FACTORSAFFECTINGTHE RATES

OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
forSCIENCEGrade10
Quarter4/Week7

NegOr_Q4_Science10_SLKWeek7_v2 1
 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit will serve as a guide about the speed of

chemicalreactionsandchemicalequilibrium.Somereactionsare
veryfastliketheburningofwood,whileothersareveryslowlikethe
rustingofiron.Somereactionsgotocompletion;thatis,allthe
reactants are converted to products.However, in some
reactions, the products revert to reactants because of an
equilibriumthatexists.Understandingthefactorsaffectingthe
rate or speed of chemical reactions and the chemical
equilibrium will help you appreciate the chemical changes
happening around you.

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OBJECTIVES
Attheendofthelesson,thelearnersareexpectedto:
K:defineanddifferentiateexothermicandendothermicreactions
S: perform experiment on rate of dissolving rock and powdered
sugar
A:recognizetheimportanceoftherateofreactionsofchemicals at
home especially in food preservation

LEARNINGCOMPETENCY
Explain how the factors affecting rates of chemical reactions are
applied in food preservation and materials production, control of fire,
pollution, and corrosion. (S10MT-IVh-j-24)

I. WHATHAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST
I. Directions:Write TRUEif the statement is correct and FALSEif it is
incorrect. Write your answer in your notebook.

1.The speed of chemical reactions can be

altered by adding a catalyst.
2.Whenachemicalreactiongivesoffheat,itis an
exothermic reaction.
3.Thespeedofchemicalreactionincreasesas the
particle sizeincreases.
4.When chemical equilibrium is achieved, there is
nochangeintheconcentrationofreactantsand
products.
5. Heatingcausesmoreproductstobeformedfor an
endothermic reaction.

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II. Directions:Writewhetherthedirectionofthereactionwillgo
FORWARD,REVERSE, orNO CHANGE. Writeyouranswerinyour
notebook.
2A(g)+B(g)  Q(g)+heat
1.Pressureincreased
2.Volumedecreased
3.2Aremoved
4.Badded
5.Systemwascooled
6.Catalystwasadded
7.Qwascollected
8.BothBandQwereremoved;sameamount
9.Temperaturewasincreased
10.BothBandQwereadded;same amount

II. WHATINEEDTOKNOW
DISCUSSION
FactorsAffectingReactionRates
Whenyouburnwood,heatisproduced. Weusethisheatto
cookourfoodorboilwater.Thechemicalreactioninthiscaseisthe
burningofwoodandsinceheatisgivenoff,wesaythereactionis
EXOTHERMIC.So,wedefineanexothermicreactionasareaction
whereheatisevolvedorgivenoff.

When you mix urea and water, the container of the mixture feels
cold.This isanexampleofENDOTHERMICreaction,areactionwherein heat
is absorbed.Torepresent an exothermic reaction,thevalueof
changeinenthalpy(H)isnegativewhilefortheendothermic
reaction,the value is positive.Enthalpyrefers to the heat content
measured at constant pressure.

Exothermicreaction:ReactantsProducts
C+O2  CO2 H=-393.5kJ/mo

Endothermicreaction: ReactantsProducts
N2+O2 2NO H=+180kJ/mol
NegOr_Q4_Science10_SLKWeek7_v2
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 Aside from being exothermic or endothermic, chemical
reactionstakingplacearoundyouarealsosometimesveryfastor very
slow. Burning is a very fastchemicalreactionwhiletherustingof
ironisslow.Ifacertainchemicalreactionisdesirableorusefullike
theproductionof drugs to cure diseases, wewantthechemical
reactiontohappenfastsowecanproducemoreinashortperiod
oftime.Isthereanythingwecandotoaltertherateorspeedof
chemicalreaction?
Didyouknowthatfirecrackerexplosionisanexampleofan
exothermic reaction?It is a very fast exothermic reaction!

