1.

Explain how changes in temperature affect the position of equilibrium for an exothermic
reaction. Use Le Chatelier's Principle to justify your answer.

2. Discuss the effect of pressure changes on the equilibrium position for a reaction involving
gases.

3. In the Haber process for the synthesis of ammonia, N2(g) +3H2(g) ⇌2NH3(g), how would an
increase in the concentration of nitrogen gas affect the equilibrium position? Justify your
answer.

4. Consider the reaction H2+I2 ⇌2HI(g) at equilibrium. If an inert gas is added to the system at
constant volume, how does it affect the equilibrium concentrations of hydrogen iodide?
Explain.

5. Discuss the impact of a catalyst on the position of equilibrium for a reversible reaction.
Provide examples to support your explanation.

6. How do changes in the concentrations of reactants and products affect the equilibrium
constant (Kc) for a given reaction? Provide mathematical expressions to illustrate your
answer.

7. Explain why the equilibrium constant (Kc) for a reaction may change with temperature.

8. Compare and contrast the effects of a temperature increase on exothermic and endothermic
reactions at equilibrium.

9. Describe the effect of a change in volume on the equilibrium position for a gaseous reaction.

10. For the reaction CO(g)+H2O(g) ⇌CO2(g) +H2(g) how does increasing the pressure affect
the equilibrium position?

11. Given the equilibrium constant Kc=4.2×10−3for the reaction A(g)+B(g)⇌C(g)+D(g), if

initially 0.20 moles of A and 0.30 moles of B are placed in a 1.0 L container, what are the
equilibrium concentrations of A, B, C, and D?
12. For the reaction 2A(g)+B(g)⇌3C(g), the equilibrium constant Kc is 1.5×10−2If initially 0.10
moles of A and 0.20 moles of B are placed in a 2.0 L container, what are the equilibrium
concentrations of A, B, and C?

13. At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant Kcfor the reaction 2X(g)+Y(g)⇌Z(g) is
8.0×10−5. If initially 0.15 moles of X and 0.25 moles of Y are placed in a 2.5 L container,
what are the equilibrium concentrations of X, Y, and Z?

14. Consider the reaction: N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) If the reaction quotient (Qc) is calculated to
be 0.5 and the equilibrium constant (Kc) is 2. What is the direction of the reaction?

15. A reaction has an equilibrium constant Kc=0.5. If the reaction mixture initially contains
[A]=0.3, [B]=0.2, [C]=0.1, and [D]=0.6, will the reaction shift to the left or right to reach
equilibrium?

16. Consider the following reaction: N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) If Qp=4.5atm2 and Kp=3.2 atm2,
in which direction will the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?

16. What does it mean if Qp=Kp? How does the reaction quotient relate to the equilibrium
constant?

17. Explain how the comparison of Qp and Kp values helps in predicting the direction of a
reaction.

19. Let's consider the reaction:

N2(g) +3H2(g) ⇌2NH3(g)

Given partial pressures: PN2=2.0 atm, PH2=1.5 atm, and PNH3=3.0 atm.Kp=2. Predict the
direction in which the reaction will proceed?

20. Consider the following reaction:

Step 1: A⇌B+C, K1=5.0

Step 2: B+C⇌D, K2=2.0

Calculate the equilibrium constant Keq) for the overall reaction: A⇌D
21. Consider the reaction. Step 1: 2A⇌B+C, K1=1.5, Step 2: B+C⇌D, K2=2.5 Calculate the
equilibrium constant for the overall reaction: A⇌D

22. Consider the following equilibrium reaction:

N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g)

1. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction.
2. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction, assuming all gases
are ideal.
3. If the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction is 0.05 at a 250C, calculate the value of Kp.
24. Given the equilibrium constant Kc for a reaction, N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) as 4.0×10−3at a
400 K temperature, calculate Kp.

25. for rxn N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) K Pis 0.12 atm at a 500K, calculate Kc.

26. Write the equilibrium constant expression for the following homogeneous gas-phase
reaction: 2A(g)⇌B(g)+C(g)

26. Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction: N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g). Given
that at equilibrium, the concentrations are: [N2]=0.50 M, [H2]=0.20 M, and
[NH3]=1.5 M.

27. For the reaction: 2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g) If the equilibrium constant Kc is 5.0×102at a

certain temperature, what does this tell you about the relative concentrations of reactants
and products at equilibrium?

28. Consider the reaction: CaCO3(s)⇌CaO(s)+CO2(g) Write the equilibrium constant

expression (Keq) for this reaction.

29. The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction: N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) is 0.250 at 500 K. If
the partial pressures of N2 and H2 at equilibrium are 2.0 atm and 3.0 atm respectively,
what is the partial pressure of NH3 at equilibrium?
30. Given the following elementary reaction: A+B⇌C+D The rate constants for the forward and
reverse reactions are kf = 0.02M−1s−1 and kr=0.04s−1 respectively. Calculate the
equilibrium constant (Keq) for this reaction.