1

sRepublic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
Cervantes National High School
Cervantes Ilocos Sur

INSTANCES AFFECTING THE CAREER CHOICE OF

THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF
CERVANTES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A research proposal submitted to the Senior High School Faculty of Cervantes National
High School in partial fulfillment of the requirements in
CAPSTONE (Quantitative Research).

Submitted by:

Alcarion, Angelo M.
Benito, Miller D.
Pucti, Alyssa Liezel M.
Dalligue, John Gabriel
Sagun, Renz Tonton G.
Wayasen, Arjohn L.

January 14, 2023

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ABSTRACT
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ANGELO M. ALCARION, MILLER D. BENITO, JOHN GABRIEL DALLIGUE,
ALYSSA LIEZEL M. PUCTI, RENZ TONTON G. SAGUN, ARJOHN L. WAYASEN,
June 2023. INSTANCES AFFECTING THE CAREER CHOICE OF THE SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF CERVANTES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, GAS
and STEM, CERVANTES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL.

ADVISER: MRS. EVANGELINE A. ALVARO

The purpose of this research is to identify the instances affecting the career choice of
Senior High School students of Cervantes national High School, it sought to know the most
viewed major instances which affect the career choice of the students. This is done by
descriptive method of research in the form of questionnaires. Frequency count, weighted
mean and rank were used as a statistical tool to analyze the needed data. A total of 199
Senior high School students along the strands STEM, TVL and GAS were the respondents of
this study.

The findings of the study indicated that Senior High School students mostly agree on
the major instances like the economic, psychological and sociological instances with an
overall mean of 2. 61. It was also observed that the most viewed instances in choosing the
career choice of students is economic instances with a total mean of 2. 68.

In line with the findings, it is recommended that the students should be aware and
focus on overcoming the instances underlying the economic instances. Besides, it is
recommended that there should be a further study on the comparison of the differences
among the responses of the three stands STEM, TVL and GAS regarding on which the most
viewed instances is affecting their choice of career.

Keywords: Economic instances, Psychological Instances, Sociological instances

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………1

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..2

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………..3

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………4

RESEARCH QUESTIONS…………………………………………………………...5

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………6

CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………...9

CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………..11

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………….14

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………16

APPENDICES

a. APPENDIX A

(Letter to the Respondents)……………………………………………...17

b. APPENDIX B

(Questionnaire)…………………………………………………………..18

c. APPENDIX C.

(Tally Sheet)……………………………………………………………..20
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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. Respondents of the Study

TABLE 2. Likert Scale to use in interpreting instances

TABLE 3. Summary of the Instances Affecting the Career Choice of Senior High
School students
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.What are the factors affecting the career choice of the Senior High School students?

2.How psychological, economic and sociological instances affect the career choice of

the students?

3.Among the major instances which of them mostly affects career choice?

CHAPTER I
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INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis

Career choice is indeed one of the most important and crucial decision a person has

to make. It is a decision process in which one of the key elements in an individual’s life

(Alberts et al.2003). Nowadays, there are a lot of students who have their uncertainities in

choosing their career. There are indeed several problems encountered by students in their

process of choosing their career (Olamide and Olawaiye, 2013). A mistake of choosing

career may fall to lifelong consequences (Mashige and Oduntan, 2011)

As for the Philippines, one’s career choice has been affected because of the financial

problem knowing that the Philippines is a third world country. Ismail (2009) indicated that

students are satisfied in their college choice based on their information satisfaction in regards

to financial factors which include financial aids and affordable fees.

Meanwhile, there is a great need to find out the instances affecting the career choices

among high school students will give impetus to this study. This will also serve as a tool

which could help them in distinguishing the instances affecting their career choice. The study

results would be helpful for the student counselors, parents, and universities, in developing

career counseling and guidance programs for the students to facilitate them in making the

right career choice. To the researcher this will serve as a guide in knowing the most viewed

instance affecting the career choice of students.

Career choice is one of the most significant choices which the students will make in

order for them to determine their future plans; thus, this decision may also give big impact to
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them throughout their lives. Besides several factors influenced the career choices of high

school students; hence in identifying these factors would give the parents, educators, and the

institution an idea as to where the students may place most of their trust in the career choice

process (Borchert, 2002).