TASK1
TheRateofDissolvingRockandPowderedSugar
Materials: Rock sugar Two (2) drinking glasses (same size)
Powdered sugar Spoon
Water Watch
Procedure:
1. Pourwateruptothesamelevelontwodrinkingglasses.
2. Take a pinch of sugar and drop it in one of the glasses. Do not stir.
Afteroneminute,stirtheglassslowlyuntilnosugarcanbeseen.
Recordthetime it takes forthe sugarto bedissolved completely.
3. Repeatprocedureno.2,thistimeuserocksugar.Thesizeof
yourrocksugarshouldbethatofamongobean.
Analysis:
Q1. How much time did it take the powdered sugar to dissolve
completely?
Q2. How about therock sugar?
Q3. Whyisthisso?
Thespeedorrateofchemicalreactionsisalteredorchangedby
thefollowingfactors:
1. Natureandsizeofthereactants
2. Concentrationofthereactants
3. Temperature
4. PresenceofaCatalyst
NatureandSizeoftheReactants
Theactivitydemonstratedthatparticlesizecanincreaseordecreaset
herateofreaction.Thoughnochemicalreactionhastaken
NegOr_Q4_Science10_SLKWeek7_v2
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place,therateofdissolutionofsugarisfasterforthepowdered
sugarthantherocksugar.Similarly,thewoodweusetocookour food is
chopped to a desirable size so it will burn easily.Ifwedonot chop the
wood, it will take more time forthe wood to burn.
You also observe that some metals do not form rust while
othersdo.Rustingisachemicalreactionwhereinthemetalreacts with
oxygen present in the air. The rust formed is the product of that
reaction.Golddoesnotrustbutironformsrust.Thoughbothare
metals, gold does not react with oxygen while iron does.
Some elements have different physical forms.An exampleis the
crystalline form of diamond and graphite. Though the diamond
and graphite are two different forms, both are made up of the
same element - carbon. Carbon exhibitsALLOTROPY.Another
exampleofanelementexhibitingallotropyisphosphorus.Oneis
whitephosphorusandtheotherisredphosphorus.Betweenthe
two,whiteismorereactive.Itburnsreadilywhenexposedtoair while
the red phosphorus does not. Red phosphorus is less
dangerous and can be stored for long periods of time without
exploding. However, to store white phosphorus, it has to be
submergedinwater.Eventhoughbotharemadeupofthesame
element,theirchemicalbehaviorsaredifferent.
Concentration:TheLawofMassAction
Therateofthereactionisalsoobservedtobeproportionalto the
concentration of the reacting system. This simply means that the
greater the number of reacting components present in a container,
themorereactionwilloccur in a given time. An example of this is the
concentrationofacids.Ifyouhaveone(1)molarhydrochloricacid (HCl)
and you drop a metal zinc, the gas produced from the reaction is
slow. However, if you have a six (6) molar HCl, thereaction isvery
fast,andyoucanseelotsofbubblesforming.Six(6)molarHClis
corrosiveaswell.Greatcarehastobeobservedinhandlingthisacid.
Temperature
Whatisthereasonwhyfoodsstoredintherefrigeratorstayfresh
longer?The answer is temperature! Temperature can either increase
ordecreasetherateofreaction.Thespoilingoffoodindicatesthat
anundesirablechemicalreactionhastakenplace.Duringsummer,
foods are easily spoiled. To avoid spoilage,foods can bestoredinside
therefrigerator.
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 Inthesamemanner,desirablechemicalreactionshavetobe
carried out swiftly. To achieve this, temperature is elevated.
Commercially,mixturesareoftenheatedandthenmixed.Extreme
caution is required if the reaction is to be conducted at high
temperature. However, some of the reactants are destroyedathigh
temperature.Insteadof obtaining the desiredvaluable
product, none is collected because the reactant has already
decomposed to some worthless compound. What can we do
then?
PresenceofCatalyst
Ifthedesiredreactionhastobecarriedoutswiftly,without
elevatingthetemperature,CATALYSTS areused.Catalystsare
substancesthataltertherateofchemicalreactionwithoutbeing
consumed. It simply means that catalysts take part in the reaction
but after the reaction has been completed, they can be
recovered and used again.
Catalysts alter the rate of reaction. Therefore, these can
increaseor decreasetherateofaparticularreaction.Whena
catalyst increases the rate ofthechemical reaction,it issaidtobea
POSITIVECATALYSTor simply named CATALYST. If it slows down the
reaction, it is called a NEGATIVE CATALYST, morecommonly called
anINHIBITOR.Howdocatalystsaccomplishthisalteringaction? They
do so by providing an alternative step or path for the reaction
tooccur;theymakeshortcutstoreachtheirdestination.
Catalystscanbeofmetals,ions,acids,orbases.Insideour
body,wehavecatalysts.ThesearecalledENZYMES.Enzymesdo
amazing tasks like convertingthe food we eat to energy and
maintaining and repairing our cells.

