DTM FTUI

>> Normal Forces, Shear Forces &

Bending Moment Diagrams

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DTM FTUI Shear Force and Bending Moment
Diagrams
A BEAM is a long, slender, structural member
designed to support transverse loadings.
A transverse loading is applied perpendicular to the
axis of the beam.
Beams classified by their supports.

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Need to know the internal shear

force and the internal bending
moment at all locations in the
beam. This information is usually
presented as a graph or diagram of
these values vs. position.

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L
a b
P
w

x1
x2

x3

Simply Supported Beam

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L
a b
P
w

x1
x2

x3

Cantilever Beam
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Sign Convention

1. Positive Shear Force will cause a clockwise

rotation of the member on which it acts.
2. Positive Bending Moment will cause
compression on the top surface of the
beam.

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Positive Shear

V
V

V
V

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Positive Moment

M M

M M

Compression

Tension
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Procedure

1. Find the support reactions.

2. Identify critical points.
3. At representative locations between critical
points take a section cut.
4. Find V and M and representative locations
between critical points.
5. Use proper sign conventions for V and M.
6. Plot results.

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Critical Points

1. End of Beam
2. Support
3. Point of application of concentrated load
4. Point of application of concentrated couple
moment.
5. Beginning of distributed load.
6. End of distributed load.
7. Change in distributed load definition.

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Critical Points

3m 6 kN
6m 9 kN m

Critical
point

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Critical Points

4 ft 4 ft

50 lb/ft

A C

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Critical Points

L
a b
P
w

x1
x2

x3

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Critical Points

L
a b
P
w

x1
x2
x3

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Critical Points

4 ft 4 ft

50 lb/ft

A C

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Example 1:

Draw the shear force and bending moment

diagram of beam AC!
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>> Find the support reactions

Ay Cy

F  0
x
Ay=2.5kN
F  0
y
Cy=2.5kN
M  0 O
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>>identify critical Point

Critical
point

Ay=2.5kN Cy=2.5kN

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>> At representative locations between
critical points take a section cut

Ay=2.5kN Cy=2.5kN

Section AB Section BC
(0x<2) (2 x<4)
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>>Find V and M and representative locations between
critical points. Use proper sign conventions for V and M.

Section AB (0 x <2m)

Shear force
Moment
 Fy  0
Ay  Vx  0 M x 0

2.5  Vx  0 2.5( x)  M x  0
Vx  2.5kN M x  2.5 x
x  0  V A  2.5kN x  0  M A  0 kNm
x  2   VB  2.5kN x  2  M B  5 kNm
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Section BC (2  x < 4m)

Shear force
Moment

 Fy  0 M x 0
2.5  5  Vx  0 2.5( x)  5( x  2)  M x  0
Vx  2.5kN M x  2.5 x  10
x  2  VB  2.5kN x  2  M B  5 kNm
x  4  VC  2.5kN x  4  M C  0 kNm
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>>Plot result

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Example 2:

6 kN
3m 6m
9 kN m

Draw the shear force & moment diagram of beam !

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FBD of Beam

3m 6 kN 6m
9 kN m

Dx
Dy
Ay

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 Fx  0
Dx  0
 Fy  0
A y  6  Dy  0
 MD  0
9  6(6) - A y (9)  0
A y  5 kN
D y  1 kN
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FBD of Beam

3m 6 kN
6m
9 kN m

5 kN x
1 kN

0x3
3x9
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M 0x3
 Fy  0
5 V  0
x1 V
V  5 kN
5 kN

M  0
M   5 kN  x  0
M  5x kN  m

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3m 6 kN 3 x  9
 Fy  0
M 5 kN  6 kN  V  0
x V V  1 kN
5 kN x M  0
M   5 x   6  x  3  0
M  18  x  kN  m

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V (kN)
V = 5 kN

V = -1 kN

M = 5x kN m M = (18-x) kN m
M (kN m)

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Example 3:

8 ft

50 lb/ft

A C

Draw the shear force & moment diagram of beam !

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4 ft 4 ft

50 lb/ft
Cx

Ay Cy

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400 lb
4 ft 4 ft

Cx

Ay Cy

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 Fx  0
Cx  0
 Fy  0
A y  C y  50(8)  0
 MA  0
50(8)(4) - C y (8)  0
A y  200 lb
C y  200 lb
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x 0 x 8

50 lb/ft M  Fy  0
 V  200 lb  50x  0
V  -50x +
 200  lb
200 lb V 
at x 0, V 200 lb
at x 8, V −200 lb
M  0
x
- M + 200x - 50(x)    0
2
M  200x  25x 2 lb  ft
at x 0, M
at x 8, M
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V (lb)
V  200  50x

M (lb ft)
M  200x  25x 2

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