Oladele (2002) noted that at the senior secondary school level, the students tend to

make decisions of continuing his or her formal education to any tertiary institution or going

to work immediately. In choosing one’s career students must know on how to develop their

preferences and how these preferences are implemented. This then proves the fact that self-

knowledge and occupational knowledge are very important means ensuring a precise and

substantial occupational decision toward career (Makinde and Kayode, 1987).

Meanwhile, Redman and Wilkinson (2001) clarifies career as the application of a

person’s intellect and capabilities, providing work over profession, timely work expertise

and a basis of developing and bettering business networks. Individuals chose career planning

to achieve their professional goals and being accessed on upcoming opportunities.

Individuals prefer the career that could provide them sound basis for an improved of living

(Cavus, Geri and Turgunbayeva; 2015). So briefly career planning is the process whereby

the individual himself or the organization helps in pursuing his growth objectives in

conformity with his expertise in the area, capabilities and aims (Bayraktaroglu, 2011).

However, many students find difficulty in choosing their career because of some

reasons like financial aid that can determine not only whether and where students go to

college but also kinds of experiences they have while there, how much they will learn or

change, the likelihood that they will persist and graduate, and ultimately, whether they will
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reap the full intellectual, personal, social, occupational and economic benefits of college

(Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005).

Katona (1999) stated the most first year college students do not know which careers

they will pursue. This fact alone makes it important to understand why certain students make

a commitment to one career field. Katona (1999) proposed that many high school students

were motivated to choose careers they felt would be a benefit to society.

Lack of awareness about skills, values and interests can further cause problems when

trying to choose a career. While this is a typical problem for people newly entering or re-

entering the workforce, it can affect anyone who is out of touch with what he wants for a

career. Career aptitude tests and career counseling can help determine the type of careers a

student should pursue. Due to need for specialization at the workplace, choosing a career is

not easy and straight forward undertaking it is complicated and daunting task because the

decision is influenced by various factors (Hewitt, 2010).

To come up with the main objective of this study, this research specifically aimed to

determine the degree of agreement regarding instances affecting the career choice of the

Senior High School students of Cervantes National High School in choosing their career and

sought to know the most viewed major instances which affect the career choice of the

students.

CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY
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This chapter presents the research design, sources of data, research instrument, data

gathering procedure and statistical treatment that was utilized in this study.

This research utilized descriptive method of research, which involved collections of

quantitative information that can be calculated in a numerical form, such as the scores on a

test or how many times an individual chooses to use a certain feature of a multimedia

program. It can describe categories of information such as a gender or patterns of interaction

when using technology in a group situation. Also, involves gathering data that describes

events and then organizes, tabulates, depicts and describes the data collection (Glass and

Hopkins, 1984).

This study conducted during the second semester of school year 2022-2023 from the

month of April-May. The respondents were the randomly selected Grade 11 and Grade 12

senior high school students of Cervantes National High School comprising the strand of

STEM, TVL and GAS that can be seen in the table.

Table 1. Respondents of the study.

STRAND GRADE 11 GRADE 12 TOTAL

STEM 19 34 53

TVL 35 40 75

GAS 46 25 71

TOTAL 100 99 199

The tool in gathering data from the respondents is a questionnaire checklist wherein it

consists 20 statements of psychological, sociological and economic instances. The questions

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were based in The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES). Some of the

questions were revised and conceptualized by the researchers and by guidance of the subject

teacher.

Questionnaires were floated respectively after the request and approval of the

Assistant Principal of Cervantes National High School. The subject teacher guided the

researchers to float and collect the questionnaires for 100% retrieval. The data gathered were

tallied, tabulated and analyzed using frequency count and weight mean. The following scale

was used to interpret the instances affecting career choice of the senior high school students

of Cervantes National High School.

Table 2. Likert Scale used to interpret data

NUMERICAL STATISTICAL DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT

VALUE LIMIT
4 3.26 -4.00 Highly Agree
3 2.51 -3.25 Agree
2 1.76 -2.50 Slightly Agree
1 1.00 -1.73 Does Not Agree

CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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This chapter presents the outcome of the data gathered towards the specific problems.

The data gathered were tallied, tabulated and analyzed using frequency count and weight

mean in accordance to the responses of the 199 Senior High School students taking up

STEM, TVL and GAS. The study aimed to determine the instances affecting career choice of

the Senior High School students of Cervantes National High School in choosing their career.

