of the hydraulic components can be found

in the section “Components - description” on page 8.

Measurements and adjustments
MEASUREMENTS AND ADJUSTMENTS
MEASURING AND SETTING THE HYDRAULIC PRESSURE

Placement of the metering outlet and adjustment points differ
slightly on the different truck models . Illustrations show the
principle for respective measuring/setting.
The pressure values not stated in this publication can be found on

the machine card under group 70 “hydr.pressure”.
MEASURING AND SETTING THE STANDBY PRESSURE

The correct standby pressure is a prerequisite in order for the
hydraulic functions to work properly. The pressure is measured
2 when the hydraulic system is not working (load signal is zero) and
with the diesel engine idling.
1
1. Connect a pressure gauge (300 bar) to the metering outlet (1).
2. Start the diesel engine and let it idle.
3. Check that the load signal is 0 bar. (Hydraulics not used.)
4. If the load signal LS is not 0 bar fault tracing must be
performed, see section “Fault tracing” on page 38.
NOTE!
If the load signal (LS) is not zero The stand-by pressure cannot be set
correctly.
5. Connect a pressure gauge (300 bar) to the pressure outlet from

V0341
the pumps (2) and set the stand-by pressure.
1 Connection to load signal of pumps
2 Pressure outlet from pumps
Connecting the pressure gauge on older models (3).
3 Outgoing pressure from pumps

6. Set the pressure with the upper adjuster screw “Delta P” (1) on
the pump. Screw out the adjuster screws on the three pumps to
about 15 bar. Screw in the adjuster screws on the pumps
respectively:
- 60 cc-pump to 20 bar
- 105 cc-pump to 33 bar.
7. When the standby pressure is not correct, fault tracing must be
performed. See the chapter “Fault tracing” on page 38.
MEASURING AND SETTING THE MAXIMUM WORKING

1 PRESSURE
When a hydraulic function is used the working pressure rises to the
level required to carry out the work. Maximum pressure is only
2 reached at maximum work load or when a hydraulic function
V0342 reaches its end position.
1 Adjuster screw, stand-by pressure (Delta P)
1. Connect the pressure gauge (300 bar) to the outgoing pressure
2 Adjuster screw, max pressure (P max)
of the pumps, see pos (2) in section“Measuring and setting the
standby pressure”.
2. Lower the boom to its end position.
NOTE!
In order to check the the pressure on a single pump the pressure of the
other pumps must be decreased.
3. Decrease the pressure of the pumps 75 cc- and 60 cc by
screwing out the adjuster screw P max (2) about 2 rev
4. Maximum pressure is set on the lower adjuster screw (P max)
(2) on the pumps.
5. Set the pressure 10 bar above the pressure to be set in order to
make the pump operate properly. Decrease the maximum
pressure as below.
NOTE!
It is important that the maxium pressure of the pumps is set by the
following order
- 60 cc-pump to 245 bar.

MEASURING AND SETTING THE DELTA PRESSURE,

DELTA-P
A pressure drop occurs (DeltaP) when oil flows through the
directional control valve. If DeltaP is too low, the pump will not
provide sufficient oil flow resulting in the hydraulic system not
working correctly. A symptom of a too low DeltaP is that the
hydraulic system normally works with a low speed on the diesel
engine while at a high speed the system will work slowly or not at
all. A too high DeltaP results in the hydraulic functions being
difficult to control and that the other advantages of the load-
sensing system dwindle.
Measuring and setting the delta pressure, two or three

pumps
When measuring the delta pressure on one of the variable pumps,
the LS-lines to the other variable pumps must be disconnected and
plugged. The LS-outlet on the pumps must be drained to the tank
through extra hydraulic hoses being connected to the LS-outlet and
routed to the hydraulic tank. Below follows the procedure for one
pump. The equivalent is done to measure the other pumps.
1. Connect one of connections on a digital pressure gauge to the

metering outlet (1) on the LS-line.
2. Remove the LS-lines on the other pumps and plug the lines
(2).
3. Connect extra hoses to the LS-outlets (3).
4. Remove the breathing filters and position the hoses in the

hydraulic tank (4).