CHEMICALCHANGESATHOME
Chemical changeshappenin ourhomeseverydaybecause
ofthevariousactivitiesthatwedoathome.
Cleaning
Wemustalwayscleanourhouseorelseitwilllooklikea
havenforpirates.Andweusedifferentchemicalstocleanthe
house.Beforeknowingmore aboutthesechemicals,let’sdo this
simple activity.

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TASK2
EffectofSoap
Youmayhavedonethiseveryday,butlet’stakeamuchcloser
lookathowsoapworks.Inadirtyplate,addalittlewater.And then
pour two dropsof dishwashingliquid orsoap into it.Write your
observationshere:

Basicsoapismadeoffatandlye.Itisproducedfromthe reaction
of animal fat or vegetable oil with sodium hydroxide.

AnimalfatorVegetableoil+NaOHSoap

Soapisacomplexsubstancethathastwomainparts:the
“polarhead”andthe“hydrocarbontail”

Source:shorturl.at/hjuzU

Thesetwopartsgivesoaptheabilityto
clean. The hydrocarbon tailsticks into the oily
stain or grease while the polar head dissolves
inwater.Theoilystainisbrokendownand Can you think of
becomeseasiertoremovefromyourcloth, anotherwaytoclean
plate, or body. these dishes?

Dishwashingdetergentslike soap have the same parts, too. But

thesehave other ingredients such as perfumes, colors, and surfactants.
SurfactantslikeLAS(linear alkylsulfonates) simply loosen food residue so
thatyoucaneasilyremovethem.

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 Cooking
Cooking is also an activity that we do every day. The
chemicalchangethatusuallyhappensisthis:

Uncooked food Cooked food The

change usually involves heat.Study this diagram:

Aneggundergoesachemicalchangewhencooked.
Theliquideggcoagulatesorsolidifieswhenheatisapplied.
The meat of pork, chicken, and fish also undergo
chemical changes when heat is applied.Vegetables also
change when heat is applied.
Sometimes,foodundergoesachemicalchangeevenif no
heat is applied. This happens when food is being preserved. For
example, salting raw fish makesbagoong.
Meatiscuredorpreservedbyaddingsalitreorsodium
nitrite. Tocino, chorizo, and hotdogs are preserved this way.

TASK3
Directions: Identifywhetherthe followingactivitiesinvolvea
physicalorchemicalchange.Writeyouranswerinyournotebook.
1.Scrubbingthefloor 6.Bakingacake
2.Sweepingthebackyard 7.Bleachingcloth
_ 3.Wipingthetable 8.Makingsyrup
4.Makingsalad 9.Removingcobwebs
5.Fryingdriedfish 10.Scrapingfoodfrom
thepan

NegOr_Q4_Science10_SLKWeek7_v2
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CHEMICALCHANGESINTHEENVIRONMENT
The environment is one big chemical system where many complex
andvitalchemicalreactionshappen.Herearesomeofthem.

