FASCISM

PHILIPPINE POLITICS

SUBMITTED TO:
MA’AM JENNIFER T. DIGAN
SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP V

 MANUEL, ALEAH MAE

 AGPALO, ASHLEY
 VERDADERO, KATHRINE
 ESPIRITU, JONABELLE
 DOMANAS, REMANET
 BANGAO, LANCE
 VALDEZ, RENZ
 GANDO, ROWELL
 GABURNO, ZILDJIAN RAY
 SEPULCHRE, JOEMARK
 RAMIREZ, JOHN REY
WHAT IS FASCISM?
 Is a radical political ideology that combines elements of:
 Corporatism
 Authoritarianism
 Nationalism
 Militarism
 Anti-liberalism
 Anti-communism
 Comes from the Italian word Fascio which means
“bundle”.
As in political or militant group or nation.

 Fasces – Rods bundled around an axe.

An ancient roman symbol of the authority of magistrates.

 Was used by an Italian political movement that ruled Italy

from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of:
 Became a more generic term that was meant to cover an
entire class of authoritarian political ideologist, parties and
political systems.
 Through no consensus was ever achieved on precise
definition of what it means to be “fascist”.
 SIX (6) ELEMENTS OF FASCISM

1. CORPORATISM
 Is a collectivist political ideology developed as
“third way” along with Christian democracy and
fascism which advocates the organization of society
by corporate groups such as:
 Agricultural
 Labor
 Business
 Scientific
 Guild association
 On the basis of their common interest.

2. AUTHORITARIANISM
 Characterized by highly concentrated and
centralized government power maintained by
political repression and exclusion of potential or
supposed challengers by armed force.
 It uses political parties and mass organizations to
mobilize people around the goals of the regime.

3. NATIONALISM
  Is an idea or movement that holds the nation should
be congruent with the state. As movement, it tends
to promote the interest of a particular nation,
especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining
the nation’s sovereignty over its perceived
homeland to create a nation state.

4. MILITARISM
 Is the belief or desire of a government or people that
a country should maintain a strong military
capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to
defend or promote national interest

“The hostility and militarism of the regime that has not ebbed in
perceptible manner”
5. ANTI –LIBERALISM
 Opposition to the political Belief that should be free
tread that people should be allowed more personal
freedom and that change in society should be made
gradually.
6. ANTI – COMMUNISM
 Opposed to or directed against political systems
based on communism (the belief in society without
different social classes in which the methods of
production are owned and controlled by its all
members and everyone works as much as they can
and receives what they need)
 FOURTEEN CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
1. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism.
 Fascist regimes makes constant use of:
 Patriotic Mottos
 Slogans
 Symbols
 Flags

2. Disregard for Human rights

 Human rights can be ignored because of fear of
enemies and the need of security.
 Look the other way
 Approve of torture
 Approve of long incarcerations of
prisoner
 Approve of executions and
assassinations
3. Identification of Enemies as unifying cause
 People are railed into a unifying patriotic frenzy
over the need to eliminate perceive common enemy.
 Racial
 Ethnic and religious minorities
 Liberals
 Communists
 Socialist
  terrorists

4. Supremacy of the military

 The military is given disproportionate amount of
Government funding
 Soldiers and military service are glamorized.

5. Widespread sexism
 The Government tend to be almost exclusively male-
dominated.
 Traditional gender roles are made more rigid.
Divorce, abortion, and Homosexuality are suppressed.

6. Controlled Mass Media

 The media is directly or indirectly controlled by the
Government.
 Censorship is very common.

7. Obsession with National security

 Fear is used as motivational tool by
the government over the masses.
8. Religion and Government are intertwined
 Governments use the most common religion in the
Nation as a tool to manipulate public opinion.
Religious messages and terminology are common from
government leaders.

9. Corporate power is protected

  Mutually beneficial/government relationship.

MUSSOLINI: “Fascism should be more properly be called

corporatism because it is the merger of state and corporate power”

10. Labor Power is suppressed

 Labor unions are seen as a huge threat to a fascist
government.
 Labor unions are either severely suppressed or are
eliminated entirely.

11. Disrespect for Intellectuals and the Arts

 Open hostility to higher education.
 Professors and other academics are censored, or even
arrested.
 Free expression in the arts and writing is openly
attacked.

12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment

 Local police are given almost limitless power to enforce laws.
 People are often willing to overlook police abuses in the name
patriotism.
 Often a national police force with virtually unlimited power
.
13. Rampant Cronyism and Corruption
 Friends and associates appoint each other to Government
position.
 Officials use governmental power and authority to protect
their friends from accountability.

14. Fraudulent Elections

 Elections are often a complete sham.
 Elections may be manipulated by smear campaigns.
 Manipulation of the media to control elections
 Occasional assassination of opposition Candidates.