5. Connect the other connection from the pressure gauge to the

outgoing pressure of the pumps (5).
6. Start the diesel engine and run at 1000-1500 rpm.
5 7. Run a hydraulic function without a load (not to the end
position) with the joystick moved halfway. Read the pressure
difference when the function is moving. The difference is
DeltaP.
V0346
8. If necessary, adjust the delta pressure with the help of the

adjuster screw (6) marked “Delta P” on the pump in question.
Repeat the procedure to measure the delta pressure on the other

pumps.

PRESSURE DISCHARGE IN THE ACCUMULATOR

The accumulator normally holds a high pressure. The pressure in
the accumulator must be discharged before working on the truck’s
hydraulic systems.
1. Loosen the lock nut using a ring spanner and loosen the Allen-
screw in order to relief pressure
MEASURING AND SETTING THE ACCUMULATOR

PRESSURE
1. Connect a pressure gauge (300 bar) to the metering outlet (5)
marked ACCM on the accumulator block.
V0345 2. Start the diesel engine and let it idle.
3. Press the service brake repeatedly. The pressure drops and you
can hear the diesel engine start to work and the accumulator’s
2 4 charging cycle starts.
3 4. When the load on the diesel engine decreases, the
accumulator’s charging cycle has ended and the pressure can be
read. Check that the pressure increases to 180 bar.
5. If necessary adjust the accumulator pressure setting on the
adjuster screw (6). Turn clockwise to increase the pressure and
1 5 turn anticlockwise to lower the pressure.
6. Repeat the procedure from point 3 until the right pressure is
reached.
7. Open and close the drainage plug (3) and recheck the pressure
(180 bar).
MEASURING AND SETTING BRAKE PRESSURE GOVENOR

1. Connect a pressure gauge (300 bar) to the metering outlet
6 ACCM (5).
V0344 2. Stop the engine. Switch on the ignition and press the service
brake a few times so that the pressure decreases
1 Metering PRM 3. The warning symbol on the MDL display shall be lit at
2 Adjuster screw, parking brake pressure 120 bar.
3 Drainage plug 4. When necessary, lift the cover (4) of the pressure switch and
4 Pressure switch adjust the pressure with a screw driver.
5 Metering outlet ACCM
6 Adjuster screw, accumulator pressure MEASURING AND SETTING PARKING BRAKE PRESSURE
1. Check the accumulator pressure as set out above.
marked PRM on the accumulator block.
3. Start the diesel engine and let it idle.
4. Read the pressure. Check that the pressure is 110 bar.
5. If necessary adjust the parking brake pressure setting on the
adjuster screw (2). Turn clockwise to increase the pressure and
turn anticlockwise to lower the pressure.

MEASURING THE STEERING PRESSURE

on load signal line on the 105 cc-pump on the left-hand side.
2. Start the diesel engine.
3. Steer to the end position and hold.
4. Read the pressure (180-200 bar).
Steering priority valve, adjustment (older models only)

5. If necessary, adjust the pressure by removing the hose (2) and
turning the adjuster screw inside the valve with a hex key (3)
(7/32"). Only available on older models.

Steering priority valve, adjustment (new models only

1. Loosen the hydraulic hose that is connected to the pressure
regulator.
2. Screw out the pressure regulator (4).
4 Pressure regulator
3. Using a screwdriver, turn the adjuster screw (5) on the pressure

regulator (4).
4. One half turn corresponds to a pressure change of about
40 bar.
- Turn clockwise to increase the pressure.
- Turn counterclockwise to decrease the pressure.
5. Tighten the pressure regulator (4).
6. Connect the hydraulic hose to the pressure regulator.
7. Check and measure the pressure, see “Measuring the steering
pressure” on page 33.
4 Pressure regulator
5 Adjuster screw

SETTING THE RESTRICTOR AND NON-RETURN VALVE

1. The restrictor and non-return valve (1) mounted on the
priority valve’s load signal line shall be slightly tightened and
locked with the Allen-screw
2. Check that the restrictor and non-return valve (1) is correctly
tightened as follows.
- Connect a pressure gauge (300 bar) to the load signal line on
the105 cc-pump (also see “Measuring the steering pressure”)
and turn the steering wheel to its end position.
- The pressure increases to 180-200 bar.
- Let go of the steering wheel and note the pressure drop. Cor-
1 rectly adjusted, the pressure should be gone within 5-10 sec.
- If the pressure drops faster, the restrictor and non return
valve is not tightened enough.
- If the pressure is dropping slowly the valve is tightened too
V0347 much.
1 Restrictor and non-return valve, load signal line