Table 3. Summary of the Instances Affecting the Career Choice of the Senior High

School Students of Cervantes National High School.

INSTANCES MEAN TOTAL D.E. RANK

STEM TVL GAS MEAN

Sociological 2.41 2.58 2.59 2.52 Agree 3

Instances

Psychological 2.56 2.62 2.67 2.62 Agree 2

Instances

Economic 2.63 2.73 2.70 2.69 Agree 1

Instances

OVERALL MEAN 2.61 Agree

Table 2 shows the instances affecting the career choice of the senior high School

Students of Cervantes national High School along STEM, TVL and GAS strands. It can be

seen from the table that Senior High students “agree” to the instances affecting their career
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choice with an overall mean of 2.61. This implies that most of the students are affected in

terms of sociological, psychological and economic aspects when choosing their career. This

finding was proved by NCDA (2003) as it defined career development as “the absolute

conglomeration or constellation of Psychological, Sociological, Educational, Physical,

Economic and chance factors which influence the nature and the significance of work in the

total lifespan of any given individual”.

Furthermore, among the instances Economic aspects ranked first with a total mean of

2.69 and interpreted as agree. This is not very far from the Psychological instances which

was interpreted as “agree” with a mean of 2.62 followed by the Sociological instances with

the mean of 2.52 closely to the others, interpreted as “agree”. This implies that the financial

status of the family, salary of their future career, employability of their specialization, the

place of their future work and the in demand jobs in the society underlying Economic aspects

be highly considered in choosing one’s career. Kerka (2000) claims that a piece of

information utilized by individuals and financial resources at their disposal significantly

interfere in an individual’s decision making process of career selection. Usher (2014)

lectures indicated that limited finances available to students will affect them negatively in

their preferences of profession selection.

Moreover, the psychological instances that could also affect the career choice of the

students are intellectual ability, personal choice, awareness of right kind of information and

source of information, and skills ant talents. Ozen (2011) states that psychological factors

can be an individual’s perception, cognitive and effective intentions, beliefs, ideas,

personality and assessments related to forthcoming business environment. Besides, the

dominant profession of the family, parent’s preference of specialization, friend’s preference

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of specialization are sociological instances that could affect the career choice of students.

Stage and Hossler (2000) proves that the effects of external influences such as parents,

teachers, and friends on student’s career choices may play a role in student’s “subsequent

satisfaction, and possibly ultimate persistence”.

From all that has been discussed, it has become obvious that there are some factors

which affect the career choice. Some of these instances include economic instances

(financial status of the family, salary of the future career, employability of the specialization,

the place of the future work, and in demand jobs of society), psychological instances

(intellectual ability, personal choice, awareness of right kind of information and source of

information, and skills and talents of students) and sociological instances (parent’s

preference of specialization, dominant profession of the family, and friend’s preference of

specialization). Senior High School students therefore should be aware of distinguishing the

instances affecting their career choice. Besides the above, it was also observed that the most

viewed instances in choosing the career of students is economic instances. Hence, this will

serve as a guide for the students to know the major instance that affects their career choice.

Meanwhile, it is recommended that students should be aware and focus on

overcoming the instances underlying economic instances. Besides, it is recommended that

there should be a further study on the comparison of the differences among the responses of

the three strands STEM, TVL and GAS regarding on which most viewed instance is

affecting their choice of career.

REFERENCES
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Alberts, C., Mbalo N.L. & Ackerman, C.J. (2003). ‘Adolescents Perceptions of the

Relevance of Domains of Identity Formation: A South African Cross- Cultural Study’.

Journal of Youth and Adolescence.

Audit Commission (1993). Unfinished Business: Fulltime Education Courses for 16-19 year

olds. London HMSO.

Bayraktaroglu, S. (2011) Insan Kaynaklan Yonetmi 4. Baski. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayincilik.

Borchert, M. (2002) Career choice factors of High School students. The Graduate School.

Cavus,Geri and Turgunbayeva; 2015 ‘Factors affecting the career plans of university

students after graduation’, International Journal of Humanities and Social science Vol.5,

Ismail, (2009) Mediating effect of information on college choice. Paper presented in Oxford

Business and Economics Conference Program. UK. No.5.