ChangesinPlant
Plants undergo complex chemical
changes.Thestemgrowshigher,therootsgo
deeper, the flowersbloom,andthefruitsripen.
Themoststudiedchangeinplantsistheprocess
of photosynthesis. Plants make their own foodby Complexchanges
happeninplants
photosynthesis.
Thegeneralchemicalreactionforphotosynthesisis:
6CO2 +6H2O  C6H12O6+6O2
Thecarbondioxidecomesintotheplantthroughtheleaves
andtherootsabsorbwater.Withthepresenceofsunlight,these
materialsarechangedintosugarandoxygen.

III. WHATIHAVELEARNED
EVALUATION/POSTTEST
Directions:Answerthefollowingandwriteyouranswerinyournotebook.
I. Classifywhetherthereactionisendothermicorexothermic.
1. Icemaking
2. H2O(l)H2O(g)
3. H2O(l)H2O(s)
4. CH3OH(g)CO(g)+2H2(g) H=90.2KJ/mol
5. CH O
2 (g) +H 2(g) CH 3 OH (g) H=-92.2KJ/mol

II.Indicatethefactorsthatareaffectingtherateofchemicalreactions.
Writeyouranswerinyournotebook.
1. Rustingofironbutnotgold
2. Spoilingoffoodonthetable
3. Fermentationofsugartoalcoholusingyeast
4. Copperoxidespeedsup thedecomposition
of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)
5. Grindingofcalciumcarbonatebeforecalcining
NegOr_Q4_Science10_SLKWeek7_v2
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REFERENCES
Bettelheim,F.A.,W.H.Brown,M.K.Campbell,andS.O.
Farrell.General,Organic&Biochemistry.Brooks/Cole
Cengage Learning, 2009.

Brown,T.L.“EaseModule17ReactionRatesandEquilibrium.”
Essay. In Chemistry: The Central Science. Pearson
Education, 2009.

“12.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates - Chemistry 2E.”

OpenStax. Accessed January 14, 2022.
https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/12-2-
factors-affecting-reaction-rates.

Mott,Vallerie.“IntroductiontoChemistry.”LumenLearning.
AccessedJanuary14,2022.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/
equilibrium/.

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Writer

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Illustrators/Lay-outArtists

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SYNOPSIS
Thisstudentlearningkitdealsaboutthe
speed of chemical reactions and chemical
equilibrium. Some reactions are very fast like
theburningofwood whileothersareveryslow,
liketherustingofiron.Somereactionsgoto
completion, that is, all the reactants are
converted to products. However, upon
forming the product some reactions will
reverttoreactantsbecauseofanequilibrium
thatexist.
Understanding the factors affecting the
rate or speedofchemicalreactionsandthe
chemicalequilibriumwillhelpyou appreciate
the chemical changes happening around
you.
So,join us,as we dive in through the world of
chemicalreactionsandchemicalequilibrium.
ABOUTTHEAUTHOR

Author: MENCHIE E. RADO is currently the District

ScienceCoordinatorofSiaton3,anactivemember
ofSciencegroupandoneofthewritersinthe
DivisionLessonPlanWriting.Shegraduatedfrom
Negros Oriental University-Siaton Campus, with the
degree of B.S History (1990-93) and earned units in
Biology at Foundation University, Dumaguete City
(1987-90). She is also active also in research workabout
13
the medicinal properties of plants, an awardee of
Global Filipino Teachers (2nd placer), outstanding
teacher inScience, 1st placer
inStrategicInterventionMaterials, and also winner in
Best Reading Corner (2019-2020).

Lay-Out Artist: RAIZA A. COLONGON is currently a

ScienceTeacherandSchoolScienceCoordinator
ofSiatonScienceHighSchool.Shegraduated
BachelorofSecondaryEducationspecializingin
BiologicalSciencesinNegrosOrientalState
University Main Campus I, Dumaguete City.

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