MEASURING AND SETTING THE PRESSURE REDUCERS

AND FEED PRESSURE FOR THE UNIT, ELME
1. Connect a pressure gauge (300 bar) to outlet P (1) on the
spreader
2. Retract the boom to its end position in order to build up
pressure. This function must be activated throughout the
entire measuring/setting procedure.
NOTE!
1 Do not use any of the spreader functions as they supply the spreader
with 140 bar only.
V0350
3. Adjust the pressure to 150 bar by means of adjuster screw (1)

1 mounted on the pressure reducer placed on the rotator.
4. Release the function with the boom telescope in the base.
5. Build up pressure. (140 bar) by manouevering the spreader to
“Spreading 20 fot”. This function must be activated
throughout the entire adjustment procedure.

Alternative 1 (newer models)

6. If necessary, adjust the pressure to 140 bar (1) by means of the
1 adjuster screw
V0349
Alternative 2 (older models)

7. If necessary, adjust the pressure with the adjuster screw (2) on
the reducing valve, which is located on the right-hand side in
the frame.

Fault tracing
FAULT TRACING
Fault Probable cause Action

Low lifting speed Pump/pumps not working, Check each pump individually
Incorrect standby/delta pressure Measure, adjust the pressure
Regenerative valve defective Check the regenerative valve, replace
the valve if necessary
Load drops Leaking lifting cylinder Check for leakage, replace seals
Machine cannot lift load Pump not giving max pressure Adjust the pressure
Steers heavily Left 105cc pump Check standby/delta pressure, max

pressure
Orbitrol, steering priority valve Check load signal to pump
Check orbitrol, steering priority valve
Leaking steering cylinder Check for leakage, replace seals
Steering bites Pump pressure varies Adjust the one-way restrictor on the
load signal to the left pump
No pressure in the accumulator 25cc gear pump defective Check the pump
Accumulator charging valve defective Check the valve
Load signal does not go down to Directional control valve does not go Check the directional control valve
0 bar to neutral
Load signal does not go up to max Leaking load signal Fault trace leakage on load
pressure Pump defective Check standby/delta pressure, max
pressure
Attachment runs slowly Reduction valve for spreader Check the pressure, 140 bar on
Loading valve for spreader spreader
Right 60 cc pump Check the load signal to the pump
Check standby/delta pressure, max
pressure

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5 Hydraulic system

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-1

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - DESCRIPTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION - LOAD SENSING SYSTEM

In a load-sensing system, the load the system is subjected to is

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-3

The diagram shows the principle of a load-sensing system. The

FUNCTION - LOAD-SENSING SYSTEM

When the joystick is in the neutral position, i.e. when no work is

5-4 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

Small joystick movement only requires a small flow, yet high

Both a large flow and high pressures are required in response to

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-5

HYDRAULIC COMPONENT PLACEMENT, REACH

5-6 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-7

VARIABLE PISTON PUMP, PARKER SERIES P2

5-8 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

VARIABLE PISTON PUMP - FUNCTION

When less oil is required, the angle (A) of the swashplate is

With minimal oil requirement, the angle (A) of the swash-plate is

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-9

When the diesel engine is started, the pump gives maximum

5-10 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-11

5-12 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

STEERING PRIORITY VALVE

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-13

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM STEERING, PRINCIPLE

5-14 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

When the diesel engine is started the pressure builds up to the

When the standby pressure has increased, it is activated and an

When steering the pilot pressure from reducing valve is decreased.

The adjustable pressure regulator (4) opens at maximum steering

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-15

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE, PARKER M400LS.

5-16 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-17

REGENERATIVE VALVE, LIFT

1. Safety valve, hose rupture

5-18 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

REGENERATIVE VALVE, EXTENDED

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-19

REGENERATIVE LIFTING/EXTENSION REACH STACKERS,

5-20 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

When high-speed lifting solenoid (5) receives a signal from

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-21

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE, PARKER L90LS

5-22 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

1. PS, pilot circuit for joysticks

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-23

ACCUMULATOR CHARGING BLOCK, M0382

5-24 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

• Solenoid (1) for parking brake. Electrically controlled valve to

Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942 Hydraulic system 5-25

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM REACH STACKERS, PRINCIPLE

5-26 Hydraulic system Technical manual Publ. no. 6193.011 0942

1. Hydraulic tank DESCRIPTION OF THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM, REACH