Katona, S.K. (1999). Making change: Careers for community service generation.

Connection: New England’s Journal of Higher Education.

Kerka, S. (2000). ‘Career choice, gender, race and class’. Eric cleaning house on adult career

and vocational education. Columbus. Ed 421641.

Makinde, O. and Kayode, A. (1987) Profile of Career Education. Ibadan: Signal Educational

Services LTD.

Mashige,K.P., and Oduntan, O.A.,(2011).Factors influencing South African optometry

students in choosing their career and institution of learning. The South African Optometrist,

70(1) 21-28.

Oladele,J. O. (2000) Guidance counseling: A functional approach. Lagos: Johnslad Publisher

LTD.
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Olamide, S.O.,& Olawaiye, S.O.,(2013). ‘The factors determining the choice of career

among secondary school students’. The International Journal of Engineering and Science,

2(6):33-44

Ozen, Y. (2011). Kisisel Sorumluluk Baglaminda Kariyer Secimini Etkileyen Sosyal

Psikolojik Faktorler. Egitim ve Insani Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), , 81-96.

Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing A Vocation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin

Pascarella, E. T., and Terenzini, P. T. (2005) How college affects students (Vol. 2): A third

decade of Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Redman, T. & Wilkinson, A. (2001). Contemporary Human Resources Management,

Newyork: Financial Times Apprentice Hall.

Sharf, R. S. (2010). Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling (5th Ed.)

University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie. WI 54751

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the researchers would like to thank everyone who has imparted his/her

knowledge, wisdom, time and effort in order to finish successfully our research project.

We would like also to extend our gratitude to our subject teacher, Mrs. Evangeline A.

Alvaro, for her relentless support, resilience, and appreciated time and effort in guiding and

administering us amidst of our journey making and conducting our research.

To our friends and families who were in big hands to encourage and provide our financial

necessities, respectively; we are thankful for having all of you by our sides guiding and

subsidizing us until we finished this research.

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APPENDIX A

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

Dear Respondent,

We are the Grade 12 students under the Strand of GAS and STEM who are
currently conducting a research entitled, “ Instances Affecting the Career Choice of The
Senior High School Students of Cervantes National High School”, as part of the requirement
in the subject Practical Research 2.

In this regard, we may solicit your cooperation to fill in the necessary

information asked for this questionnaire. Rest assured that your response will be treadted
with utmost confidentiality.

Thank you and Godbless!

Respectfully,

Angelo M. Alcarion

Miller D. Benito

John Gabriel Dalligue

Alyssa Liezel M. Pucti

Renz Tonton G. Sagun

Arjohn L. Wayasen

____________________

Researchers
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APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

NAME: ________________________________________________ (Optional)

SEX: ______ Male STRAND: _______ STEM

______ Female _______ GAS

_______ TVL

DIRECTIONS: Below are the instances that could possibly affect your career choice in pur-
suing your higher education. Please check the column that corresponds to your be-
liefs as to its degree of agreement.

4 – Highly Agree 3 – Agree

2 – Slightly Agree 1 – Does not agree

Instances Affecting career choice HA A SA DA

4 3 2 1
A. SOCIOLOGICAL

1. I consider the dominant profession of my

family in choosing a career.
2. I consider the work ability of my special-
ization after finishing Senior High.
3. My friend’s preference of specialization
affects my decision in choosing a course.
4. My skills and talents affect my prefer-
ence of career.
5. I would like to try and explore new
school and environment respectively.
6. My parents prefer me to study at a
nearby school.
7. My parent’s preference of specialization
affects my decision in choosing a course.
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL

8. I consider work ability of my specializa-

tion after finishing senior high school.
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9. My skills and talents affect my prefer-

ence of career.
10. I consider the work salary of my future
career.
11. The field of my SHS specialization is
connected to my favorite subject.
12. My health condition affects my career
preference.
13. My career choice is my childhood
dream.
14. My personality affects my career prefer-
ence.
15. I consider my intellectual ability in
choosing my specialization.
16. Awareness of right kind of information
and source of information affects my de-
cision.
17. My preference of my specialization is
my personal choice.
18. I would like to try and explore new
school and environment respectively.
C. ECONOMIC

19. I consider the financial status of my fam-

ily in choosing my career.
20. The availability of courses offered in
nearby school affects my career prefer-
ence.
21. The in demand jobs affect my career
preference.

22. I consider the work salary of my future

career.
23. I consider the work ability of my special-
ization after finishing Senior High.

24. The distance of the school I preferred to

study affects my career preference.

25. I consider the place of my future work.

26. I consider the workability of my special-

ization after finishing senior high school.
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APPENDIX C

TALLY SHEET

INSTANCES AFFECTING THE CA- STRANDS TOTAL D.E. RANK

REER CHIOCE OF THE SENIOR HIGH MEAN
STEM TVL GAS

A.SOCIOLOGICAL

1. I consider the dominant profes- 2.28 2.87 2.87 2.67 Agree 3

sion of my family in choosing a
career.

2. I consider the work ability of 2.92 2.85 2.81 2.86 Agree 2

my specialization after finish-
ing Senior High.
3. My friend’s preference of spe- 1.85 2.27 2.08 2.06 Slightly 7
cialization affects my decision agree
in choosing a course.
4. My skills and talents affect my 2.62 2.43 2.51 2.52 Agree 4
preference of career.
5. I would like to try and explore 3.09 2.68 2.94 2.90 Agree 1
new school and environment
respectively.
6. My parents prefer me to study 2.32 2.59 2.54 2.48 Slightly 5
at a nearby school. agree

7. My parent’s preference of spe- 1.77 2.37 2.35 2.16 Slightly 6

cialization affects my decision agree
in choosing a course.
Average weighted mean 2.41 2.58 2.59 2.52 Agree

B. PSYCHOLOGICAL

8. I consider work ability of my 2.79 2.63 2.84 2.74 Agree 4

specialization after finishing se-
nior high school.
9. My skills and talents affect my 2.52 2.48 2.52 2.51 Agree 7
preference of career.
10. The field of my SHS specializa- 1.82 2.55 2.35 2.24 Slightly 10
tion is connected to my favorite
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subject. agree

11. My health condition affects my 1.91 2.36 2.52 2.26 Slightly 9

career preference. agree

12. My career choice is my child- 2.68 2.73 2.37 2.59 Agree 6

hood dream.

13. My personality affects my ca- 2.23 2.59 2.63 2.48 Slightly 8

reer preference. agree

14. I consider my intellectual abil- 2.79 2.63 2.76 2.73 Agree 5

ity in choosing my specializa-
tion.

15. Awareness of right kind of in- 2.85 2.71 2.82 2.79 Agree 3
formation and source of infor-
mation affects my decision.

16. My preference of my special- 2.85 2.84 2.93 2.87 Agree 2

ization is my personal choice.

17. I would like to try and explore 3.09 2.68 2.94 2.90 Agree 1
new school and environment re-
spectively.

Average weighted mean 2.56 2.62 2.67 2.62 Agree

C. ECONOMIC

18. I consider the financial status of 2.90 2.95 2.81 2.89 Agree 3
my family in choosing my ca-
reer.

19. The availability of courses of- 2.25 2.6 2.17 2.34 Slightly 7
fered in nearby school affects agree
my career preference.

20. The in demand jobs affect my 2.10 2.69 2.72 2.50 Slightly 6
career preference. agree

21. I consider the work salary of 3.04 2.92 2.93 2.96 Agree 1
my future career.

22. I consider the work ability of 2.92 2.85 2.81 2.86 Agree 4
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my specialization after finishing

Senior High.

23. The distance of the school I pre- 2.13 2.25 2.28 2.22 Slightly 8
ferred to study affects my career agree
preference.

24. I consider the place of my future 2.87 2.91 3.07 2.95 Agree 2
work.

25. I consider the workability of my 2.79 2.63 2.84 2.75 Agree 5

specialization after finishing se-
nior high school.

Average weighted mean 2.63 2.73 2.70 2.69 Agree

Table 3. Summary of the Instances Affecting the Career Choice of the Senior High

School Students of Cervantes National High School.

INSTANCES MEAN TOTAL D.E. RANK

STEM TVL GAS MEAN

Sociological 2.41 2.58 2.59 2.52 Agree 3

Instances

Psychological 2.56 2.62 2.67 2.62 Agree 2

Instances

Economic 2.63 2.73 2.70 2.69 Agree 1

Instances

OVERALL MEAN 2.61 Agree

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